Mchenga boa - imodzi mwazinthu zazing'ono kwambiri zomwe zili m'banja la boa. Njokayi nthawi zina imasungidwa ngati chiweto: ndizosangalatsa kuwona mayendedwe ake mumchenga, ndiwodzichepetsa ndipo, ngakhale ili ndiukali, ilibe vuto kwa eni ake. Kumtchire, boa constrictors amakhala m'zipululu za ku Asia.
Chiyambi cha mitundu ndi kufotokozera
Chithunzi: Sandy boa
Zowonongeka za zokwawa ndi njoka yochokera ku abuluzi. Gulu ndi monophyletic, ndiye kuti, njoka zonse zamakono zimakhala ndi kholo limodzi. Pakati pa abuluzi, ali pafupi kwambiri ndi mawonekedwe a iguana ndi fusiform, ndipo amaphatikizidwa ndi onse mu clade yomweyo Toxicofera.
Asayansi amakhulupirira kuti amisala omwe adatha, omwe anali gulu la alongo a njoka, anali a chuma chomwecho - ndiye kuti anali ndi kholo lawo lomwe linali lodziwika kwa iwo okha. Zakale zakale zakale za njoka zidayamba mkatikati mwa Jurassic, pafupifupi zaka 165-170 miliyoni. Poyamba, panali mitundu yochepa ya njoka padzikoli, izi zikuwonetsedwa ndi kusowa kwakukulu kwakupezeka kwawo poyerekeza ndi nyama zina za nthawi imeneyo. Makamaka ambiri a iwo adakhala kuyambira koyambirira kwa nyengo yotsatira - Cretaceous.
Kanema: Sandy Boa
Chofunikira pakusintha kwa njoka ndikuti, chifukwa cha njira zina, jini lomwe limayambitsa mapangidwe a njoka linasiya kugwira ntchito monga momwe amayembekezera, chifukwa chake anasiya opanda manja ndi miyendo. Kusintha kwawo kwina kunapangika m'malo mochotsa ntchito zomwe nthawi zambiri amachita ndi ziwalo zina za thupi.
Mitundu yamakono ya njoka idatuluka kutha kwa Cretaceous-Paleogene. Kenako sizinathe, ndipo kuchuluka kwa mitundu yawo pamapeto pake kunapezanso kapena kupitilira mitundu yambiri ya njoka zomwe zimakhala Padziko Lapansi mu nyengo ya Cretaceous. P. Pallas adalongosola mwasayansi za mchenga boa kuyambira 1773. Mtunduwo unkatchedwa Eryx miliaris.
Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Momwe mchenga wa boa umawonekera
Amuna amakula mpaka masentimita 60, ndipo akazi amatalikirapo - mpaka masentimita 80. Njokayo ili ndi mutu wophwatalala pang'ono ndipo thupi lake limakhala lophwatalala pang'ono, ndipo mchira ndi waufupi, ndi mathero osongoka. Boa amawoneka kuti "adyetsedwa bwino" chifukwa chakuti, poyerekeza ndi njoka zambiri, kuchuluka kwa thupi m'litali kumatalika kwambiri.
Pa nthawi imodzimodziyo, iye ndi wovuta kwambiri komanso wofulumira, makamaka pakakulidwe kwa mchenga, komwe amayenda ngati nsomba m'madzi, ndipo zenizeni - mchenga umakhala ngati madzi. Ndizovuta kwambiri kugwira boa yomwe imagwidwa mwachilengedwe, ndipo ngakhale pamtunda wamba imayenda molimba mtima komanso mwachangu.
Mtunduwo ndi wochepa, kuyambira wonyezimira mpaka wakuda wonyezimira wachikasu, pali mikwingwirima yakuda ndi mawanga, komanso timadontho. Oseketsa pang'ono amakhala ndi mabala owala mthupi, ma melanists athunthu amakhala ndi utoto wakuda, mpaka khungu lakuda. Maso amaonekera nthawi yomweyo: ali pamwamba pamutu ndipo nthawi zonse amayang'ana mmwamba. Kukhazikitsidwa kotereku kumathandiza kuti boa izindikire kulira kwa mbalame nthawi, ndipo awa ndi adani ake akulu. Mwana wa njoka ndi wakuda, iris ndi amber.
Pakamwa kali pansipa ndipo mwadzaza mano ang'onoang'ono - kuluma kwa boa constrictor kumakhala kovuta, koma sikowopsa kwa anthu, chifukwa sangathe kuluma kwambiri minofu, ndipo kulibe poizoni m'mano. Mutha kuyerekezera kuluma ndi singano.
Chosangalatsa: Ngakhale ndi yaying'ono, mchenga wa mchenga, poyesa kuugwira, umawonetsa kukwiya: umayesera kuluma, ndipo poyamba ndizovuta kupewa kuluma kwake, ukhoza kupota mozungulira dzanja. Wopezeka munyama zakutchire, amathanso kuthamanga kukaukira ndikuyesera kuluma munthu mwendo - muyenera kukumbukira kuti alibe poizoni komanso siowopsa.
Kodi mchenga boa amakhala kuti
Chithunzi: Mchenga wa Arabia Boa
Njokayi imakhala m'malo ambiri ku Eurasia.
Mtundu wake umaphatikizapo:
- Middle Asia;
- Kazakhstan;
- Mongolia;
- Lower Volga dera;
- North Caucasus.
Mu Russia, amapezeka makamaka m'dera la zigawo zingapo - Dagestan, Kalmykia, dera Astrakhan. Singapezeke kawirikawiri kumadera oyandikana nawo. Mochulukirapo, imapezeka kum'mawa, ku republic a Central Asia.
Nyengo yozizira yapadziko lonse ya Central Asia ndiyoyenera kwambiri kwa boa, chifukwa idatchedwa mchenga pazifukwa, koma chifukwa cha chikondi cha mchenga. Malo ake okhalamo ndi mchenga woyenda komanso wosakhazikika; imakonda dothi lotayirira, laulere. Chifukwa chake, sichipezeka kawirikawiri pamtunda wamba, komanso pafupi ndi mchenga.
Komabe, nthawi zina amchenga amatha kunyamulidwa kutali ndi kwawo, ndipo amapita kuminda kapena minda yamphesa kukafunafuna chakudya. Amakonda malo athyathyathya, samapezeka m'mapiri, samakhala oposa 1200 mita konse. M'zipululu mumtundu wake, boa constrictor ndiofala kwambiri, mu ola limodzi mutha kukumana ndi anthu khumi ndi awiri, osati pagulu, koma padera. Amakhala bwino mumchenga, amalowa mumchenga wosunthika ndikuwoneka kuti akuyandama. Nthawi yomweyo, thupi lake lonse limayikidwa m'manda ndipo mutu wake wokha ndi maso umatsalira panja, chifukwa chake zimakhala zovuta kuti nyama zolusa zimuzindikire.
Akasungidwa m'ndende, amafunika malo opingasa osakanikirana ndi mchenga wa 20-30 cm. Amakonda kutentha, motero amafunika kutentha masana pafupifupi 30 ° C ndi kutentha usiku kwa 20 ° C, chinyezi ndichotsika, koma nthawi yomweyo, chakumwa chimafunika mu terrarium. chipinda chinyezi.
Tsopano mukudziwa komwe mchenga boa amakhala. Tiyeni tiwone chomwe amadya.
Zomwe mchenga boa amadya
Chithunzi: Sandy boa m'chipululu
Ngakhale njokayi ndi yaying'ono, koma yolanda, imatha kusaka:
- makoswe;
- abuluzi;
- mbalame;
- akamba;
- njoka zina zazing'ono.
Amakonda kuukira mosayembekezera, kutengera mwayi wake kuti zimakhala zovuta kumuzindikira ali pafupi kukwiririka mumchenga. Pogumpha nyamayo, imamugwira ndi nsagwada zake kuti isathawe, imadzikulunga mozungulira m'miphete ingapo ndikuiyimitsa, ndiyeno imameza yonse - potere, mchenga wa mchenga umagwira chimodzimodzi ndi boa constrictor wamba. Njoka zazikulu zokha ndizomwe zimatha kugwira nyama yayikulu, zazing'ono komanso zomwe zikukula zimadyetsa makamaka tizilombo, komanso ana ena - azimwana zazing'ono, akamba ang'onoang'ono, anapiye. Boa tambala nthawi zambiri amawononga zisa za mbalame, koma ngati makolo awo awapeza akuchita izi, sangakhale odziwa.
Ngakhale ma boa constrictors eni ake amatha kugwira mbalame zapakatikati, mwachitsanzo, ngolo. Nthawi zina amayang'anitsitsa mbalame zazing'ono zomwe zikungodziwa kuwuluka ndipo, chifukwa cha zovuta zawo, amazigwira ndikuzikoka. Mukasungidwa, achinyamata a boa constrictor amadyetsedwa nkhuku zamoyo kapena mbewa zothamanga, ndipo akulu amatha kudyetsedwa ndi zazikuluzikulu. Mbewa zakufa zimafunikira kutenthetsedwa, ndipo ngakhale si njoka iliyonse yomwe idzawadya - palinso ina yosankha. Ngakhale ena amatha kudya soseji, ndibwino kuti musayese izi - zitha kupangitsa kuti boa idwale.
Mbewa imodzi ndiyokwanira njoka yayikulu kwa milungu iwiri, ndipo ngati kuli kotheka, imatha kufa ndi njala kwa mwezi umodzi ndi theka - zitatha izi, muyenera kungodyetsa kwambiri, izi sizikhudza thanzi la chiweto chilichonse.
Chosangalatsa: Ngati nthawi zambiri mumatenga njoka m'manja mwanu, izolowere kununkhiza ndipo ikhala bata za mwininyumbayo, mwinanso osaluma. Koma simuyenera kumudyetsa m'manja mwanu - izi sizikuwonjezera chikondi chake, m'malo mwake, kununkhira kwa mwiniwake kumayamba kulumikizidwa ndi chakudya, chifukwa chake chiopsezo cholumidwa chimangokula.
Makhalidwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Mchenga wa Arabia Boa
Amakhala okha. Masana, amagona m'malo obisika, kapena amakhala pansi pa mchenga kuti adziteteze ku dzuwa lotentha. Ngati sikutentha kwambiri, amatha kusaka, nthawi yachilimwe amachita madzulo kapena usiku. Amakhala nthawi yayitali pantchitoyi, chifukwa amagonanso pansi pamchenga posaka.
Kunja, gawo laling'ono lamutu lokhala ndi maso limatsalira, kuti athe kuyang'anitsitsa malowa. Popeza mutu wawo umapanga chiboda, posakhalitsa chimakopa chidwi cha wina ndipo, ngati ndi nyama, boa amadikirira moleza mtima kuti ifike ndendende kuti ayiponye, koma osakwanira kuti ayese, ndikuukira.
Amathamangira mwachangu komanso mwachangu, ngakhale kanthawi kapitako amatha kuwoneka wodekha komanso osatha kuyenda mwadzidzidzi. Ngati nyama yayikulu ili ndi chidwi ndi boa, imabisala pansi pamchenga ndikuthawa. Kuphatikiza pakubisalira, boa amatha kuyang'ananso dera lake posaka maenje a nyama zomwe zikukhalamo. Ngati iwapeza, ndiye kuti sichiyimira pamwambo wokhala ndi nzika kapena ana awo, ndipo imabweretsa chiwonongeko - pambuyo pakuwomberako, njokayo imatha kudyetsedwa mwezi umodzi ndi theka.
Nthawi zambiri imayenda molunjika pansi pamchenga, kotero kuti njokayo siyowoneka, m'malo mwake imawoneka kuti mchenga umakwera pang'ono ngati kuti umakhala wokha - izi zikutanthauza kuti boa imayenda mozama. Chotsalira chimatsalira kumbuyo kwake: mikwingwirima iwiri, ngati milu yaying'ono, ndi kukhumudwa pakati pawo. M'dzinja, ikayamba kuzizira kwambiri, imapeza malo ogona komanso matalala. Zitha kukhala miyezi 4-6 ndipo amadzuka atafunda mokwanira. Izi zimachitika koyambirira kapena mkatikati mwa masika. Samanga malo ogona kapena opumira masana, amatha kugwiritsa ntchito malo opanda kanthu pafupi ndi mizu kapena mabowo a anthu ena.
Mukakhala mu terrarium, ndikofunikira kukumbukira kuti mchenga boa constrictors amakhala osungulumwa, ndipo musawakhazikitse mwa anthu angapo, ngakhale atakhala amuna kapena akazi anzawo. Ndikotheka kuthetsa njoka ziwiri pokhapokha munthawi yokwanira, nthawi yotsala yomwe sakugwirizana.
Kakhalidwe ndi kubereka
Chithunzi: Njoka yamchenga ya njoka
Nyengo yakukhwimitsa imayamba pambuyo poti boa yatuluka kuubongo ndipo imatha miyezi itatu. Mu Julayi kapena Ogasiti, ana amabadwa, ndipo njoka izi ndizosavomerezeka, ndiye njoka mwakamodzi, nthawi zambiri kuyambira 5 mpaka 12, ndipo iliyonse imabadwa kale yayikulu kwambiri - 10-14 masentimita. Amatuluka mwachangu mu chipolopolo cha dzira, akudya yolk. Pofika chaka amakula mpaka 30 cm, pambuyo pake kukula kumachedwetsa, ndipo amakula mpaka kukula kwa akulu pokhapokha zaka 3.5-4, nthawi yomweyo amakula msinkhu.
Mukasungidwa mu ukapolo, amathanso kubalidwa, koma mikhalidwe iyenera kupangidwira izi. Choyamba, onse omwe angakhale makolo, omwe amakhalabe osiyana ndi anzawo, amabatizidwa - amachepetsa kutentha kwa terrarium mpaka 10 ° C ndikusiya kupereka chakudya. M'malo mwake, nyengo yachisanu isanayambe, amayenera kudyetsedwa kawiri monga mwachizolowezi kwa mwezi umodzi.
Kutentha kumatsika pang'onopang'ono, mkati mwa sabata, kudyetsa kuyimitsidwa kutatsala milungu iwiri kuyamba kuchepa. Zotsatira zake, njoka zimabisala, ndipo zimayenera kusiyidwa kwa miyezi 2.5-3. Pambuyo pake, kutentha, komanso bwino, kuyenera kubwereranso mwakale. Pambuyo podzuka, njoka zimafunikiranso kudyetsa kwambiri, ndiye kuti zimafunikira kuti zigone pamodzi kuti zikwere. Simukuyenera kuchoka kwa nthawi yayitali, pakatha sabata amatha kukhazikitsidwanso kwina. Njoka zazing'ono zikayamba kukwawa, zimayenera kukhazikitsidwanso ku terrarium ina.
Adani achilengedwe a mchenga boa constrictors
Chithunzi: Momwe mchenga wa boa umawonekera
Pazinsinsi zawo zonse komanso kubisala kwawo, ma boa constrictor ali ndi adani ambiri: ndi ochepa kwambiri kuti angadziteteze kuzilombo zazikulu, pomwe nyama yawo imakhala yopatsa thanzi, chifukwa chake ndi nyama yabwino kwa iwo. Mwa iwo omwe amawasaka nthawi zambiri pali mbalame zosiyanasiyana, makamaka mphamba ndi akhwangwala, owunika abuluzi, ma hedgehogs am'chipululu, njoka zazikulu.
Vuto lalikulu lomwe limawopseza kuchokera kumwamba: mbalame zodikira zimatha kuyang'ana kuchokera kumtunda ngakhale zitakwiriridwa mumchenga wa boa constrictor, komanso, zimatha kuwona bwino mayendedwe ake - zimatha kuuluka, kuyang'ana njirayi. Nthawi zambiri, boa constrictor amapulumutsidwa ndimapangidwe amaso, omwe amayang'ana kumwamba koyamba, osazindikira mbalameyo, njokayo imafuna kubisala pansi pamchenga. Koma zolusa, podziwa kuti nyama yawo imatha kunyamuka nthawi iliyonse, yesani kuyandikira mwanjira yomwe imatha kuzindikirika komaliza.
Boa constrictor iyeneranso kuyang'anira nthaka, ndipo ndi yoopsa kwambiri pakadali pano pomwe iwowo amayang'ana kwambiri nyama: nthawi yomweyo, buluzi wamkulu kapena chipululu cha m'chipululu amatha kuziona kale. Matambala a Boa amatha msanga kuthawa ndikubisala pansi pamchenga, motero adaniwo amayesetsa kuwagwira nthawi yomweyo.
Boa constrictors omwe amapezeka pafupi ndi malo okhala anthu ndi owopsa kwa agalu - nthawi zambiri amawonetsa njoka ndikuwapha. Ma boa constrictor ambiri amafera pansi pamiyala yamagalimoto, kuyesera kuti akwerere mumsewu wopanda anthu. Pomaliza, anthu ena asokonezedwa ndi kuwedza mopitirira muyeso kuti atengeredwe.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Chithunzi: Sandy boa
Ngakhale ziwopsezo zambiri, kuchuluka kwa mchenga wa nyama zakutchire kumakhalabe kwakukulu. M'zipululu za Central Asia, njoka izi ndizofala kwambiri, kuchuluka kwake ndi munthu m'modzi pa hekitala. Popeza kuti ali mderalo, mulingo wapamwamba sungatheke.
Chifukwa chake, wonse, monga mtundu, sakhala pachiwopsezo cha kutha. Zowopsa zonse zomwe zimawonekera zimayenderana ndi kubereka kwabwino. Komabe, mantha amayamba chifukwa cha magulu awo osiyanasiyana, makamaka omwe amakhala pafupi ndi dera lomwe anthu amakhala. Chifukwa chake, subspecies za Nogai zomwe zimakhala m'mapazi a Kalmykia, komanso ku Ciscaucasia, ngakhale sizinaphatikizidwe mu Red Book lokha, zidaphatikizidwa pazowonjezerapo - mndandanda wapaderadera wa anthu, dera lachilengedwe lomwe limafunikira chidwi.
Izi zidachitika chifukwa chakuchepa kwa chiwerengero chawo - tsopano alibe malo wamba, agawika m'magawo osiyana, momwe anthu amachepa pang'onopang'ono chifukwa choti dera lamapululu amchenga m'magawo awa likuchepa. Mavuto amtundu wina mwa anthu omwe amakhala kumpoto kwa China - ngati oyandikana nawo aku Mongolia amakhala momasuka, ndiye kuti ma boa constrictors aku China akumva kuyipiraipira chifukwa chakuchuluka kwa madera a anthu ndi ntchito zawo zamakampani. Milandu yakupha ndi zonyansa zamagulu azachuma zimachitika pafupipafupi, anthu akuchepa.
Chosangalatsa: Mano a njoka iyi amafunikira kuti agwire mwamphamvu nyamayo, chifukwa chake nthawi zina sichitha kudzilumikiza ikalumidwa, ngakhale itayesetsa kuchita bwanji. Kenako boa iyenera kusamalidwa mosamala, ndikuigwira pamutu.
Lolani kukhala mchenga boa ndi njoka yaying'ono, ndipo ngakhale pakati pa ma boas, ndi yaying'ono kwambiri, koma yothamanga komanso yosadziwika: ndizovuta kwambiri kuti timugwire mumchenga wakomweko, iye mwini akumenya ndi liwiro la mphezi ngati kuti palibe kwina kulikonse, kotero kuti nyama zazing'ono zimamuopa kwambiri. Monga chiweto, chimatha kukhalanso chosangalatsa, koma kwa iwo okha omwe ali okonzeka kuluma - ngakhale siowopsa, akadali osasangalatsa.
Tsiku lofalitsa: 08/03/2019
Tsiku losintha: 28.09.2019 ku 11:48
