Trepang Ndi chakudya chosazolowereka cha m'madzi, chotchuka kwambiri m'makhitchini akum'maŵa komanso chosowa kwenikweni kwa azungu. Mankhwala apadera a nyama, kukoma kwake kumalola kuti nyama zopanda mafupa izi zisatenge malo awo oyenera kuphika, koma chifukwa cha zovuta kukonza, kuchepa kwa malo okhala, ma trepangs sikofala. Mu Russia, iwo anayamba kutulutsa zachilendo m'nyanja m'zaka za m'ma 19.
Chiyambi cha mitundu ndi kufotokozera
Chithunzi: Trepang
Trepangs ndi mtundu wa nkhaka zam'nyanja kapena nkhaka zam'nyanja - ma invertebrate echinoderms. Zonsezi, pali mitundu yoposa chikwi ya nyama zam'madzi izi, zomwe zimasiyanirana wina ndi mnzake m'matende komanso kukhalapo kwa ziwalo zina, koma zimangodya ma trepangs. A Holothuri ndi abale apafupi kwambiri a nyenyezi wamba zam'madzi ndi urchins.
Kanema: Trepang
Zakale zakale kwambiri zakale izi zidayamba nthawi yachitatu ya Paleozoic, ndipo zaka zoposa mamiliyoni mazana anayi zapitazo - ndizachikulire kuposa mitundu yambiri ya ma dinosaurs. Ma Trepang ali ndi mayina ena angapo: nkhaka zam'madzi, makapisozi a dzira, ginseng wanyanja.
Kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa trepangs ndi ma echinoderm ena:
- ali ndi nyongolotsi, mawonekedwe pang'ono oblong, mawonekedwe ofananira ndi ziwalo;
- amadziwika ndi kuchepa kwa mafupa achikopa kukhala mafupa owerengeka;
- kulibe minga yotuluka pankhope pa thupi lawo;
- thupi la nkhaka zam'madzi ndizofanana osati mbali ziwiri, koma zisanu;
- Trepangs amagona pansi "mbali", pomwe mbali yokhala ndi mizere itatu ya miyendo ya ambulacral ndi pamimba, ndipo ndi mizere iwiri ya miyendo - kumbuyo.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti: Mutachotsa trepang m'madzi, muyenera kuwaza mchere pathupi lake kuti ulimbe. Kupanda kutero, cholengedwa cham'nyanja chimafewa ndikusandulika jelly pakumvana ndi mpweya.
Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Kodi trepang imawoneka bwanji
Pakukhudza, thupi la trepangs limakhala lachikopa komanso lolimba, nthawi zambiri limakwinya. Makoma a thupi lokha ndi otanuka ndi mitolo yotukuka bwino. Pamapeto pake pali pakamwa, kumapeto kwina kwa anus. Ma tenti angapo ozungulira pakamwa ngati corolla amagwiritsidwa ntchito kutenga chakudya. Kutsegula pakamwa kumapitilizabe ndi matumbo a bala. Ziwalo zonse zamkati zili mkati thumba lachikopa. Ichi ndiye cholengedwa chokhacho chomwe chimakhala padziko lapansi, chomwe chimakhala ndi maselo osabala thupi, chilibe ma virus kapena ma microbes.
Mitengo yambiri imakhala yofiirira, yakuda kapena yobiriwira, koma palinso mitundu yofiira, yabuluu. Mtundu wa khungu la nyama izi umadalira malo okhala - umaphatikizana ndi utoto wapansi pamadzi. Kukula kwa nkhaka zam'madzi zitha kukhala kuyambira 0,5 cm mpaka 5 mita. Alibe ziwalo zapadera, ndipo miyendo ndi ziwalo zake zimagwira ntchito ngati ziwalo zogwira.
Mitundu yonse yam nkhaka zam'madzi imagawidwa m'magulu asanu ndi limodzi, lililonse limakhala ndi mawonekedwe ake:
- opanda mwendo - alibe miyendo ya ambulacral, kulekerera madzi amchere bwino ndipo nthawi zambiri amapezeka m'madambo a mangrove;
- wamiyendo-yammbali - amadziwika ndi kupezeka kwa miyendo mbali zonse za thupi, amakonda kuya kwakukulu;
- woboola pakati - wokhala ndi thupi lopindika, lopangidwa moyenera ndi moyo pansi;
- trepangs ndi gulu lofala kwambiri;
- zotupa za chithokomiro - zimakhala ndizofupikitsa, zomwe nyama sizibisala mkati mwa thupi;
- dactylochirotids ndi ma trepangs okhala ndi ma 8 mpaka 30 opanga ma tentament.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti: Nkhaka zam'nyanja zimapuma kudzera kumtundu. Kudzera mwa izo, amatunga madzi m'thupi lawo, pomwepo amatengera mpweya.
Kodi trepang amakhala kuti?
Chithunzi: Sea Trepang
Trepangs amakhala m'madzi a m'mphepete mwa nyanja pansi pa 2 mpaka 50 mita. Mitundu ina ya nkhaka za m'nyanja sizimira pansi, kuthera moyo wawo wonse m'madzi. Mitundu yayikulu kwambiri yamitundu, kuchuluka kwa nyamazi kumafika m'mphepete mwa nyanja zam'madera ofunda am'nyanja, pomwe zimaphatikizika zazikulu ndi zotsalira za makilogalamu 2-4 pa mita mita imodzi.
Ma Trepangs sakonda malo osunthira, amakonda malo otetezedwa ku mkuntho wokhala ndi mchenga wa mchenga, miyala yamiyala, imatha kupezeka pafupi ndi malo okhala nkhono, pakati pa nkhalango zamchere. Habitat: Japan, Chinese, Sea Yellow, gombe la Japan pafupi ndi gombe lakumwera kwa Kunashir ndi Sakhalin.
Mitengo yambiri yamatope imakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi kuchepa kwa mchere wamadzi, koma amatha kupirira kusinthasintha kwadzidzidzi kuchokera kuzizindikiro zoyipa mpaka madigiri 28 ndi kuphatikiza. Ngati mumazizira munthu wamkulu, ndiyeno pang'onopang'ono simukuzizira, zidzakhala ndi moyo. Zambiri mwa zolengedwa izi zimalimbana ndi kusowa kwa mpweya.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti: Ngati trepang ayikidwa m'madzi abwino, ndiye kuti amatulutsa mkatimo ndikufa. Mitundu ina ya trepang imachitanso chimodzimodzi pakawopsa, ndipo madzi omwe amataya ziwalo zawo zamkati ndi owopsa m'madzi ambiri am'madzi.
Tsopano mukudziwa komwe nkhaka zam'nyanja zimapezeka ndi zomwe zili zothandiza. Tiyeni tiwone chomwe amadya.
Kodi trepang amadya chiyani?
Chithunzi: Sea nkhaka trepang
Trepangi ndi dongosolo lenileni la nyanja ndi nyanja. Amadyetsa zotsalira za nyama zakufa zam'madzi, algae ndi nyama zazing'ono. Amayamwa zinthu zofunikira m'nthaka, zomwe zimayamwa m'thupi lawo. Zinyalala zonse zimaponyedwa kumbuyo. Ngati nyama itaya matumbo pachifukwa chilichonse, ndiye kuti chiwalo chatsopano chimakula m'miyezi ingapo. Thupi la trepang logaya limawoneka ngati lakuzungulira, koma ngati litatulutsidwa, litambasula kuposa mita.
Mapeto a thupi ndikatsegula pakamwa nthawi zonse amakwezedwa kuti agwire chakudya. Mahema onse, ndipo amatha kukhala mpaka 30 mwa iwo kutengera mtundu wa nyama, nthawi zonse amayenda ndipo amafunafuna chakudya. Trepangs amanyambita aliyense motsatizana. M'chaka chimodzi cha moyo wawo, nkhaka zapakatikati panyanja zimatha kusefa matani ndi mchenga wopitilira 150 mthupi lawo. Chifukwa chake, zolengedwa zodabwitsazi zimakonza mpaka 90% ya nyama ndi zomera zonse zotsalira zomwe zimakhala pansi pa nyanja zapadziko lonse lapansi, zomwe zimapindulitsa kwambiri chilengedwe.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti: Idagawika magawo atatu ndikuponyedwa m'madzi, nkhaka zam'nyanja zimadzaza mwachangu ziwalo zosowa za thupi lake - chidutswa chilichonse chimasandulika thupi lonse. Momwemonso, ma trepang amatha kukula msanga ziwalo zamkati zotayika.
Makhalidwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Far Eastern sea nkhaka
Trepang ndi nyama yokwawa yokhazikika, makamaka yomwe imakonda kukhala panyanja pakati pa algae kapena poyikapo miyala. Amakhala ndi ziweto zambiri, koma amakwawa pansi okha. Nthawi yomweyo, trepang imayenda ngati mbozi - imakoka miyendo yakumbuyo ndikuimata mwamphamvu pansi, kenako, kudula miyendo yapakatikati ndi mbali yakutsogolo ya thupi mosinthana, imaponyera patsogolo. Sea ginseng imayenda pang'onopang'ono - pang'onopang'ono imatenga mtunda wopitilira 5 masentimita.
Kudyetsa maselo a plankton, zidutswa zakufa zakufa pamodzi ndi tizilombo tating'onoting'ono, nkhaka zam'nyanja zimagwira ntchito kwambiri usiku, masana. Ndikusintha kwa nyengo, zochitika zake pachakudya zimasinthanso. M'chilimwe, kumayambiriro kwa nthawi yophukira, nyama izi sizimasowa chakudya, ndipo nthawi yachilimwe zimakhala ndi chidwi chachikulu. M'nyengo yozizira pagombe la Japan, mitundu ina ya nkhaka zam'nyanja zimabisala. Zamoyo zam'madzi izi zimatha kupanga matupi awo kukhala olimba kwambiri komanso onga odzola, pafupifupi madzi. Chifukwa cha izi, nkhaka zam'madzi zimatha kukwera ngakhale m'ming'alu yocheperako yamiyala.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti: Nsomba yaying'ono yotchedwa carapus imatha kubisala mkati mwa trepangs pomwe siyikufuna chakudya, koma imalowera mkatikati mwa dzenje lomwe limapuma, ndiye kuti, kudzera ku cloaca kapena anus.
Kakhalidwe ndi kubereka
Chithunzi: Primorsky Trepang
Trepangs amatha kukhala zaka 10, ndipo kutha msinkhu kwawo kumatha pafupifupi zaka 4-5.
Amatha kubereka m'njira ziwiri:
- maliseche ndi umuna mazira;
- asexual, pamene nkhaka zam'nyanja, monga chomera, zimagawika m'magawo, kuchokera pomwe anthu amapita patsogolo.
Mwachilengedwe, njira yoyamba imapezeka makamaka. Trepangs amabala pamadzi otentha a 21-23 degrees, nthawi zambiri kuyambira pakati pa Julayi mpaka masiku omaliza a Ogasiti. Izi zisanachitike, umuna umachitika - chachikazi ndi champhongo chimayima moyang'anizana, chimadziphatika kumapeto kwa ng'ombe pansi kapena pamiyala, ndikutulutsa mazira ndi madzimadzi kudzera m'mabowo oyandikira pafupi ndi kamwa. Mkazi mmodzi amatulutsa mazira opitirira 70 miliyoni nthawi imodzi. Pambuyo pobereka, anthu owonda amakwera m'misasa, komwe amagona ndikupeza mphamvu mpaka Okutobala.
Pakapita kanthawi, mphutsi zimatuluka m'mazira oberekera, omwe pakukula kwawo amapita magawo atatu: dipleurula, auricularia ndi dololaria. M'mwezi woyamba wamoyo wawo, mphutsi zimasintha nthawi zonse, zimadyetsa algae amtundu umodzi. Munthawi imeneyi, ambiri amafa. Kuti mukhale mwachangu, mphutsi zilizonse zam'madzi zimayenera kulumikizidwa ndi anfeltia, pomwe mwachangu amakhala mpaka atakula.
Adani achilengedwe a trepangs
Chithunzi: Sea Trepang
Trepangs pafupifupi alibe adani achilengedwe, chifukwa chakuti minofu ya thupi lake imadzaza ndi ma microelements ochulukirapo, ofunika kwambiri kwa anthu, omwe ndi owopsa kwambiri kwa adani ambiri am'madzi. Starfish ndi cholengedwa chokha chomwe chimatha kudya trepang popanda kuwononga thupi lake. Nthawi zina nkhaka zam'madzi zimatha kugwidwa ndi ma crustaceans ndi mitundu ina yam'mimba, koma izi zimachitika kawirikawiri, chifukwa ambiri amayesa kuzilambalala.
Mantha trepang nthawi yomweyo amasonkhana mu mpira, ndipo, podziteteza ndi spicule, amakhala ngati wamba hedgehog. Pangozi yaikulu, nyama imaponyedwa kunja kwa matumbo ndi madzi m'mapapu kudzera munjira kuti isokoneze ndikuwopseza omwe akuukira. Pakangotha kanthawi kochepa, ziwalozo zimakonzedweratu. Mdani wofunikira kwambiri wa trepangs amatha kutchedwa kuti munthu.
Chifukwa chakuti nyama ya trepang ili ndi kukoma kwabwino, ili ndi mapuloteni amtengo wapatali, ndi nkhokwe yeniyeni yazinthu zothandiza thupi la munthu, imachotsedwa pansi panyanja mambiri. Amayamikiridwa makamaka ku China, komwe mankhwala ambiri amapangidwa kuchokera ku matenda osiyanasiyana, omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu cosmetology, ngati aphrodisiac. Amadyedwa mu mawonekedwe owuma, owiritsa, amzitini.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Chithunzi: Kodi trepang imawoneka bwanji
Kwa zaka makumi angapo zapitazi, kuchuluka kwa mitundu ina ya nkhaka zam'madzi zakhala zikuvutika kwambiri ndipo zatsala pang'ono kutha, pakati pawo nkhaka zakum'mawa kwa Far East. Udindo wa mitundu ina ndiwokhazikika. Kugwira nkhaka zam'nyanja ku Far East ndikoletsedwa, koma izi sizimayimitsa achi China omwe, akuphwanya malire, kulowa m'madzi aku Russia makamaka nyama yofunika iyi. Kugwidwa kosaloledwa kwaulendo waku Far East ndikokulu kwambiri. M'madzi achi China, kuchuluka kwawo kwatsala pang'ono kuwonongedwa.
Anthu aku China aphunzira kulima nkhaka zam'nyanja m'malo opangira zinthu, ndikupanga minda yonse yazomera, koma potengera mawonekedwe awo, nyama yawo ndiyotsika kwambiri kuposa yomwe idagwidwa m'malo awo achilengedwe. Ngakhale adani achilengedwe ochepa, kubereka komanso kusinthasintha kwa nyama izi, zatsala pang'ono kutha makamaka chifukwa cha zilakolako zosasinthika za anthu.
Kunyumba, kuyesa kubzala nkhaka zam'madzi nthawi zambiri kumalephera. Ndikofunika kwambiri kuti zamoyozi zikhale ndi malo okwanira. Popeza pangozi pang'ono amadzitchinjiriza potaya madzi amadzimadzi omwe ali ndi poizoni m'madzi, m'nyanja yaying'ono yopanda madzi okwanira amadzipweteka okha.
Trepang alonda
Chithunzi: Trepang kuchokera ku Red Book
Trepangs akhala mu Red Book of Russia kwazaka zambiri. Kugwira nkhaka zam'nyanja za Far East sikuletsedwa kuyambira Meyi mpaka kumapeto kwa Seputembara. Nkhondo yayikulu ikuchitidwa motsutsana ndi bizinesi yopha nyama mwachinyengo yokhudzana ndi kugulitsa nkhaka za m'nyanja zomwe sizinapezeke mwalamulo. Masiku ano nkhaka zam'madzi ndizomwe zimasankhidwa. Komanso, zinthu zabwino zimapangidwa kuti ziberekane nyama zapaderazi m'malo awo achilengedwe, mapulogalamu adapangidwa kuti abwezeretse kuchuluka kwawo ku Far Eastern Reserve, ndipo pang'onopang'ono akupereka zotsatira, mwachitsanzo, ku Peter the Great Bay, trepang idakhalanso mtundu wamba wokhala m'madzi amenewo.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti: Ndi kukhazikitsidwa kwa mphamvu yaku Soviet kuyambira zaka za m'ma 20 zapitazo, nsomba za trepang zimachitika ndi mabungwe aboma okha. Anatumizidwa kunja atawuma ambiri. Kwa zaka makumi angapo, nkhaka za m'nyanja zidawonongeka kwambiri ndipo mu 1978 kuletsedwa kwathunthu kwa nsomba zake kudayambitsidwa.
Pofuna kukopa anthu kuti akumane ndi vuto lakusowa kwa ma trepang wapadera chifukwa cha kusodza kosaloledwa, buku "Trepang - chuma cha Far East" lidasindikizidwa, lomwe lidapangidwa ndi kuyesetsa kwa Far Eastern Research Center.
TrepangZomwe kunja kwake sizinyama zokongola kwambiri za m'nyanja, titha kuzitcha kuti cholengedwa chaching'ono chofunikira kwambiri. Nyama yapaderayi ndiyothandiza kwambiri kwa anthu, nyanja zam'dziko lapansi, chifukwa chake kuyesayesa konse kuyenera kuyesedwa kuyisunga ngati mtundu wamibadwo yamtsogolo.
Tsiku lofalitsa: 08/01/2019
Tsiku losinthidwa: 01.08.2019 pa 20:32
