Penguin wolandidwa - awa ndi amodzi mwazoyimira zazing'ono kwambiri za ma penguin. Chifukwa cha ngayaye zawo zagolidi pamutu, zomwe zimawoneka kuti zimapanga nsidze, zimawoneka mwamphamvu komanso mwamphamvu. Ngakhale amakhala aang'ono, mbalame zotchedwa penguin ndi mbalame zokoma kwambiri, zothamanga komanso zolimba.
Chiyambi cha mitundu ndi kufotokozera
Chithunzi: Crested Penguin
Penguin yotchedwa crested penguin ndi ya banja la ma penguin. Zotsalira zatsopano za ma penguin apakatikati pafupifupi zaka 32 miliyoni. Ngakhale kuti ma penguin ambiri ndi akulu, mbalame zazikulu, makolo awo anali okulirapo. Mwachitsanzo, zotsalira zazikulu kwambiri zomwe zidapezekapo. Kulemera kwake kunali pafupifupi makilogalamu 120.
Kanema: Crested Penguin
Funso la kulumikizana kwapakati pakati pa anyani akuluakulu akale ndi ma penguin ang'onoang'ono otseguka limakhala lotseguka. Mwinanso, nthawi ina mbalamezi zidasinthidwa kuti zizitha kuwuluka, monga ma albatross ndi mbalame zam'madzi, koma moyo wam'madzi udawathandiza kwambiri. Kulumikizana pakati pa mbalame zouluka ndi ma penguin opanda ndege kwatha
Mbalame zochokera kubanja la anyani zimakhala ndi zinthu zingapo zomwe zimapezeka mwa iwo onse:
- amakhala m'mapaketi. Anyaniwa amakhala pachisa chachikulu komanso nthawi yachisanu amakumana kuti azitha kutentha. Komanso, moyo wogwirizana umakupatsani mwayi woti mudziteteze kwa adani;
- mawonekedwe a thupi la ma penguin amafanana ndi chipolopolo, ndiyabwino. Chifukwa chake mbalamezi zimatha kuthamanga kwambiri pamadzi, ngati ma torpedoes kapena zipolopolo;
- anyani sangathe kuuluka. Ngati nkhuku zimatha kuthawa kwakanthawi kochepa, ndiye kuti gulu lalikulu la anyani okhala ndi mapiko awo ang'onoang'ono amawapangitsa kulephera ngakhale kuwuluka pang'ono;
- anyani amayenda molunjika. Chodziwika bwino cha kapangidwe ka msana wawo ndikuti ilibe zopindika.
Ma penguin amasiyana mosiyanasiyana pakati pawo: kukula, mtundu ndi zina zomwe angazindikiridwe. Monga lamulo, mtundu wa ma penguin uli ndi chobisalira - wakuda kumbuyo ndi mutu ndi mimba yopepuka. Ma penguin amakhala ndi milomo italiitali yokhudzika komanso mkokomo wautali.
Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Momwe mbalamezi zimakhalira
Subpecies zonse za ma penguin ophatikizika ndizofanana. Kutalika kwawo kumasiyana mkati mwa 60 cm, kulemera kwake ndi pafupifupi 3 kg. Mbalame zazikuluzikuluzi zimakhala ndi mawonekedwe apadera - nthenga pamaso awo ndizotalika, zachikaso chowala, zimapanga mtundu wa nsidze kapena zotumphukira, zomwe anyani adadziwika nazo.
Chosangalatsa: Asayansi sanazindikire chifukwa chomwe mbalamezi zimafunikira nthenga zachikaso pamwamba pake. Pakadali pano, lingaliro lokhalo ndiloti amatenga gawo pamasewera akusakanikirana amtundu uwu.
Kwa ma penguin okhala ndi nthenga, nthenga zopanda madzi ndizodziwika bwino, zomwe zimapatsa mphamvu kutentha: zimatenthetsa mbalame nthawi yozizira, kuzizira nthawi yotentha. Mlomo wa anyaniwa ndi wautali, wonenepa, ndipo nthawi zambiri umakhala wofiira.
Mitundu ya penguin yotchedwa Crested penguin ndi mitundu yayikulu yomwe imaphatikizapo mitundu ingapo:
- rocking crested penguin - amaonekera potengera malo a zikopa, zomwe, monga momwe zinalili, anakankhira mmbuyo kuti zikhale zosavuta kuti penguin ikwere miyala;
- mtundu wa penguin wakumpoto ndiwo mtundu womwe uli pangozi kwambiri. Izi ndi mbalame zapakatikati ndi nthenga zakuda kwambiri;
- nyani wa Victoria. Zimasiyana pama mawanga oyera pamasaya. Mwambiri, pamimba yoyera ndimakonda kwambiri kuposa ma penguin ena;
- penguin wamkulu. M'malo mwake, si subspecies yayikulu kwambiri - imagawidwa potengera malo okhala ku Snares Archipelago - awa ndi malo ocheperako pakati pa anyani;
- Mbalame ya Schlegel. Mitundu yachilendo yonyezimira ya penguin, yomwe ilibe ngayaye zagolide ndi mulomo wandiweyani kwambiri. Ali ndi imvi yasiliva yokhala ndi zolemba zoyera ndi mapazi oyera. Nthenga zomwe zili pamutu pake sizimadziwika kwenikweni.
- Penguin wamkulu. Penguin wamkulu kwambiri. Amadziwika ndi nthenga zazikuluzikulu, zomwe zimawoneka ngati zofanana ndi imelo;
- Penguin wa macaroni. M'ma subspecies awa, nthanga zachikaso pamwambapa zimawoneka bwino. Yoyamba mwa mitundu yodziwika ya penguin yotchedwa crested penguin.
Ma penguin awa ali ndi kusiyana kochepa kwambiri pakati pawo, asayansi sagwirizana pakugawana mtundu umodzi wa anyani okhala pachimake.
Kodi penguin amakhala kuti?
Chithunzi: Mbalame yotchedwa penguin
Ma penguin otchedwa Crested penguins amapezeka kwambiri kuzilumba za Subantarctic, ku Tasmania, kuzilumba za Tierra del Fuego komanso pagombe la kontinenti ya South America. Ambiri mwa anthu amagawidwa m'malo awa.
Koma ma subspecies amtundu wa anyani amakhala m'malo awa:
- Zilumba za Antipode, New Zealand, Campbell, Auckland, Zilumba za Bounty - malo okhala ndi anyani akuluakulu;
- Zilumba za South Georgia, South Shetland, Orkney, zilumba za Sandichevsky - malo okhala macaroon penguin;
- Penguin wamkulu amakhala pachilumba cha Snares - amakhala m'dera la 3.3 km km okha;
- anyani akuluakulu amatha kupezeka kuzilumba za Stewart ndi Solander pafupi ndi New Zealand;
- Chilumba cha Macquarie ndiye malo okhawo okhala ndi anyani a Schlegel;
- subspecies zakumpoto zimakhala pazilumba za Tristan da Cunha komanso pachilumba cha Gough.
Ma penguin okhala ndi ziweto amakonda malo okhala miyala ngati malo okhala. Zonsezi, mosiyanasiyana, zimasinthidwa kuyenda pamiyala ndi pamiyala. Ma Penguin amayesetsa kuti asakhazikike kumadera akutali kwambiri akumpoto, chifukwa salola nthawi yozizira komanso kusowa kwa chakudya. Ngakhale ma penguin ndi osokonekera chifukwa cha matupi awo, ma penguin okhwima ndiosavuta komanso othamanga. Mutha kuwona momwe amalumphira kuchokera pamiyala ndi miyala komanso momwe amaponyera mopanda mantha m'madzi kuchokera kumapiri ataliatali.
Amakhala m'magulu akuluakulu ndipo amamanga zisa zawo pamatanthwe. Ndikofunika kwa iwo kuti ngakhale nyengo yozizira, udzu wouma, nthambi ndi tchire zitha kupezeka pachilumbachi, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pomanga chisa, ngakhale zisa zambiri zimamangidwa kuchokera kumiyala yaying'ono yosalala. Kupanda kutero, ma penguin a amuna ndi akazi amateteza zisa zawo ndi nthenga zawo.
Tsopano mukudziwa komwe anyaniwa amakhala. Tiyeni tiwone chomwe amadya.
Kodi mbalame zotchedwa penguin zimadya chiyani?
Chithunzi: Crested penguin kuchokera ku Red Book
Ma Penguin amadyetsa chilichonse chomwe angathe kulowa munyanja ndipo amalowa mkamwa.
Nthawi zambiri izi:
- nsomba zazing'ono - anchovies, sardines;
- kupha;
- nkhanu;
- nkhono;
- ma cephalopods ang'ono - octopus, cuttlefish, squid.
Monga ma penguin amfumu, ma crested amasinthidwa kuti amwe madzi amchere. Mchere wambiri umatulutsidwa kudzera m'matope apadera omwe ali pafupi ndi mphuno. Ngakhale, ngati pali mwayi wopeza madzi abwino, ma penguin amasankha kumwa. M'nyengo yotentha, ma penguin opepuka amapeza mafuta akakhala paulendo wautali. M'nyengo yozizira, amataya gawo lalikulu la kulemera kwawo; amachepetsanso kunenepa nthawi yamasewera olimbirana. Podyetsa anapiye, yaikazi ndi yomwe ili ndi udindo wodyetsa anawo.
Chosangalatsa: Penguin wokonda nyama amakonda kubweretsa nsomba zonse kapena zidutswa za nsomba kwa achichepere m'malo mobwezeretsanso nsomba zomwe zatha mkamwa.
Ma penguin okhala ndi ziweto amasuntha bwino pansi pamadzi. Amatha kukula mwachangu kwambiri kufunafuna nyama. Monga ma dolphin, ma penguin otsogola amakonda kusaka m'matumba, kuwukira gulu la nsomba pagulu, potero amawasokoneza. Komanso, pagulu la anyani, penguin amatha kutuluka wamoyo akakumana ndi chilombo. Anyani ndi osaka zoopsa. Amameza nsomba popita ndipo amatha kudya ngakhale anthu akuluakulu. Komanso, chifukwa cha kuchepa kwawo komanso luso lawo, amatha kutulutsa nkhono ndi nyamazi kuchokera m'mitsinje ndi malo ena opapatiza.
Makhalidwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Ma penguin awiri opindika
Ma penguin osokedwa samapezeka m'modzi, ndi mbalame. Gulu la ma penguin limatha kuwerengera anthu opitilira 3 zikwi, omwe ndi akulu kwambiri ngakhale mwanjira ya anyani. Malo okhala m'chipululu amasankhidwa, opangidwa ndi miyala ndi tchire losowa pafupi ndi nyanja. Ngakhale kuti nthawi zina amakhala pafupi ndi nyanja komanso mitsinje, nthawi zambiri amakhala magulu ang'onoang'ono omwe asochera pagulu limodzi. Ma penguin okhala ndi zokwawa amakonda kupanga phokoso. Amangokhalira kukuwa, ndipo zimakhala zovuta kuti asamve kulira kwawo: ndikulira, kofuula komanso mokweza kwambiri. Umu ndi momwe anyani amalankhulirana ndikupatsana zambiri. Usiku, ma penguin amakhala chete, chifukwa amaopa kukopa adani.
Ma penguin otchedwa Crested angatchedwe mitundu ya penguin yolimba mtima kwambiri. Penguin iliyonse ili ndi malo akeawo, omwe amateteza mwansanje. Ngati penguin wina alowa m'dera lawo, ndiye kuti wamkazi ndi wamwamuna amalimbana mwansanje ndi malo awo oyenera. Malingaliro awa kuderali limalumikizidwa ndi timiyala tating'onoting'ono tomwe timagwiritsidwa ntchito pomanga chisa. Ndi mtundu wa ndalama za penguin. Ma penguin omwe amakhala ndi ziweto samangotola timiyala pagombe, komanso amawabera kuzisa zina.
Chosangalatsa: Yamphongo ikakhala pachisa, ndipo yazimayi imapita kukadyetsa, zazikazi zina zimabwera kwa yamphongo iyi ndikupanga zochitika zokopa kuti zibereke. Pakakwatirana, yamphongo imasiya chisa kwa kanthawi kochepa, ndipo yaikazi imaba miyala yake pachisa chake.
Ma penguin okhala ndi ziboliboli samangokhala owopseza - amatha kumenya ndi milomo yawo komanso mbali yakutsogolo yamutu, yomwe imatha kuvulaza wotsutsa. Mofananamo, amateteza ana awo komanso anzawo ngakhale kwa adani. Ma penguin okhala ndi ziweto amakhalanso ndi anzawo am'banja omwe amakhala ochezeka nawo. Nthawi zambiri amasaka m'magulu ndipo samaberana. Ndikosavuta kuzindikira kuti ma penguin amakhala ochezeka - akakumana, amapukusa mitu yawo uku ndi uku, ndikupatsa moni mnzake. Ma penguin odyedwa amakonda kudziwa. Amapita kwa ojambula ndi akatswiri azachilengedwe ndipo amatha kuwukira anthu, ngakhale mbalame zazing'ono sizingavulaze munthu.
Kakhalidwe ndi kubereka
Chithunzi: Banja la ma penguin opindika
Nthawi yoswana imayamba ndikamenyana ndi amuna. Penguin awiri amamenyera akazi, amatambasula mapiko awo ndikumenyanirana ndi mitu ndi milomo. Zonsezi zimatsagana ndi kuwomba mokweza. Penguin wopambana amaimbira wamkazi nyimbo yakumveka kaphokoso kwambiri, pambuyo pake kukwatirana kumachitika. Yaimuna imamanga chisa. Makamaka amakhala ndimiyala yopanda ngodya zakuthwa, amakokeranso nthambi kumeneko ndi chilichonse chomwe apeza m'deralo. Mabotolo, zikwama ndi zinyalala zina zimatha kupezeka kumeneko. Mu Okutobala, mkazi amayikira mazira (nthawi zambiri amakhala awiri, ndipo dzira limodzi limakhala lalikulu kuposa lachiwiri). Pakugona, wamkazi samadya, ndipo yamphongo imamubweretsera chakudya.
Nthawi zambiri, amuna ndi akazi amaswa mazira mosinthana, ndipo makulitsidwewo amakhala pafupifupi mwezi. Anapiye omwe amawoneka kwathunthu amakhalabe ndi abambo. Amawapatsa kutentha, ndipo wamkazi amabweretsa chakudya ndikudzidyetsa. Mwezi woyamba anapiye amakhala ndi abambo awo, kenako amapita ku "nazale" - malo omwe anapiye amadzikundikira ndikuyang'aniridwa ndi akulu. Kumeneko amatha nthawi mpaka atakhwima bwinobwino. Anapiye atasiyidwa ndi anthu, mbalamezo zimaunjikira mafuta. Izi zimawathandiza kukonzekera molt yomwe imatha mwezi umodzi. Atasintha ubweya wawo, mbalame zazikulu zimapita kunyanja ndikukakhala nthawi yozizira kumeneko, kukonzekera nyengo yotsatira yokwerana.
Chosangalatsa: Ma penguin okhala ndi ziweto nthawi zina amapanga awiriawiri.
Ma penguin amakhala zaka pafupifupi 10, ali mu ukapolo amatha kukhala zaka 15.
Adani achilengedwe a mbalamezi
Chithunzi: Penguin Yaikulu Ya Crested
Chifukwa cha moyo wawo wapadziko lapansi, ma penguin alibe adani achilengedwe. Ma penguin ambiri amakhala kuzilumba zakutali, komwe kulibe munthu wowazunza.
M'madzi, ma penguin amakhala pachiwopsezo cha zilombo zina:
- Zisindikizo za nyalugwe ndi nyama zolusa zomwe zimapha ma penguin m'madzi mwachangu ndipo zimatha kukhala zowopsa pamtunda;
- Zisindikizo za Antarctic zimatha kupha ma penguin, ngakhale zisindikizo zimadyetsa nsomba;
- mikango yam'nyanja;
- anamgumi opha akhala akusaka mitundu yonse ya anyani;
- nsombazi zimapezekanso m'mapiko a penguin. Amatha kuzungulira kuzungulira zilumba komwe anyani amakhala. Mbalame ikamafuna kudya, imapita kunyanja, ngakhale pali chilombo chapafupi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti igwire msanga.
Anapiye a ma penguin okhala pachiwopsezo ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu. "Malo odyetserako ana" samayang'aniridwa nthawi zonse ndi akulu, ndichifukwa chake amatha kuwukiridwa ndi ma skuas abulauni ndi mitundu ina ya nkhono. Amalimbana anapiye okha ndi gulu la anyani. Ma penguin okhala ndi zikande si mbalame zopanda chitetezo. Ngakhale ndiocheperako poyerekeza ndi mafumu ndi ma penguin, amtunduwu amadziteteza mwansanje komanso ana awo. Amatha kulimbana ndi chilombo potambasula mapiko awo ndikufuula mokweza. Gulu la anyani olira oterewa mwina amawopseza mdani, ndichifukwa chake amasunthira kwina.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Chithunzi: Momwe mbalamezi zimakhalira
Pamodzi ndi emperor, galapagos ndi king penguins, crested nawonso amawopsezedwa kuti atha. M'zaka za zana la makumi awiri zinali zosasangalatsa ma penguin, chifukwa anthu adawapha chifukwa cha mafuta ndi nyama, komanso kuwononga ndi mazira. Zifukwa zakusowa kwa ma penguin otsekedwa lero ndi izi - kukulitsa madera azolimo, omwe amapezeka pamphambano ndi malo okhala ma penguin.
Zotsatira zake, mpweya woipa wamafuta, womwe umakhudza kutalika kwa nthawi ya moyo komanso mphamvu zoberekera. Chifukwa chachiwiri ndi osaka nyama. Mpaka pano, pali malingaliro akuti mafuta a penguin amachiritsa. Kusintha kwanyengo kukuchitikanso. Penguin akutaya malo awo okhala, omwe amasefukira ndi mafunde atsopano. Komanso, kuchuluka kwa nsomba ndi nkhono, zomwe zimaphatikizidwa pazakudya zamatsamba tsiku ndi tsiku, zikuchepa. Chifukwa cha zakudya zosakhazikika komanso kusintha kwa nyengo, anyani amayamba kubereka pafupipafupi - gulu limodzi pakatha zaka ziwiri zilizonse.
Kuwononga chilengedwe kumakhudzanso, makamaka zinyalala zapulasitiki ndi mafuta. Zachidziwikire, kugwidwa kwakukulu kwa nsomba zomwe zimaphatikizidwa pazakudya za penguins zomwe zimakhudzidwa kumakhudzanso kuchuluka kwawo. Ngakhale kuti chiwerengerochi chimakhala choposa mamiliyoni atatu ndi theka awiriawiri, ma subspecies ambiri ali pangozi. Chiwerengero cha anthu chikuyembekezeka kutsika ndi 70% pazaka 20 zikubwerazi.
Crested Penguin Conservation
Chithunzi: Crested penguin kuchokera ku Red Book
Ma subspecies omwe ali pachiwopsezo amaphatikizapo: miyala, yolimba, yayikulu, Schlegel penguin, wamatsitsi agolide. Ma subspecies omwe ali pangozi: kumpoto, lalikulu. Monga mukuwonera, ngakhale kuli ma penguin ambiri okhala ndi ziweto zambiri, amakhala ndi ma subspecies omwe ali pangozi kapena ma subspecies omwe akutha kutha. Pakati pawo panali Chatham Crested Penguin, yomwe idazimiririka koyambirira kwa zaka za zana la 19. Kutsika kumapitilira.
Njira zazikulu zachitetezo ndi izi:
- kusamutsa ma penguin kumadera otetezedwa;
- kudyetsa kwa anyani achilengedwe;
- kuswana ma penguin mu ukapolo.
Chosangalatsa: Kusaka kwa namgumi wa Baleen kwawonjezera kuchuluka kwa ma krill, omwe amapindulitsa mitundu ina ya anyani, kuphatikiza ma penguin, m'madera akumpoto.
Ma penguin okhala ndi ziboda amakhala bwino kumalo osungira nyama, amaswana mosavuta ndikupanga awiriawiri. Pakadali pano, malo osungira nyama ndiwo njira zodalirika zotetezera mitunduyi.
Penguin wolandidwa - yowala komanso yachilendo. Pomwe amakhala m'malo ambiri padziko lapansi, asayansi ali ndi nkhawa kale za kuchepa kwawo. Vuto losunga mbalame zamoyo komanso zamphamvuzi ndilopobe.
Tsiku lofalitsa: 07/29/2019
Tsiku losinthidwa: 07/29/2019 pa 21:38
