Kakomyzli - kanyama kakang'ono kofanana ndi mtanda pakati pa marten ndi paka. Ili ndi luso lokwera kwambiri ndipo imapha makoswe ambiri - chifukwa chake imaweruzidwa kale. Tsopano, monga ziweto, sizodziwika kwenikweni, koma ku North America nthawi zina zimasungidwa - ndi ziweto zokoma mtima komanso zachikondi, kupatula kuti si aliyense amene angazolowere mawu awo.
Chiyambi cha mitundu ndi kufotokozera
Chithunzi: Kakomytsli
Kumayambiriro kwa Cretaceous, pafupifupi zaka 140 miliyoni zapitazo, nyama zoyambilira zoyambirira zidayamba. Ankakhala ndi niche yomwe tsopano ndi ya hedgehogs, shrews ndi zina zotero, ndipo amadya makamaka tizilombo.
Kwa nthawi yayitali, zinali zovuta kuti iwo adutse izi, ndipo zinyama zambiri zitayamba kukula pambuyo poti nyama za nyama zatha. Adavutika ndi kutayika kumeneku zocheperako zocheperako komanso nyama zina zomwe kale zidali bwino, ndipo adatha kukhala ndi zachilengedwe zopanda kanthu. Mitundu yatsopano yatsopano idayamba kuwonekera, koma ma raccoon, omwe ena amakhala, sanabwere nthawi yomweyo. Ofufuzawo amakhulupirira kuti ma raccoon ndi abale apachibale a zimbalangondo ndi ma weasel, ndipo makolo wamba adakhazikitsidwa ndi zimbalangondo. Zinali zochokera kwa iwo kuti ma raccoon oyamba adagawanika. Izi zidachitika ku Eurasia, koma zidakula ku North America. Mpikisano ku Eurasia udakhala wovuta kwambiri kwa iwo, ndipo kwakukulukulu adalandidwa ndi viverrids.
Kanema: Kakomitsli
Koma ku North America, komwe zidapezedwa zakale za 30 miliyoni, zidapezeka kuti zili m'malo abwinoko, mitundu yatsopano yatsopano idawoneka, kenako ma raccoon adalowa ku South America - izi zidachitika zaka 12-15 miliyoni BC. Panalibe kulumikizana kwa nthaka pakati pa makontinenti panthawiyo - asayansi amaganiza kuti zigawenga zakale zimasamukira pachilumba kupita pachilumba, ndikudutsa pakati pawo pazipika. Ku kontrakitala yatsopanoyi, adapezeka kuti ndiwo okhawo omwe adadya nyama ndipo adatulutsa mitundu yayikulu - ma raccoon ena amafika kukula kwa chimbalangondo. Kupambana kumeneku kunatha pambuyo poti mlatho wapansi unapangidwa pakati pa makontinenti - zolusa zina zidakumana nawo, ndipo ma raccoon akulu adatha. Zotsatira zake, ndi ma raccoon ochepa okha, monga kamitsli, omwe adatsalira kuchokera ku mitundu yakale ija.
Mtundu wa Kamitsli umakhala ndi mitundu iwiri yomwe imasiyana pamitundu komanso malo okhala. Mitundu yoyamba imakhala ku North America, ndipo yachiwiri ku Central. Malongosoledwe asayansi amtundu wina adapangidwa mu 1887 ndi E. Kuez. Dzinalo m'Chilatini ndi Bassariscus.
Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Kami waku North America
Mutu wa kamitsli umafanana ndi marten ndipo umasiyana makamaka m'makutu atali, ndipo amatha kutsogozedwa kapena kuzungulira. Koma thupi lake limafanana mofananamo ndi mawonekedwe a ntchentche. Koma chinyama sichili cha weasels kapena fining - ndiye wachibale wapafupi kwambiri wama raccoons, monga umboni wa mtundu wofanana nawo. Kakomitsli si wamtali - 13-16 cm, ndipo amalemera pang'ono - 800-1200 magalamu, koma nthawi yomweyo thupi lake ndi lalitali: limatha kufikira 40-45 cm ndi kupitilira apo, ndipo mulibe mchira.
Ndipo ndiwofewa komanso wamtali - masentimita 35-55. Zotupa zina ndizochepa, koma amazigwiritsa ntchito mochenjera - amatha kukwera miyala ndikukwera mitengo bwino, zomwe zimathandiza posaka. Zambiri mwazotheka izi ndizotheka chifukwa cha kapangidwe ka mafupa a miyendo yakumbuyo, zomwe zimakupatsani mwayi wopita ku 180-degree. Thupi palokha limatha kupindika mwamphamvu, lomwe limathandiza kukwawa m'ming'alu yopapatiza. Chifukwa chake, mayendedwe a nyama angawoneke ngati achilendo.
Amawoneka ngati opondaponda: mosavuta momwe amakwera mapiri omwe amawoneka kuti sangathe kuwoloka, ndikutsika kuchokera kwa iwo, ndipo amatha kuwatsitsira pansi. Mchira umathandiza kuti ukhale wosasunthika. Malo olimba kwambiri, ndizosavuta kwa iwo kusaka, chifukwa zopinga zimalepheretsa nyama yawo mwamphamvu kwambiri - ngati si mbalame. Chovalacho ndi chachikaso, sichimakonda bulauni ndikuda, mchira ndi wamtundu womwewo, wamizeremizere. Pamimba, malaya ndi opepuka. Pafupi ndi maso pali chojambula: mphete yakuda, mphete yakuwala yazungulira, ndipo nkhope yonse ikadzala ndi tsitsi lakuda.
Chosangalatsa: Mukamaliza kudya, kamitsli imatsuka bwino nkhope yake ndi zikhasu, ngati amphaka.
Kodi kakomitsli amakhala kuti?
Chithunzi: Kakomitsli waku North America
Mitundu iwiri iliyonse imakhala pamitundu yake. North America ili kum'mwera kwa North America. Amapezeka m'maiko ambiri aku US, kuyambira California kumadzulo mpaka kumalire a Louisiana kum'mawa. Kumpoto, amagawidwa mpaka Oregon, Wyoming ndi Kansas. Pafupifupi theka la malo awo ali ku Mexico - ena mwa iwo amakhala mdera lonse lakumpoto ndi chapakati, pafupifupi kudera la mzinda wa Puebla kumwera. Nyama izi nthawi zambiri zimapezeka m'malo osapitirira 1,000 - 1,300 mita pamwamba pa nyanja, koma zimatha kukhala m'mapiri mpaka mamita 3,000. Mtundu wachiwiri umakhala kumwera chakumwera, ndipo mtundu wake umayambira kumene umathera mumtundu woyamba ... Mulinso mayiko akumwera kwa Mexico monga Vercarus, Oaxaca, Chiapas, Yucatan ndi ena.
Komanso, mtundu uwu umakhala m'chigawo cha mayiko ena:
- Belize;
- El Salvador;
- Guatemala;
- Honduras;
- Costa Rica;
- Panama.
Popeza nyamayi imakhala yopanda malire pazakudya, siyofunika kwambiri pamtunda kuti ikhalemo, ndipo imatha kukhazikika m'malo osiyanasiyana. Nthawi zambiri amakonda malo okhala ndi miyala, ziphuphu, nkhalango zowirira kapena thundu. Amatha kukhala m'malo okhala zitsamba, makamaka mlombwa, chaparral. Pali ma kamitsli ambiri pafupi ndi gombe, ngakhale amatha kukhala m'malo ouma, ngakhale m'zipululu - koma nthawi yomweyo amasankha malo pafupi ndi gwero la madzi. Anthu ena samakhazikika m'chipululu nthawi zonse - ena, m'malo mwake, amakonda kusankha malo pafupi ndi anthu. Mitundu ya Central America imakhala m'nkhalango zam'malo otentha zamitundu yonse yayikulu, imakonda mabulosi amtchire, komanso imakhalamo zitsamba. Amapezeka m'malo osiyanasiyana, kuyambira chinyezi mpaka chouma. Koma samakondabe chinyezi chochuluka ndipo, ngati kugwa mvula kwa nthawi yayitali, amasamukira kumadera ouma.
Tsopano mukudziwa komwe amakhala kakomitsli. Tiyeni tiwone chomwe amadya.
Kodi kakomitli amadya chiyani?
Chithunzi: Kami waku Central America
Amatha kudya zakudya zamasamba komanso zanyama. Amakonda kwambiri omaliza. Amatha kusaka osati tizilombo ndi mbewa zokha, komanso nyama zazikulu - mwachitsanzo, agologolo ndi akalulu. Makoswe amawonongedwa bwino kwambiri - kale, anthu ena nthawi zambiri amawongoleredwa chifukwa cha izi.
Amasakanso abuluzi, njoka, komanso kugwira mbalame. Nthawi zambiri amayang'ana nyama yomwe ili pafupi ndi matupi amadzi, komwe amakumana ndi amphibiya osiyanasiyana. Titha kunena kuti kakomycli amatha kudya pafupifupi cholengedwa chilichonse kuti ali ndi mphamvu zokwanira komanso zolimba kuti agwire - amakonda kwambiri chakudya. Makina am'mimba ndi okwanira - osakwanira kupukusa nyama zapoizoni, koma okwanira kudya nyama yowola, zomwe amachita akalephera kugwira nyama yamoyo. Amakhala nthawi yayitali akusaka - amasaka nyama, amayesa kutenga mphindi yabwino kuti aukire, chifukwa nthawi zina omwe amawazunza amatha kumenya nkhondo.
Amakonda kudya zipatso ndi zipatso zina, makamaka amakonda ma persimmon ndi nthochi, nthawi zambiri amadya zipatso za mlombwa ndi mistletoe. Amatha kudya zipatso zamtengo wapatali ndikumwa madzi amtengo. Zachidziwikire, chakudya cha nyama ndi chopatsa thanzi, chifukwa anthu ena amakonda, komabe kubzala chakudya kumakhala gawo lalikulu la chakudya chawo. Kuchuluka kwake kumatengera nyengo, komanso dera lomwe nyama limakhalamo. Ena amakhala mchipululu, opanda zomera, motero amayenera kusaka zochulukirapo, ena - m'mphepete mwa nyanja mwambiri, pomwe nthawi yakucha ya zipatso ndi zipatso palibe chifukwa chosakira, chifukwa pali chakudya chochuluka mozungulira.
Makhalidwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Kakomitsli m'chilengedwe
Yogwira madzulo ndi usiku. Masana amapita ku zisa, zokonzedwa m'makona amitengo, ming'alu pakati pamiyala, m'mapanga kapena nyumba zosiyidwa. Popeza amakwera bwino kwambiri, amatha kukhala m'malo ovuta kufikako, chifukwa chake malo otetezeka. Anthu ena amapuma mmenemo dzuwa likuima - nyamazi nthawi zambiri sizimakonda kutentha. Gawo - mwamuna aliyense amakhala ndi gawo lalikulu, pafupifupi mahekitala 80-130, "chuma" chachikazi sichokulirapo. Kuphatikiza apo, malo amuna sangathe kudutsana, koma mwa amuna ndi akazi mphambano yotere imachitika nthawi zambiri. Nthawi zambiri, oyandikana nawo amapanga banja nthawi yamasana.
Oimira mitundu yakumpoto kwa America amalemba malire a gawo lawo ndi mkodzo ndi zotulutsa zobisika kuchokera kumatumbo a anal. Anthu aku Central America samachita izi, komanso salola kuti alendo abwere kwa iwo: amawawopseza ndi mawu awo, pomwe amatha kufuula kwambiri, kukuwa kapena kukuwa. Kamomytsli atakhwima, amapita kukafunafuna malo akeawo, osakhalamo ndi ena. Nthawi zina amayenda maulendo ataliatali, ndipo ngati sakupeza malo ake, atha kukhala pagulu. Izi ndizofala m'malo omwe kumakhala nyama zambiri. Kwa ena, chitukuko choterechi sichabwino - pagulu amayamba kukhala moyo wosochera, mikangano ingabuke pakati pa nyama zomwe zilimo. Izi ndichifukwa choti poyambirira akadali osungulumwa ndipo zimawavuta kuti azikhala bwino ndi abale.
Koma izi sizitanthauza kuti sangayanjanitsidwe ndi anthu - atha kukhala okoma mtima komanso okonda ziweto, komabe, ndikofunikira kuti atengeredwe ku ukapolo kuchokera kubadwa. Mawu a kakomyli amatha kukhala odabwitsa kwambiri - ali ndi kamvekedwe kakang'ono, ndipo ambiri aiwo amawoneka ngati kulira kofewa kapena kutsokomola. Achinyamata amathanso kulira ndikulira, ndipo amathanso kulira modabwitsa, ndizolemba zachitsulo. Anthu ena amakonda kulankhulana ndipo ndi ochezeka, koma kuzolowera momwe amachitira sikophweka. Mukayesa kugwira nyamayi, ndiye kuti ipereka chinsinsi chonunkhira bwino chomwe cholinga chake ndi kuwopseza adani. Mwachilengedwe, amakhala zaka 7-10, kenako amakalamba ndipo sangathenso kusaka kwambiri, ndipo amakhala pachiwopsezo cha adani. Ali mu ukapolo, amatha kukhala ndi moyo wautali - zaka 15-18.
Kakhalidwe ndi kubereka
Chithunzi: Kakomytsli Cub
Makamaka amakhala okha, koma nthawi zina amatayikabe m'magulu - izi zimagwira makamaka kwa iwo omwe asintha moyo wawo wonse chifukwa chokhala pafupi ndi anthu. Nyama zotere zimatha kudya m'malo otaya zinyalala ndipo nthawi zambiri zimakhala ngati agalu osochera. Mwamwayi, zambiri mwa nyamazi sizinasinthe moyo wawo - zimakhala m'chipululu chokha ndipo zimakonda kusaka m'malo mongofunafuna zinyalala. Kamitsli yotere imangopanga awiriwo kumayambiriro kwa nyengo yoswana - izi zimachitika mu February kapena miyezi ingapo ikubwerayi.
Akakwatirana, mkazi amafufuza malo oti angaberekere - iyi iyenera kukhala khola lobisika komanso lotchinga, lomwe ndi lovuta kuyandikira. Nthawi zambiri amakhala malo amodzi, koma samaberekera m'mapanga awo. Amuna samachita nawo izi mwanjira iliyonse ndipo nthawi zambiri amasiya akazi.
Ngakhale pali zosiyana: pali amuna omwe amasamalira ana akabadwa, idyetsani ndikuphunzitsa. Koma sizimachitika kawirikawiri. Zimatenga pafupifupi miyezi iwiri kuti mkazi abereke, choncho anawo nthawi zambiri amawonekera mu Meyi kapena Juni, amakhala mpaka asanu.
Ana obadwa okha ndi ochepa kwambiri - amalemera 25-30 g, ndipo alibe chitetezo chokwanira. Mwezi woyamba amadya mkaka wa amayi okha, ndipo kumapeto kwake, kapena mwezi wachiwiriwo, maso awo amatseguka. Pambuyo pake, amayesa zakudya zina, koma amapitilizabe kudya mkaka. Pofika miyezi itatu, amaphunzira kusaka, ndipo pambuyo pa mwezi wina amasiya amayi awo ndikuyamba kukhala padera. Kakitsli amakhala wokhwima pogonana atakwanitsa miyezi 10 - panthawi imeneyi nyengo yotsatira yoberekera iyamba.
Adani achilengedwe a kakomycli
Chithunzi: Kakomytsli
Nyama iyi ndi yaying'ono kukula, motero imatha kukhala nyama ya adani ambiri.
Nthawi zambiri amasakidwa:
- nkhandwe;
- lynx;
- puma;
- nkhandwe yofiira;
- nkhandwe;
- kadzidzi.
Ngati imodzi mwaziwombankhangazi ikuyandikira, kakomytsli amayesetsa kubisala m'malo ovuta kufikako, pogwiritsa ntchito luso lake. Nthawi zambiri pano zimawonetsera zonse: zolusa nthawi zambiri zimawona bwino ndikumva, zomwe amagwiritsa ntchito kudabwitsa anthu ena, koma nyamayi siyophweka.
Iwo Finyani mu ming'alu yopapatiza, kumene chilombo sangathe kuwafikira, ndipo patapita kanthawi iye amataya mtima ndi kusiya kufunafuna nyama yatsopano. Ngati sizikanatheka kuchita izi ndipo mtundu wina wa zinthu umagwera m'manja kapena zikhadabo, ndiye kuti umatulutsa chinsinsi chonunkhira, umapinditsa mchira ndikutulutsa ubweya, kukhala wowoneka wokulirapo.
Zonsezi zidapangidwa kuti ziwopsyeze wowomberayo, koma nyama zambiri zomwe zimasaka nyama zamtundu wina zimadziwa bwino za izi. Komabe, kununkhira koyipa kumatha kuwasokoneza ndikuwalola kuti atuluke. Zolusa, zosazolowera nyama zoterezi, zimatha kumulola kuti apite, poganiza kuti kukwera mtengo ndikokwera mtengo.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti: Ofunafuna akayamba kakimitsli kusaka makoswe, adawapangira bokosi lapadera ndikuyika malo otentha. Tsiku lonse chiweto chimagona mmenemo, ndipo amayesa kuti asamusokoneze - ndiye usiku adatuluka ali ndi mphamvu ndikuyamba kusaka.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Chithunzi: Kakomitsli ku America
Zonsezi ndi zina mwazovuta kwambiri. Malo awo amakhala otakata ndipo, ngakhale ali mderalo, pali nyama zambiri m'chilengedwe. Amaloledwa ngakhale kusaka, ndipo chaka chilichonse ku United States kokha, alenje amakolola zikopa 100,000 - komabe, sizofunika kwambiri. Zowonongeka pakusaka anthu sizofunikira. Kuwunika kwake molondola kumakhala kovuta, popeza nyama zambiri zimakonda kukhala m'makona akutali, koma zikuwoneka kuti mitundu yonse iwiri ikuyimiridwa ndi anthu makumi khumi.
Malo okhalamo a kamitsli ndi nkhalango, amadalira, chifukwa chake kuwononga nkhalango ku Central America kumakhudza anthu a nyama izi. Amataya malo awo okhala, amayamba kuyendayenda m'magulu ndikuwononga zokolola zachikhalidwe, nthawi yawo yokhala ndi moyo imachepa, ndipo palibe zifukwa zoberekera. Chifukwa chake, ku Costa Rica ndi Belize, akuwerengedwa kuti ali pachiwopsezo ndipo akutengedwa kuti ateteze anthu akumaloko.
Chosangalatsa: Dzina lachilatini la mtunduwo limamasuliridwa kuti "chanterelle", ndipo mawu oti kamitsli omwewo amamasuliridwa kuchokera ku Aztec ngati "theka-mind". Iwo ali ndi dzina lachingerezi ringtail chifukwa cha mikwingwirima kumchira. Koma mndandandawo sunathere pomwepo: m'mbuyomu nthawi zambiri amaphunzitsidwa m'malo okhala anthu ogwira ntchito m'migodi, motero dzina loti "mphaka wa mgodi" anali kumbuyo kwawo.
Kukhala m'malo achilengedwe ndikuwatsogolera moyo wawo wanthawi zonse ena Samasokoneza anthu konse, ndipo ngakhale samakumana nawo kawirikawiri: ngakhale nyama iyi ili ponseponse ku North America, sikuti aliyense amadziwa za izo. Ngati mutenga munthu wamtundu wina kulowa nawo m'nyumba kubadwa, ndiye kuti adzakhala chiweto chabwino ndipo adzalumikizidwa ndi eni ake.
Tsiku lofalitsa: 07/24/2019
Idasinthidwa: 07.10.2019 pa 12:05
