Kakapo - parrot yapadera, imodzi yamtunduwu. Yakopa chidwi cha akatswiri azachilengedwe komanso omenyera nyama monga ili pafupi kutha. Kakapo ndizosangalatsa chifukwa amalumikizana mofunitsitsa ndi anthu ndipo amakhala ochezeka kwa mbalame zina zambiri zamtchire. Tiyeni tiwone chifukwa chake parrot uyu ndi wapadera.
Chiyambi cha mitundu ndi kufotokozera
Chithunzi: Kakapo
Kakapo ndi kachilombo kakang'ono kamene kali m'banja la Nestoridae. Chodziwikiratu cha omwe siosabala ndikuti amakhala ku New Zealand kokha ndipo akuphatikiza oyimira omwe akuwopsezedwa kuti atha:
- kea;
- South Island ndi koko wa North Island;
- norfolk kaka, mtundu wosakhalakonso. Mbalame yomaliza inamwalira ku London Home Zoo mu 1851;
- kakapo, kine kine kyadi ku kupwila kwa pa bula;
- Chatham Kaka - Malinga ndi asayansi, mtundu uwu unatha zaka za m'ma 1700. Maonekedwe ake sakudziwika, chifukwa zotsalira zake zokha ndi zomwe zinagwidwa.
Banja la Nesterov ndi mbalame yakale kwambiri, yomwe makolo ake apamtima amakhala padziko lapansi zaka 16 miliyoni. Chifukwa chakutha kwambiri ndikukula kwamayiko aku New Zealand: mbalame zinagwidwa ngati zikho, amasakidwa masewera. Kuwonongeka kwa malo awo achilengedwe kunakhudzanso kuchuluka kwawo.
Banja la Nesterov ndilovuta kuzika mizu kulikonse kunja kwa gawo la New Zealand, chifukwa chake kuwaberekera m'malo osungira kumakhala kovuta kwambiri. Iwo ali ndi mayina awo kuchokera ku mafuko a Maori - nzika zaku New Zealand. Mawu oti "kaka", malinga ndi chilankhulo chawo, amatanthauza "parrot", ndipo "po" amatanthauza usiku. Chifukwa chake, kakapo amatanthauza "parrot usiku", zomwe zimagwirizana ndi moyo wake wakusiku.
Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Parrot Kakapo
Kakapo ndi chinkhwe chachikulu, kutalika kwake kwa thupi kumafikira pafupifupi masentimita 60. Parrotyo imalemera kuchokera pa 2 mpaka 4 kg. Nthenga zambiri zimakhala zobiriwira zobiriwira zomwe zimaphatikizidwa ndi chikasu chakuda ndi chakuda - utoto uwu umapatsa mbalame kubisala m'nkhalango. Pamutu pa kakapo, nthenga zimakhala zoyera kwambiri, zazitali - chifukwa cha mawonekedwe ake, mbalameyi imamvera kulira kwapafupi.
Kanema: Kakapo
Makakapo ali ndi milomo yayikulu yakuda yopindika, mchira wakuda wokulirapo, miyendo yayifupi yayikulu ndi zala zazikulu - imasinthidwa kuti izitha kuthamanga mwachangu ndikudumpha zopinga zazing'ono. Mbalameyi samagwiritsa ntchito mapiko ake kuti iwuluke - yataya mwayi wouluka, ndikupatsa mwayi wothamanga, chifukwa chake mapikowo adafupikitsidwa ndikuyamba kutenga gawo pokhala mbalame ikakwera phiri.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti: Chifukwa cha disc yoyera kumaso, mbalame zotchedwa zinkhwe izi zimatchedwanso "mbalame zotchedwa zinkhwe", chifukwa chimbalechi ndi chofanana ndi chomwe mitundu yambiri ya akadzidzi imakhala nayo.
Chifukwa chakuchepa kouluka, mafupa a kakapo amasiyana m'mapangidwe ndi mafupa a zinkhwe zina, kuphatikiza ochokera kubanja la Nesterov. Ali ndi sternum yaying'ono yokhala ndi keel yotsika yomwe imafupikitsidwa pang'ono ndipo imawoneka ngati yopanda chitukuko. Chiuno chimakhala chokulirapo - izi zimalola kuti ma kakapo azitha kuyenda bwino pansi. Mafupa a miyendo ndi yaitali komanso olimba; mafupa a mapiko ndi afupikitsa, komanso ndi olimba, poyerekeza ndi mafupa a zinkhwe zina.
Amuna, monga lamulo, amakhala akulu kuposa akazi, koma alibe kusiyana kwina kulikonse. Mawu a amuna ndi akazi a kakapo ndi osokosera, akulira - amuna amalira pafupipafupi ndipo mawu awo amakhala omveka kwambiri. Pakati pa nyengo ya kukwatira, "kuyimba" koteroko kumatha kukhala kusisilira kosasangalatsa. Koma nthawi zambiri, kakapo amakhala mbalame zachete komanso zosakhazikika zomwe zimakonda kukhala mobisa.
Chosangalatsa: Kakapos amanunkhira mwamphamvu, koma kununkhira kwawo ndikosangalatsa kokwanira - kumafanana ndi fungo la uchi, phula ndi maluwa.
Kakapo amakhala kuti?
Chithunzi: Kakapo mwachilengedwe
Kakapo imangopezeka pazilumba za New Zealand. Ambiri mwa anthuwa adapulumuka kumwera chakumadzulo kwa South Island. Kakapo amakhala m'malo otentha, chifukwa mtundu wake umasinthidwa kuti uzibisala m'nkhalango zowirira zobiriwira. Zimakhala zovuta kuti anthu apeze kakapos, chifukwa amadzibisalira mwatchire ndi udzu wamtali.
Kakapo ndi ka paroti yekhayo amene amakumba maenje. Amuna ndi akazi omwe amakhala ndi maenje awo, omwe amakumba ndi zikhomo zolimba kwambiri. Malo otentha ndi achinyezi, koma ngakhale nthawi zina za chilala, sizingakhale zovuta kuti parrot atenge nthaka youma ndi zikhadabo zake.
Chosangalatsa: Ngakhale miyendo ya kakapo ndiyolimba kwambiri, ndi zikhadabo zamphamvu, kakapo ndi mbalame yamtendere kwambiri yomwe sadziwa kuteteza ndi kuukira.
Kwa kabowo ka kakapo, mizu ya mitengo kapena zodumpha mu tchire zimasankhidwa. Malowo atakhala obisika kwambiri, amakhala bwino, chifukwa kakapo imabisala m'mabowo ake masana. Chifukwa chakuti usiku mbalame imatha kuyenda makilomita angapo kukafunafuna chakudya, sikakhala ndi nthawi yokwanira yobwereranso kubowola lomwe idatuluka masana. Chifukwa chake, kakapo mmodzi, monga lamulo, ali ndi mink zingapo.
Ma kakapos amapanga maenje awo mosamala kwambiri: nthambi zowuma, masamba a udzu ndi masamba amakoka pamenepo. Mwanzeru mbalameyi imakumba zitseko ziwiri zoloba kuti, zikawopsa, itha kuthawa, chifukwa chake maenje a kakapo nthawi zambiri amakhala ngalande zazifupi. Kwa anapiye, akazi nthawi zambiri amadzipangira okha chipinda chogona, koma nthawi zina ngakhale opanda anapiye, kakapo amakumba "zipinda" ziwiri mdzenjemo.
Kakapo ndizovuta kuzika mizu kwina kulikonse kupatula zilumba za New Zealand. Izi zimachitika makamaka chifukwa cha maluwa amtundu winawake womwe umathandizira kuyamba kwa nyengo yawo yokwatirana.
Kodi kakapo amadya chiyani?
Chithunzi: Kakapo wochokera ku Red Book
Kakapos ndi mbalame zodyetsa zokha. Mtengo wa dacridium wokhala ndi zipatso zake ndi chakudya chomwe amakonda kwambiri a kakapo. Pofuna zipatso, mbalame zimakonzeka kukwera pamwamba pamitengo, pogwiritsa ntchito miyendo yolimba ndipo nthawi zina zimauluka kuchokera ku nthambi kupita kunthambi.
Zosangalatsa: Nthawi yakukhwima ya kakapo nthawi zambiri imagwirizana ndi maluwa a dacridium. Mwina ichi ndi chifukwa chake kuswana kopambana kwa mbalame zomwe zidagwidwa.
Kuphatikiza pa zipatso zake, kakapo amadyerera:
- zipatso;
- zipatso;
- mungu wamaluwa;
- mbali zofewa za udzu;
- bowa;
- mtedza;
- ubweya;
- mizu yofewa.
Mbalame zimakonda chakudya chofewa, ngakhale milomo yawo imatha kugaya ulusi wolimba. Kawirikawiri amasenzetsa zipatso kapena udzu uliwonse ndi milomo yawo kukhala bumbu, kenako ndikudya mosangalala.
Makakapo atadya chomera chilichonse kapena zipatso, zotupa zokhala ndi ulusi zimatsalira pazinyalala zakudyazo - awa ndi malo omwe mbalameyi idatafuna ndi mulomo wake. Ndizochokera kwa iwo kuti munthu amvetse kuti kakapo amakhala kwinakwake pafupi. Pogwidwa, mbalameyi imadyetsedwa ndi zakudya zokoma zopangidwa kuchokera ku masamba osindikizidwa, zipatso, mtedza ndi zitsamba. Mbalame zimanenepa msanga ndipo zimaswana mosavuta zikakhuta.
Tsopano mukudziwa chomwe chinadyedwa ndi parrot kakapo. Tiyeni tiwone momwe akukhalira kuthengo.
Makhalidwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Mbalame ya Kakapo
A Kakapos amakonda kukhala kutali wina ndi mnzake, ngakhale madera awo nthawi zambiri amakhala - ngakhale amuna samachita nkhanza kwa amuna anzawo. Zimakhala mbalame usiku, zimatuluka m'manda awo madzulo ndikukhala usiku wonse kufunafuna chakudya.
Kakapo ndi mbalame zokoma mtima komanso zosangalatsa. Iwo adapeza munthu wotereyu pakusintha, popeza pafupifupi sanakumane ndi nyama zachilengedwe m'malo awo. Iwo ali okonzeka kulankhulana, saopa anthu; kakapo apezeka posachedwa kusewera komanso kukonda. Amatha kulumikizidwa ndi munthu, amakonda kumenyedwa ndipo amakhala okonzeka kupempha chithandizo. Sizachilendo kuti kakapo wamwamuna azichita zovina pamaso pa osunga zoo kapena akatswiri azachilengedwe.
Chosangalatsa: Kakapo ndi mbalame zotchedwa zinkhwe zakale - amatha kukhala ndi moyo zaka 90.
Mbalame sizimasinthidwa kuti zizitha kuthawa, koma mapiko awo amawalola kuti azilumphira pamwamba, kukwera mitengo ndi mapiri ena. Kuphatikiza apo, zikhadabo zawo zakuthwa ndi miyendo yolimba zimawapangitsa kukhala okwera kukwera. Kuchokera kutalika, amatsika ndi mapiko awo atafalikira - izi zimawathandiza kuti agwere pansi.
Kudzitchinjiriza kokha komwe kakapo adziwa ndikubisa ndi kuzizira kwathunthu. Pozindikira kuti mdaniyo ali pafupi, mbalameyi imaundana mwadzidzidzi ndipo imangokhala chilili mpaka ngoziyo itachoka. Zowononga ndi anthu ena sawona kakapo ngati sangayende, chifukwa, chifukwa cha mtundu wawo, amaphatikizana ndi malo owazungulira.
Mwambiri, mbalameyi imayenda pafupifupi ma kilomita 8 usiku. Monga lamulo, amayenda pang'onopang'ono, akuyenda uku ndi uku. Koma kakapo imathamanganso mwachangu ndikudumpha modutsa zopinga chifukwa cha zikopa zotukuka.
Kakhalidwe ndi kubereka
Chithunzi: Kakapo anapiye
Monga ma grouse, makapo amphongo amayamba kuponyedwa - kupanga mawu osamveka ofanana ndi kubangula. Phokosoli limamveka pamtunda wamakilomita angapo, lomwe limakopa akazi. Akazi amapita kukafunafuna champhongo chamakono, ndipo amatha kuyenda maulendo ataliatali kuti akampeze.
Amuna amapanga mawu omwe amakopa akazi pogwiritsa ntchito thumba lapakhosi lapadera. Kuti mawu amveke momwe angathere, imakwera phiri - mapiri, ziphuphu, mitengo. Pansi pa mapiriwa, yamphongo imatulutsa dzenje lomwe amalowera usiku uliwonse mpaka atapeza wamkazi akumudikirira kumeneko. Nthawi zina, m'malo mwa wamkazi, yamwamuna imawonekera pamenepo, ndichifukwa chake kumamenyana pang'ono pakati pa mbalame zotchedwa zinkhwe, zomwe zimathera pothawa imodzi ya kakapos.
Atapeza dzenje, wamkazi amakhala mmenemo ndipo amadikirira kuti mwamuna atsike pansi pake. Pakadali pano, amatha kutulutsa mawu okweza omwe amakopa chidwi chake. Mwambiri, kuswana kwamphongo kumatenga pafupifupi miyezi itatu kapena inayi, zomwe ndizolemba pakati pamiyambo yokometsera nyama. Ngati mkaziyo akuwona kuti yamphongo ndi yayikulu mokwanira ndipo nthenga zake ndi zokongola komanso zowala, ndiye kuti avomereza kukwerana.
Amuna amafuna kuti asangalatse akazi: kutsikira kudzenje, amachita zovina zomwe zimaphatikizapo kutembenukira m'malo, kupondaponda, kudandaula ndikukupiza mapiko ake. Mkazi atapanga chisankho chokhudza wamwamuna, amapita kumalo oyandikira chisa. Wamphongo pakadali pano samasiya kukwerana - amabwerera kumtunda wake ndikupitiliza kuitanira akazi.
Akakapo wamkazi atamanga chisa, amabwerera kwa chachimuna chomwe amakonda kukwerako, kenako ndikubwerera kuchisacho. Kuyambira Januware mpaka Marichi, amaikira mazira ake mdzenje lokumbidwa mkati mwa mitengo yowola ndi zitsa. Zovomerezeka mu chisa choterocho ndizolowera ziwiri, zomwe zimapanga ngalande. Kwa pafupifupi mwezi umodzi, yaikazi imasamira mazira awiri oyera, pambuyo pake anapiye amawoneka okutidwa ndi yoyera.
Anapiyewo amakhala ndi amayi awo kwa chaka chimodzi mpaka atakula ndi kulimba. Mkazi nthawi zonse amakhala pafupi ndi chisa, amachitapo kanthu pakamvekedwe kakang'ono ka anapiye. Ngati ali pangozi, mkazi amawaphimba ndi thupi lake ndipo amawoneka owopsa, kuyesera "kutupa" kukula kwakukulu. Pofika zaka zisanu, kakapo iwonso amatha kuswana.
Adani achilengedwe a kakapo
Chithunzi: Parrot Kakapo
Kwa zaka masauzande, ma kakapos analibe adani achilengedwe, ndipo anthu amasungidwa chifukwa cha kuswana kosavuta kwa mbalamezi. Koma pakubwera kwa atsamunda aku Europe, zambiri zasintha - adabweretsa nyama zolusa kuzilumba za New Zealand, zomwe zidayamba kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa mbalame. Kusintha ndi "kuzizira" sikunawapulumutse kwa iwo - njira zokhazokha zodzitetezera zomwe anali ndi kakapo.
Zowononga omwe amapundula ziwombankhanga:
- amphaka;
- ziphuphu;
- agalu;
- makoswe - adawononga kakapo kakang'ono ndikupha anapiye.
Amphaka ndi zidole zinanunkhiza mbalame, motero kubisala sikunapulumutse mbalame zotchedwa zinkhwe. Pofika 1999, makamaka chifukwa cha odyetserako ziweto, akazi 26 okha ndi amuna 36 a mbalamezi zinatsala pazilumbazi.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Chithunzi: Kakapo ku New Zealand
Kakapo adatchulidwa mu Red Book, popeza mbalame zotchedwa zinkhwezi zatsala pang'ono kutha - pali 150 zokha zomwe zatsala, ngakhale sizinali kale kwambiri kuti zilumba za New Zealand zidadzazidwa nawo. Zisumbu zisanachitike ndi azungu, mbalame zotchedwa zinkhwe zinatha kutha. A Maori, omwe ndi nzika zaku New Zealand, amasaka mbalamezi, koma amawachitira ulemu, ndipo kusamala ndi kuthamanga kwa kakapo kudawalola kuti athawe kwa aliyense wowatsata.
Asanabwere azungu, kakapo adakumana ndi ngozi ina kuchokera kwa a Maori omwe akutukuka - kudula mitengo mwachangu. Ndikukula kwa njira zatsopano zamasamba, anthu adayamba kudula nkhalango pobzala mbatata, zomwe zidakhudza mbalame zam'madzi.
Koma asayansi amatchula zifukwa zazikulu zomwe anthu ake adayamba kutsika kwambiri:
- kutuluka kwa azungu. Anayamba kusaka mwachangu mbalame zosowa. Nyama ya Kakapo inali yotchuka, komanso mbalame ngati zikho zamoyo, zomwe pambuyo pake zimagulitsidwa kuti zikhazikike m'nyumba. Zachidziwikire, popanda chisamaliro choyenera komanso mwayi wobereka, kakapos adawonongeka;
- pamodzi ndi azungu, zolusa zinafika kuzilumbazi - makoswe, agalu, amphaka, martens. Onsewa adachepetsa kwambiri kuchuluka kwa kakapo, komwe sikanatha kubisala kwa adani odyera usiku;
- kuswana kawirikawiri. Miyambo yambiri, yomwe ndi yosowa kwambiri, sichulukitsa anthu. Nthawi zina nyengo yoberekera ya kakapo imagwa ngakhale kamodzi pachaka, zomwe zimakhudza kwambiri kuchuluka kwa mbalame.
Mlonda wa Kakapo
Chithunzi: Kakapo wochokera ku Red Book
Popeza kuti ma kakapos ndi ovuta kuswana mu ukapolo, zochitika zonse zachitetezo ndizolinga zoteteza mbalame m'chilengedwe.
Kuti mbalame zotchedwa zinkhwe ziikire mazira, osataya ana awo ndipo sizifa zokha, anthu amapereka njira zotsatirazi:
- amawononga makoswe, malo obisalamo zina ndi zina zomwe zimadya nyama zomwe zimasaka kakapos, kuwononga nkhonya ndi kuwononga anapiye;
- Patsani mbalame chakudya chowonjezera kuti mbalame zizikhala ndi nthawi yocheperako kufunafuna chakudya ndipo nthawi zambiri zimakonza masewera olimbitsa thupi, kusamalira ana kwambiri ndikusowa njala. Akakhuta, akazi amatayira mazira ambiri;
- Popeza kakapo ndi mbalame yophunziridwa pang'ono, asayansi adayamba kubala m'ndende abale apafupi kwambiri a kakapo - kaku kumpoto ndi kumwera kwa kaku ndi kea, kuti adziwe momwe amakhalira ndi machitidwe awo. Izi zikuthandizani kumvetsetsa zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kakapo aswane bwino.
Komabe, mwayi wochira anthu ndi ochepa kwambiri, mbalame zotchedwa zinkhwe zimaberekana pang'onopang'ono komanso monyinyirika. Kakapo ndiye yekhayo woyimira mbalame zotchedwa kadzidzi, choncho palibe njira yodutsira kakapo ndi mitundu ina kuti isunge pang'ono.
Chifukwa chake, tidakumana ndi kakapo - mbalame yapadera yodziwika bwino komanso yosangalatsa yochokera ku New Zealand. Zimasiyana ndi ma parrot ena m'njira zambiri: kulephera kuwuluka kwa nthawi yayitali, moyo wapadziko lapansi, masewera a nthawi yayitali komanso kungokhulupirira zilizonse. Tikuyembekeza kuti anthu kakapo idzachira chaka ndi chaka, ndipo palibe chomwe chingawopseze kuchuluka kwake.
Tsiku lofalitsa: 12.07.2019
Tsiku losintha: 09/24/2019 ku 22:21
