Ndodo yokongola komanso yokongola ngati galu wam'madzi, imawonjezera pamndandanda wazoweta. Izi sizosadabwitsa, chifukwa kusisita fluffy wokongola ngati uyu ndikosangalatsa, ndipo kumuwonera kumakhala kosangalatsa kwambiri. Tiyeni tiyesere kuzindikira galu wam'misewu mosiyanasiyana, osangoganizira zakunja kokha, komanso mawonekedwe ake, zokonda zake, malo okhalamo kosatha komanso moyo wamba.
Chiyambi cha mitundu ndi kufotokozera
Chithunzi: Galu wa Prairie
Galu wam'mundawu ndi mbewa ya banja la agologolo. Banja ili ndilokulirapo, kuphatikiza nyama zomwe zimawoneka mosiyanasiyana komanso momwe amakhalira, zomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi chiyambi chimodzi komanso zina mwazomwe zimapangidwira.
Achibale onse agologolo agawika m'magulu atatu:
- agologolo agulu;
- agologolo oyenda;
- agologolo agulu.
Agalu otchedwa Prairie ndi agologolo apadziko lapansi, dzina lomwe limamasuliridwa kuchokera ku chilankhulo chachi Greek kuti "mbewa-mbewa". Kunja, makoswe amafanana kwambiri ndi nyamalikiti ndi agologolo aganyu. Kenako funso lodzifunira limabuka: "Chifukwa chiyani amatchedwa agalu?" Likukhalira kuti zonse ndi za phokoso lomwe amapanga, amafanana ndi kukuwa kwa mwana wagalu.
Asayansi amasiyanitsa mitundu isanu ya agalu am'misewu, kuti mutha kukumana m'mapiri ataliatali:
- galu wazitsamba zoyera;
- Galu waku Mexico;
- Galu wam'munda wa Gunnison;
- galu wakuda wakuda;
- Galu wam'munda wa Yutka.
Ndizosatheka kudziwa nthawi yomweyo mtundu wa galu wamtchire patsogolo panu ndi mawonekedwe ake akunja, chifukwa onse ndi ofanana, amasiyanitsidwa ndi mawonekedwe ena, mwachitsanzo, kapangidwe ndi kukula kwa mano. Kusiyana kwake kulinso m'mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana amtundu uliwonse, womwe mtundu uliwonse umakhala nawo. Malangizo a michira agalu aku Mexico ndi akuda ndi akuda ndi akuda, pomwe mitundu ina ndi yoyera. Kusiyanitsa pakati pa zamoyo kumawonekeranso pantchito yawo yofunikira, koma izi sizimakhudza chidziwitso chakunja mwanjira iliyonse, chifukwa chake ndi katswiri wodziwa yekha komanso wodziwa bwino yemwe amatha kusiyanitsa pakati pa mitunduyo.
Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Galu waku Prairie waku Mexico
Onaninso kuti m'maonekedwe ake onse galu wam'mapiri amafanana ndi nyamayi. Makulidwe ake amasiyana masentimita 30 mpaka 38, ndipo kulemera kwake kumasiyana kilogalamu imodzi ndi theka (nthawi zina zitsanzo zimakhala zolemera kwambiri). Zazimayi ndizocheperako ndipo zimalemera mopepuka kuposa amuna. Ndi kukula ndi kulemera uku, agalu amawoneka onenepa, amakhala ndi matupi olimba. Chifukwa cha chiwerengerochi, makoswe amawoneka ovuta. Thupi lawo ndi lokulirapo, ndipo miyendo ndi mchira ndi zazifupi.
Mitundu ya nyama izi imatha kutchedwa kubisa, chifukwa zimagwirizana bwino ndi malo oyandikana nawo. Gulu la agaluwo ndi lonyansa lachikaso kapena laimvi lachikaso, nthawi zina ndi mtundu winawake wofiyira. Mimba imakhala ndi mawu opepuka. Mutu, poyerekeza ndi kamvekedwe ka thupi, umawoneka wakuda. Nkhope yake imakongoletsedwa ndi mizere yoyera, yomwe imawonekera kwambiri pachibwano komanso pafupi ndi mphuno.
Kanema: Galu la Prairie
Mutu wa agalu okhala m'mapiri ali ndi mawonekedwe ozungulira komanso mphuno yokongola yokhala ndi maso akulu, akuda, otakata omwe mosatopa amayang'ana malo awo. Makutu a makoswe ndi ang'onoang'ono kwambiri mwakuti amakhala osawoneka pansi pa malayawo. Agalu ali ndi mano akuluakulu akulu komanso timitsuko tating'onoting'ono tomwe takhala pa nsagwada. Ngati ndi kotheka, chakudya chimayikidwa m'matumba, monga m'matumba amtambo.
Pa miyendo yaifupi ya makoswe, kuli zala zolimba zokhala ndi zikhadabo zazitali, zomwe ndizolimba kwambiri komanso zamphamvu, zimawoneka. Chala chachitatu chakuphazi chakutsogolo chimatsogola kutsogolo ndipo chimakhala chotalikirapo pang’ono kuposa china chonsecho. Tiyenera kudziwa kuti ngakhale miyendo ndi yayifupi, ndi yamphamvu kwambiri, chifukwa imasinthidwa kuti ikumbe ma labyrinths ataliatali kwambiri. Mapazi a agalu akudambo amakhala okutidwa ndi tsitsi. Mchirawo umakhala ndi utoto wofananira ndi thupi lonse, kokha mu agalu aku Mexico ndi amiyendo yakuda imakhala ndi nsonga yakuda. Kutalika kwake kumakhala kwa masentimita 4 mpaka 11.
Kodi galu wam'madzi amakhala kuti?
Chithunzi: Agalu a Prairie
Agalu a Prairie amakhala kwanthawi zonse m'chigawo cha North America, kapena m'malo mwake, m'mapiri ake. Makoswe amakhala kudera lakumwera kwa chigawo cha Saskatchewan, chomwe chili ku Canada, ndikupitilizabe kuwukira mayiko angapo aku US.
Chifukwa chake agalu am'munda amatha kupezeka mu:
- Kansas;
- Kulowera;
- Kumpoto ndi South Dakota;
- Texas;
- Nebraska;
- Utah;
- Montana;
- Oklahoma;
- Colorado;
- New Mexico;
- Arizona.
Agalu a Prairie aku Northern and Central Mexico asankha. Amakonda mapiri a m'chipululu komanso achikale, pomwe kulibe zomera zazitali, sizitanthauza kuti amatchedwa madambo, chifukwa chokwanira kukhala ndi udzu wawufupi kapena wapakatikati. Malo agulu louma lomwe lili kufupi ndi gwero lina lamadzi ndi malo abwino kukhalamo agologolo amenewa. Agalu amayesetsa kupewa dothi lonyowa kwambiri komanso malo otsika. Nyama zimawonedwanso m'mapiri kumtunda wopitilira makilomita atatu. Agalu a Prairie amakhala limodzi m'makumba okumba, makonde omwe amakhala mizinda yokhwima pansi, pomwe pali malo osiyanasiyana.
Chosangalatsa: Ma labyrinths a ngalande zapansi panthaka amatha kutalika kwa mita 350, ndikutsika mpaka 5 mita kuya.
Tsopano mukudziwa komwe galu wam'mapiri amakhala. Tiyeni tiwone chomwe amadya.
Kodi galu wam'madzi amadya chiyani?
Chithunzi: Galu wa Prairie mwachilengedwe
Ngakhale agalu okhala m'matanthwe amawoneka onenepa kwambiri komanso osakhazikika pang'ono, mndandanda wawo umayang'aniridwa ndi ndiwo zamasamba. Maziko a chakudya cha agalu ndi udzu, koma nthawi zina mbewa zimadya mitundu yonse ya tizilombo, ndikubwezeretsanso kuchuluka kwa mapuloteni mthupi. Pofunafuna chakudya chawo, agalu a kumidzi samasunthira kutali ndi maenje awo.
Makoswe akamwe zoziziritsa kukhosi pa:
- maluwa;
- mbewu;
- masamba;
- masamba ndi mphukira za zomera zosiyanasiyana;
- zipatso zakupsa;
- mtedza.
M'malo okondedwa ndi agalu a m'nkhalango, udzuwo umayenda bwino, ndipo nthaka imawonekera bwino. Agalu amawonda mosamala zomera zapafupi, zomwe zimasokoneza mawonekedwe awo. Chifukwa chakuti agalu ndi omwe amapikisana nawo pachakudya cha ng'ombe, nthawi zambiri amavutika ndi ziwopsezo za alimi, omwe m'njira iliyonse yotheka amawachotsa m'malo okhala anthu.
Makoswe okongola awa sangatchulidwe olimba, chifukwa samasunga zomwe adzagwiritse ntchito mtsogolo, samamanga zipinda zosungira, monga mbewa zambiri. Mitundu ina imabisala m'nyengo yozizira, pomwe yomwe ili maso imadya pafupifupi zomera zilizonse zomwe zimapezeka m'nyengo yozizira.
Kuphatikiza pa udzu watsopano, agalu okhwima okhazikika omwe amakhala kundende amadyetsedwa:
- mtedza;
- masamba ndi zipatso;
- tirigu;
- udzu.
M'dzinja, agalu amadya masamba akugwa ndi chisangalalo. Zakudya zawo zimakhala zofanana ndi za nkhumba.
Makhalidwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Galu waku Prairie waku Mexico
Agalu a Prairie ndi nyama zogwirizana komanso zokonda kucheza, zomwe zimakhala mdera lalikulu, momwe mumatha kukhala anthu masauzande angapo. Nyama zimagwira ntchito masana, sikuti zimangodyetsa, komanso zochita zina za tsiku ndi tsiku. Iwo, monga ma marmot kapena gophers, amakonda kuyimirira mzati m'miyendo yawo yakumbuyo ndikuwunika komwe akuzungulira.
Gulu la agalu limagawika m'mabanja okhala ndi amuna awiri, akazi angapo (kuyambira 3 mpaka 5) ndi ana, pamitundu isanu ndi umodzi mpaka makumi atatu. Maubwenzi apabanja pakati pa agalu ndi ofunda kwambiri komanso oyandikana, nthawi zambiri nyama zimawoneka zikununkhiza ndikutsuka ubweya wina ndi mnzake.
Chosangalatsa: Banja lirilonse liri ndi ufulu wodziyimira pawokha, chifukwa chake agalu akuyang'anira mosamala katundu wawo. Ngati mlendo awonekera, ndiye kuti mikangano imayamba. Wopambana pa mkanganowu atha kuwonjezera gawo lake, koma osapitilira mita imodzi.
Monga tanena kale, malo okhala mobisa agalu odyetserako ziweto ndi ovuta, ozama komanso okulirapo. Amatsikira mwakuya kuchokera pamamita atatu mpaka asanu, ndipo ali pafupifupi masentimita khumi ndi asanu m'mimba mwake. Ndende yotukuka bwino ndiyodalirika komanso yotetezedwa ku kugumuka kwa nthaka ndi kusefukira kwa madzi.
Chosangalatsa: Pazinyumba zapansi panthaka, zipinda zonse ndizapadera, zina zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zipinda zogona, zina monga zipinda zobadwira, ndipo zina ngati malo opulumutsira anthu amitundu yonse.
Agalu amakhalanso ndi zimbudzi zokumba, zomwe, zikadzazidwa mokwanira, zimayikidwa pansi ndipo zina zatsopano zimakhala ndi zida. Moyo wonse wa makoswe odabwitsowa umaganiziridwa bwino komanso mwadongosolo, aliyense amachita zake, kukwaniritsa ntchito yomwe wapatsidwa.
Pakati pa agalu pali:
- alonda akuonetsetsa kuti chitetezo chilipo;
- omanga akukonzekeretsa ndi kukumba makonde atsopano, kukonza njira zakale;
- aphunzitsi ophunzitsa nyama zazing'ono, kuwaphunzitsa maluso ofunikira amoyo.
Mwambiri, agalu am'misewu amalumikizana kwambiri, akuwonetsa kucheza komanso chikhalidwe. Iwo ali ndi dongosolo lopangidwa bwino la mamvekedwe osiyanasiyana ndi ma siginolo opangidwira zochitika zosiyanasiyana. Amatha kutchulidwa kuti ndi amtendere, ochezeka komanso osamala omwe ali ndi ubale wapabanja.
Chosangalatsa: Mwambo wotchedwa "kupsompsona" umalankhula zakukhulupirirana m'mabanja, pomwe abale apafupi amakhudza pakamwa ngati chizindikiro cha chikondi ndi ulemu.
Galu wakuda wakuderalo amakhala atagalamuka chaka chonse, kutha kwanthawi yayitali sikachilendo kwa iyo, imasunthira mchipale chofewa. Agalu otsalawo ali munthawi yozizira yoimitsidwa makanema ojambula kumapeto kwa Ogasiti mpaka Marichi, chifukwa chake akulemera asanafike kubisala.
Kakhalidwe ndi kubereka
Chithunzi: Banja la agalu a Prairie
Zing'onozing'ono zimadziwika za kuswana kwa agalu a m'nkhalango. Amakhala okhwima pafupi ndi zaka zitatu. Nthawi yaukwati ya makoswewa imachitika kamodzi pachaka, ndipo ngati umuna umachita bwino, makolo amakhala ndi ana. Mimba imatenga masiku 28 mpaka 32, ndipo nthawi zambiri kubereka kumachitika mchaka (Epulo - Meyi).
Chiwerengero cha akhanda chatsopano chimasiyanasiyana kuyambira ana awiri mpaka khumi. Amabadwa osowa chochita, amaliseche komanso akhungu. Patadutsa mwezi umodzi, amayamba kuwona bwino. Ali ndi zaka zisanu ndi ziwiri zakubadwa, makanda amadziyimira pawokha ndipo amayamba kupanga ziwombankhanga kuchokera kubowo. Nthawi yomweyo, amasiya kudyetsa mkaka wa amayi ndikusinthira pazakudya zamasamba.
Chosangalatsa: Kwa agalu, anthu okhwima nthawi zambiri amasiya nyumba zawo, kuwasiya kuti azinyamula nyama kuti azikhalamo, ndipo amadzipangira maenje atsopano pafupi. Izi zikusonyeza kuti nyamazo ndizosamala kwambiri.
Tiyenera kudziwa kuti amuna akulu amakula mabanja awo, ndipo akazi achichepere nthawi zambiri amakhalabe m'banja la makolo. Mwachilengedwe, agalu okhala m'mapiri samakhala motalika kwambiri. Zaka zazimuna nthawi zambiri sizidutsa zaka zisanu, ndipo akazi amakhala mpaka eyiti. Agalu oyamwitsa amatha kukhala ndi moyo zaka 11, chifukwa mu ukapolo, zinthu zimakhala zabwino nthawi zonse, ndipo palibe zoopseza zakunja.
Adani achilengedwe a agalu otamandika
Chithunzi: Galu wa Prairie
Agalu amtendere amtendere amatha kugwidwa ndi zilombo zosiyanasiyana zam'mlengalenga komanso zapansi. Sizachabe kuti makoswe anzeruwa asankha malo okhala kuti akhalepo, chifukwa ndizosavuta kukhala motere m'malo amtchire, pomwe pangozi pobisalira kulikonse. Agalu olondera amakhala tcheru mosatopa, kuyang'anitsitsa malo awo kuti azindikire zoopsa zilizonse zomwe zingabwere kuchokera:
- mbira;
- ma fretire amiyendo yakuda;
- mimbulu;
- Mbalame zaku Mexico;
- nkhwangwa;
- akadzidzi a m'mapanga.
Njira yolumikizirana yolumikizana pakati pa agalu am'misewu imawathandiza kuti azitha kulumikizana okha, komanso kupulumuka munthawi yadzidzidzi. Agalu anzeru mmawu ndipo amafotokozera osati za ngozi yomwe ikuyembekezerayo, komanso afotokozereni yemwe amachokera, kuchokera mbali yomwe mdani akuyandikira, ndi momwe amachitira. Chifukwa cha chenjezo lotere, njira zodzitetezera zimatha kusiyanasiyana, kutengera mdani amene akuyandikira (mbira, mphamba kapena nkhandwe). Agalu amatha kubisala mwachangu, koma akhale pafupi ndi potuluka pakabowo, amatha kupita pansi mobisa, amangoyandikira pafupi ndi khomo loboola.
Chosangalatsa: Akatswiri a zooologiya pamlingo wolumikizana kwambiri amayerekezera agalu akumadambo ndi ma dolphin ndi anyani.
Zokwawa zokwawa zitha kuwopsezanso agalu a m'misambo. Pali umboni wosonyeza kuti zotsalira za makoswewa sizimapezeka m'mimba mwa njoka.
Zachisoni, koma mdani wowawa kwambiri wa agalu am'misewu ndi munthu yemwe adapha anthu omwe kale anali agologolo. Alimi adapha agalu ambiri am'mapiri, omwe, m'malingaliro awo, adadya minda yoti idyetsedwe. Zonsezi zapangitsa kuti kuchuluka kwa nyama kwachepa zochulukirapo, zomwe ndizowawa kwambiri kuzindikira.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Chithunzi: Agalu awiri akumapiri
Kuti tiwone momwe zasinthira mwatsatanetsatane agalu a m'minda, tiyeni titembenukire ku mbiri. Okhazikika azungu, omwe adapezeka m'mapiri aku America mzaka za zana la khumi ndi chisanu ndi chinayi, adapha ziweto zambiri zanyama zam'deralo. Ndiye zolusa zambiri zomwe zimasaka agalu am'midzi zidafera m'manja mwa anthu, zomwe zidadzetsa chiwopsezo chachikulu kuwonjezeka kwa mbewa izi.
Pali zidziwitso kuti koyambirira kwa zaka zapitazi, kudera lalikulu ma kilomita 1000, panali agalu pafupifupi 100 miliyoni, omwe adayamba kuwononga minda ndi msipu. Alimi adayamba kumenya nkhondo yolimbana ndi makoswe, kuwawononga ochulukirapo, zomwe zidachepetsa kwambiri kuchuluka kwawo ndikubweretsa nyama pangozi.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti: Pali zowona zomwe ndizodabwitsa, malinga ndi chidziwitso chawo, mu 1905 kuchuluka kwa agalu a kumidzi omwe amakhala kudera lalikulu la Texas anali pafupifupi anthu 800 miliyoni, koma kumapeto kwa zaka zana anali 2.2 miliyoni okha!
Chifukwa chake, kuchuluka kwa agalu akumadambo kwachepetsedwa kwambiri chifukwa cha nkhanza za anthu, tsopano kuchuluka kwawo kukuchepera pang'onopang'ono, zomwe ndizodetsa nkhawa mabungwe ambiri osamalira omwe akuchitapo kanthu kupulumutsa nyama zodabwitsa izi.
Chitetezo cha agalu
Chithunzi: Galu wa Prairie wochokera ku Red Book
Ndizovuta kukhulupirira kuti galu wam'mapiri kale anali ochulukirapo ndipo sanawopsezedwe kuti atha. Mu kanthawi kochepa, zinthu zasintha kwambiri kotero kuti tsopano mitundu ina imayambitsa nkhawa ndipo imatha kutheratu, chifukwa kuchuluka kwawo kwatsika kwambiri.
Choyambitsa chokhumudwitsa chotere ndi munthu yemwe, nthawi zambiri, amachita malinga ndi zofuna zake, kuyiwala zazing'ono zake. Mwa mitundu isanu ya agalu a m'mapiri, awiri adatchulidwa mu IUCN Red Data Book, kuphatikiza agalu aku Mexico ndi Yuta (Yutas). Yoyamba mwa mitundu yomwe ili pangoziyi yalembedwa mu Zowonjezera I za International Trade Convention.
Udindo wa mitundu iyi ya agalu umanena kuti iliyonse ndi mitundu yaying'ono, yomwe nambala yake ikupitilira kuchepa.Zomwe zimalepheretsa kwambiri ndi zochita za anthu zomwe zimapangitsa kuti nyama zisamuke m'malo omwe zimakhazikika. Pakadali pano, anthu akuyang'anira agalu akumidzi m'minda yamapaki osiyanasiyana ndikuyesera kuwakhazikitsanso m'malo omwe kale munkakhala anthu. Tikukhulupirira kuti njira zachitetezo izi zibweretsa zotsatira zabwino.
Ndikufuna kudziwa izi galu wam'madzi amawoneka okongola komanso amakhalidwe abwino kotero amakweza mtima wawo kamodzi. Mafuta amtunduwu ndi oseketsa, ndipo ndizosangalatsa kuwayang'ana. Sizachabe kuti ambiri adayamba kuzipanga ngati ziweto, chifukwa agalu ndiosavuta kuweta, amakhala ochezeka komanso amakonda kwambiri eni ake.
Tsiku lofalitsa: 08.07.2019
Tsiku losintha: 09/24/2019 ku 21:03
