Zinziri

Zinziri - imodzi mwazofala kwambiri ku Russia, yomwe imasakidwa kuthengo. Komanso, mbalamezi zimasungidwa m'mafakitole a nkhuku ndi minda yanyumba - nyama yawo ndi yokoma kwambiri, ndipo mazira awo amakhala ndi thanzi. Koma mbalame zazing'onozi sizophweka monga momwe zimawonekera poyang'ana koyamba.

Chiyambi cha mitundu ndi kufotokozera

Chithunzi: Zinziri

Zzinziri (kapena zinziri) ndi mbalame ya m'banja la ntchentche. Banja ili limaphatikizapo mitundu isanu ndi itatu yomwe ikupezeka. Amphaka ndi banja losiyanasiyana lokhala ndi mbalame zamitundumitundu, mitundu ya moyo, ndi malo okhala.

Mbalame zosiyanasiyana zimakhala ndi izi:

• mitala;
• mbalame sizimapanga mapaipi a nthawi yayitali, monga lamulo, yamphongo imakhala ndi akazi angapo;
• anatchula yachiwiri kugonana makhalidwe a amuna;
• mtundu wawo umasiyana ndi wamkazi, wowala;
• notch kumapeto kwakumbuyo kwa sternum, phalanx yayifupi ya nambala yakumbuyo;
• spurs, mapiko ozungulira.

Mbalame za m'banjamo zimauluka kawirikawiri, ngakhale zimadziwa momwe zingachitire. Chifukwa cha thupi lolemera, koma lokhathamira komanso khosi loyenda, amathamanga kwambiri ndipo amasankha chisa m'mabanja apansi, muudzu wamtali kapena tchire. Chifukwa cha moyo wamtunduwu, nthawi zambiri amakhala nyama zolanda zazikulu komanso zazing'ono, komanso amakhala chinthu chowedza anthu. Nyama ya Pheasant ndiyofunika kwambiri pamsika wamasewera.

Zosangalatsa: Mitundu ina yamphesa imatha kusakanizana.

Pakakhala chisa, amuna amamenyera kusiya ana. Mazira amayikidwa mu chisa - kukhumudwa pansi, kotsekedwa ndi masamba owuma ndi udzu. Mabanja ena amapanga timagulu tating'ono.

Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe

Chithunzi: Zinziri mbalame

Zinziri ndi kambalame kakang'ono, kakang'ono pafupifupi 16-22 cm. Kulemera kwazimayi kumakhala pafupifupi magalamu 91, yamwamuna kulemera kwake ndi magalamu 130. Nthenga za mbalameyi ndi imvi, yokhala ndi zoyera zazing'ono zoyera - mtundu uwu umapangitsa kuti zizibisala bwino muudzu wouma. Mutu, kumbuyo, mchira uli ndi mikwingwirima yofiira, yachikaso, ndipo pamakhala mabowo oyera ataliatali pamwamba pamaso. Thupi la zinziri ndizokwanira momwe zingathere kubisa ndikuthamanga mwachangu. Thupi lopindika misozi, mchira wawufupi ndi mapiko osongoka limamulola kuti azithamanga akamathamanga. Nthenga sizimasinthidwa kukhala nyengo yanyontho, koma zimapereka kutentha, kuziziritsa thupi kutentha.

Kanema: Zinziri

Zinziri zili ndi mapiko amfupi omwe amaphimba thupi lawo lonse, mutu wawung'ono ndi khosi lalitali, lowonda. Zolimba zawo zazikulu zimawalola kuthamanga mwachangu, kuthana ndi zopinga ndikukumba pansi kufunafuna mbewu kapena kuti apange chisa. Ngakhale zikhadabo zili m'manja, zinziri sizikudziwa momwe zingadzitetezere kwa adani. Zosiyanitsa zazimuna ndi zazikazi zimawonekera kale sabata lachitatu la moyo pambuyo poti nkhuku zatulukira. Amuna amakula msanga, amakula ndikulemera.

Chosangalatsa: Mosiyana ndi mitundu ina yamabanja amphaka, zinziri zazimuna kapena zazikazi sizimatuluka.

Amuna amasiyana ndi akazi: ali ndi chifuwa chofiira (pomwe mwa akazi ndi choyera), zipsera zachikaso pamwamba pamaso ndi pakamwa. Iwo iwonso ndi akulu kukula, komabe amakonda kupewa adani kuposa kumenya. Mankhwani amphongo amakhala ataliatali komanso olimba chifukwa amawafuna kuti azimenyanirana nthawi yokolola.

Kodi zinziri zimakhala kuti?

Chithunzi: Zinziri ku Russia

Ndi mbalame yofala kwambiri yomwe yatchuka ngati mbalame zamasewera m'maiko ambiri padziko lapansi.

Amagawidwa mu:

• Europe;
• Kumpoto kwa Africa;
• Kumadzulo kwa Asia;
• Madagascar (mbalame nthawi zambiri zimakhala kumeneko chaka chonse popanda ndege chifukwa chochepa cha adani achilengedwe);
• kum'mawa kwa Baikal komanso kudera lonse la Russia.

Zikhwere zomwe zimakonda ku Russia zimagawika m'magulu awiri: Ku Europe ndi ku Japan. Mbalame zaku Japan zidasetedwa ku Japan ndipo tsopano zimawonjezeredwa m'mafamu a nkhuku kuti azidya nyama ndi mazira, chifukwa chake kuchuluka kwawo kuthengo kwachepetsedwa. Zikhwere ku Europe ndizofala kwambiri. Chifukwa cha moyo wosamukasamuka, mbalameyi imawuluka mtunda wautali chifukwa chodzala mazira. Zisa zimapezeka ku Middle Iran ndi Turkmenistan, komwe zimafikira koyambirira kwa Epulo. Kumpoto, ku Russia chapakati, magulu a zinziri zimauluka koyambirira kwa Meyi ndi anapiye omwe adakula kale.

Chosangalatsa ndichakuti: Ku Russia, amakonda kusaka zinziri nthawi yomwe amapita kumalo otentha m'nyengo yozizira - mbalame zambiri zimakwera mlengalenga ndipo ndizosavuta kudutsa. Pazosaka zoterezi, agalu ophunzitsidwa bwino amagwiritsidwa ntchito, omwe amabweretsa mbalame zowombera kwa mlenje.

Mbalameyi imakonda kukhala m'mapiri ndi minda, m'malo mokhala kunkhalango. Izi ndichifukwa cha chizolowezi chawo chokhala ndi moyo wapadziko lapansi, komanso, amamanga zisa panthaka. Zinziri zimakonda nyengo youma, osalekerera kutentha kotsika kwambiri.

Kodi zinziri zimadya chiyani?

Chithunzi: Kuyika zinziri

Zinziri ndi mbalame zamtchire zomwe zimakhala gawo lalikulu la moyo wawo m'malo ovuta m'chigawo chapakati cha Russia. Chifukwa chake, chakudya chawo ndichabwino - izi ndi mbewu, chimanga, udzu wobiriwira (quinoa, woodlice, nyemba, dandelion, anyezi wamtchire), mizu ndi tizilombo. Kumtchire, anapiye a mbalamezi amadya chakudya chokwanira kwambiri: mphutsi, kachilomboka ndi tizilombo tina "tofewa".

Ndi ukalamba, mbalameyi imasinthira pazakudya zambiri zamasamba - izi ndichifukwa choti thupi limasiya kukula ndipo limafunikira mapuloteni ambiri. Ngakhale ndikofunikira kuti anapiye akule msanga ndikuyamba kuwuluka kuti athe kukonzekera ulendo wautali pakati pa mayiko ndi makontinenti m'mwezi umodzi. Anapiye omwe samadya chakudya chokwanira cha puloteni amangofa panthawi yomwe akuuluka kapena kugwera kwa adani.

Popeza zinziri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ngati nkhuku, zakudya zawo ndizosiyana pang'ono ndi zomwe zimakonda "kuthengo". Anapiye amapatsidwa kanyumba kanyumba kosakanikirana ndi mapuloteni a dzira lophika kwambiri monga protein ndi calcium. Nthawi zina ufa wa chimanga amawonjezeredwa pamenepo kuti unyolo usaphatikize.

Mbalame zazikulu zimadyetsedwa zinziri - zakudya za nkhuku sizoyenera iwo. Zimaphatikizapo mitundu yonse ya mavitamini ndi chinangwa kuti mbalame zizinenepa ndikuikira mazira. M'malo modyetsa, mutha kusakaniza chimanga ndi mapira, nthawi zina kuwonjezera mazira owiritsa ndi tchizi.

Chosangalatsa ndichakuti: Chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwawo, mbalame zimatha kugaya nyama yophika yophika, motero zimatha kusintha mphutsi ndi nsikidzi kuchokera ku zinziri "zakutchire".

Mbalamezi zimadyetsedwanso zitsamba zomwe anazolowera, kuphatikizapo anyezi wobiriwira wobiriwira, zomwe zimalimbitsa chitetezo cha mthupi cha nkhuku. M'nyengo yozizira, yomwe sanazolowere, ndibwino kupatsa udzu wouma womwe umadulidwa, womwe umasakanikirana ndi chakudya chokhazikika.

Komanso zinziri zakutchire komanso kunyumba zimatha kudya:

• mafupa a nsomba kapena chakudya;
• mbewu za mpendadzuwa, mbewu zonse. Mbalame zawo zimapezeka m'minda yaulimi;
• nandolo, zipolopolo zosweka;
• mchere.
• zipolopolo zosweka kapena zipolopolo zonse zopyapyala ngati chowonjezera cha calcium.

Tsopano mukudziwa zomwe mungadyetse zinziri. Tiyeni tiwone momwe mbalame imakhalira kuthengo.

Makhalidwe ndi mawonekedwe

Chithunzi: Zinziri zazimuna ndi zachikazi

Zinziri ndi mbalame zamtendere zomwe zilibe njira ina yotetezera koma kubisa. Pavuli paki, anguluta ku minda yakulima, ko angurya mbewu kweniso kukumba viwangwa. Zakudya zoterezi, mbalame zimanenepa msanga, ndichifukwa chake nthawi zambiri zimafera paulendo wapaulendo. Mbalame zimakonzekera kuthawa kutentha kwa mpweya kukayamba kutsika madigiri zero. Pakadali pano, anapiye atha kale kulimba ndipo aphunzira kuuluka, motero zinziri zimakundana m'mbali zazikulu. Koma kumadera kumene kutentha kumakhala kozizira kwambiri, zinziri zimatha kukhazikika kwazaka zonse, ngakhale kuti mwachilengedwe zimakonda kukhala ndiulendo wapaulendo.

Kusamuka kwa mbalame kumatha kutenga milungu ingapo - mkati mwa "marathons" amenewa ndi mbalame zamphamvu zokha zomwe zimapulumuka. Mwachitsanzo, kuchokera ku Eastern Siberia, zinziri zina zimawulukira ku India nthawi yachisanu, zomwe zimawatengera milungu itatu ndi theka. Chakumapeto kwa nyengo yofunda, zinziri zimakhamukira m'magulu ang'onoang'ono (nthawi zina awa ndi mabanja athunthu okhala ndi anapiye ndi makolo amitala) - umu ndi momwe amatenthetsera usiku. Amachoka kumadera akumwera kwa Russia mu Seputembala komanso pafupi ndi Okutobala.

Chifukwa cha mapiko awo ofooka komanso malamulo amthupi omwe satha kuthawa, amapita pafupipafupi (mosiyana ndi akameza omwewo kapena ma swifts). Chifukwa cha izi, mbalame zimawopsezedwa ndi olusa kapena osaka - kumapeto kwa kusamuka, pafupifupi 30% ya mbalame zimafa. Zolimba za mbalame ndizofunikira makamaka kwa iwo posaka mbewu ndi tizilombo m'nthaka yolimba yapakati pa Russia. Koma samalekerera kuipitsidwa kwa nthenga, chifukwa chake "zizolowezi" za tsiku ndi tsiku za mbalame zimaphatikizapo kuyeretsa nthenga ndikuyeretsa chisa chawo ku mikangano yosafunikira. Momwemonso, poyeretsa nthenga, zimachotsa tiziromboti todwalitsa.

Mkazi aliyense ali ndi chisa chake - amuna okha ndi omwe alibe, chifukwa amakhala otanganidwa kwambiri pantchito, kufunafuna zoopsa zomwe zingachitike. Chisa ndi kabowo kakang'ono panthaka, komwe mbalame zimakumba ndi zikuluzikulu zokutidwa. Dzenjelo limayalidwa ndi udzu wouma ndi nthambi.

Kakhalidwe ndi kubereka

Chithunzi: Chikwama cha zinziri

Mbalame zisa mu gulu la anthu 15-20. Ndalamayi imawathandiza kuti azitha kupewa kuwombana ndi adani awo ndikupulumuka nyengo yozizira kwambiri. Gululo limapangidwa ndi akazi ndi amuna angapo, omwe amatulutsa zinziri zingapo. Mu Meyi kapena June, zinziri zikamva kutentha kotentha, nyengo yawo yoswana imayamba. Amuna amayang'ana anzawo ndikupanga ndewu, zomwe zitha kufotokozedwa poyimba mwamtendere ("woyimba" wabwino kwambiri amakhala ndi ufulu wokwatirana naye), komanso ndewu zowopsa.

Chosangalatsa: Kulimbana kwa zinziri, komanso ndewu za tambala, ndizodziwika bwino ndi anthu, koma sizili zamagazi kwambiri chifukwa chosowa ma spurs m'manja mwawo.

Mkazi amafika pokhwima atakwanitsa chaka chimodzi - izi zachedwa kwambiri mbalame zomwe zikukula msanga, koma zaka zakubadwa zimalipidwa ndi kuchuluka kwa anapiye omwe zinziri zimatha kubala. Mzimayi amakumba chisa ndikuchipangira ana amtsogolo. Kubisa kwa gulu la nkhosa kumadalira momwe nthaka ilili yachonde - nthawi zambiri amakhala pafupi ndi minda yazaulimi.

Pofuna kukonza chisa, zinziri sizigwiritsa ntchito nthambi ndi udzu zokha, komanso zake zokha. Mbalame imatha kuikira mazira 20 nthawi imodzi, zomwe ndi zambiri poyerekeza ndi nkhuku (katatu kupitirira). Wamphongo satenga mbali iliyonse posamalira yaikazi, koma samachoka pachisa kwa milungu iwiri, ngakhale itakhala njala ndi ludzu. Nthawi yosamalitsa, akazi amakhala pachiwopsezo cha adani.

Anapiye amaswa okha komanso olimba, ali ndi zaka chimodzi ndi theka amakhala mbalame zazikulu pafupifupi pafupifupi. Kuyambira tsiku loyamba lomwe amafunafuna chakudya paokha, amatha kuthawa chilombocho. Amayi nthawi zambiri amapanga mtundu wa "nazale" momwe gulu la zinziri limasamalira ana ambiri.

Mphamvu yakubala ya amayi idapatsa azimayi zinziri chinthu chosangalatsa chomwe chimapezeka mu mbalame zambiri zokhala pansi (mwachitsanzo, pheasants ndi partges). Kanyama kena, monga weasel kapena nkhandwe, akaonekera chapafupi, zinziri zimachokerabe pachisa, koma kumayerekezera kuti mapiko ake avulala. Ndi ndege zazifupi, zimatengera chilombocho kutali ndi chisa, kenako zimauluka kwambiri ndikubwerera ku clutch - nyama imasiyidwa ilibe chilichonse ndikutaya komwe ikufuna.

Adani achilengedwe a zinziri

Chithunzi: Zinziri m'chilengedwe

Zinziri ndi chakudya cha nyama zambiri zomwe zimadya m'nkhalango ndi m'nkhalango.

Choyamba, izi ndi izi:

• nkhandwe. Amalimbana ndi zinziri usiku, pomwe sangathe kuzemba izi kukhala udzu wandiweyani. Ankhandwe ndi amodzi mwa adani akuluakulu a zinziri, chifukwa ndi omwe amasunga kuchuluka kwa mbalamezi mchizolowezi;
• mimbulu. Zilombo zazikuluzikuluzi sizimachoka m'nkhalango nthawi zambiri, koma pakagwa njala zimatha kusaka zinziri. Ngakhale, chifukwa cha kukula kwake kwakukulu ndi ulesi, mimbulu imatha kugwira mbalame yopanda tanthauzo;
• ferrets, weasels, ermines, martens. Nyama zotha msanga ndizo osaka bwino mbalamezi, chifukwa zimathamanga kwambiri ngati zinziri. Koma koposa zonse amasangalala ndi anapiye;
• mphamba ndi mphamba. Amakonda kutsatira gulu la mbalame nthawi ikamayenda, motero amadzipezera chakudya kwa nthawi yayitali;
• hamsters, gophers, makoswe ena. Zinziri zokha sizowasangalatsa, koma zilibe nazo vuto kudya mazira, chifukwa chake nthawi zina zimawononga zisa ngati zingafike kumazira omwe aswedwa.

Adani achilengedwe saopseza kuchuluka kwa zinziri, zomwe sizinganenedwe za kusaka, chifukwa chifukwa chake mitundu ya zinziri ikhoza kutha.

Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi

Chithunzi: Zinziri zamtchire

Zinziri ndilo chandamale cha kusaka nyama ndi nyama. Ku USSR, zinziri anali paliponse, kotero kuwonongedwa kwawo kunachitika pa lonse mafakitale. Kudera lamapiri, mbalame zasowa pafupifupi kwathunthu; panthawiyi, mitundu iwiri ya banja la pheasant idawonongedwa. Koma chifukwa cha chonde, zinziri sizinathe konse.

Kuswana kwawo kunathandizira kwambiri pakusunga kuchuluka kwa mitunduyi. M'zaka 100 zapitazi, anthu achijapani ankadyetsa zinziri za ku Japan ndipo anayamba kuzifalitsa m'minda ya nkhuku. Mbalameyi sinasankhidwepo, ndipo mitunduyo idapulumuka mwa anthu ambiri. Komanso, zinziri zinayamba kuchepa chifukwa cha chinthu china cha anthropogenic - kulima malo olimapo.

Pali zifukwa zingapo zakupha kwa mbalame:

• choyamba, ndikuwononga malo awo achilengedwe. Nkhuku zomwe sizimatha kusiya chisa mukamamatira mazira zinafera m'mitundu yambiri pansi pa mawilo a makina azaulimi;
• chachiwiri, chithandizo chambewu ndi zomera zomwe zinziri zimadya ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo omwe m'mimba mwawo sangathe kugaya;
• chachitatu, kuwonongedwa kwa malo awo okhala ndi chakudya chawo. Zomera, tizilombo, ndi malo abwino okhala m'nkhalango anasiya kupezeka panthawi yolima nthaka ku USSR, zomwe zidapangitsa kuti zinziri sizingathe kuberekana ndipo, chifukwa chake, anthu adakana.

Ndizovuta kutchula ngakhale kuchuluka kwa mbalame pakadali pano, koma ndizodziwika bwino kuti mtunduwo suli pafupi kutha ndipo safuna chitetezo. Chifukwa chakuchulukana m'minda yayikulu komanso kunyumba, zinziri zakhazikitsanso anthu ake pasanathe zaka theka, ndipo kuchuluka kwawo kukukulira.

Zinziri ndi mbalame zomwe ndizofunika m'chilengedwe komanso kunyumba. M'nkhalango za nkhalango, amapanga gawo lofunikira la chakudya, ndipo kwa anthu ndi nyama ndi mazira okoma, omwe mbalame zimatulutsa zambiri. Zinziri sizovuta kusunga, chifukwa chake anthu amaphunzira msanga kuziswana pamalonda. Zinziri - m'modzi mwa oimira "mwayi" kwambiri pabanja la pheasant.

Tsiku lofalitsa: 04.07.2019

Tsiku losinthidwa: 09/24/2019 pa 18:11

Onerani kanemayo: NILAKOI AKAXAT (November 2024).