Nkhuni a mtundu wa anyani (omwe amadziwikanso kuti yellow baboon) ndi banja la anyani. Izi ndi anyani anzeru omwe ali ndi chikhalidwe chovuta kwambiri: amayendayenda ndikudziteteza ku adani pamodzi. Amalankhula ndi anthu mwaufulu, mokomera ena. Nyani ndi yosavuta kusiyanitsa - imangoyenda ndi miyendo inayi, pomwe mchira wake umakhala wokwezedwa nthawi zonse.
Chiyambi cha mitundu ndi kufotokozera
Chithunzi: Baboon
Banja la anyani, komwe kuli anyani, lidayamba zaka 15 miliyoni zapitazo - mulimonsemo, zakale kwambiri zakale zomwe zimayimira oimira ake ndi za nthawi ino. Oyambirira anawoneka anyani athupi lowonda, amakhala ku Europe.
Ofala kwambiri kuposa ena anali a Gelads (Theropithecus), amenenso anali amtundu wa anyani, mtundu umodzi womwe udakalipobe mpaka pano. Kenako mtundu wa anyani unapangidwa; mitundu yake yakale kwambiri ndi Dinopithecus, Pliopapio ndi ena ena.
Kanema: Baboon
Nyani zakale ndizodziwika bwino chifukwa chakuti mitundu ina yamtundu wawo idakwanira kukula ndi zolemera - mpaka makilogalamu 100, pomwe amakono samadutsa 40-45. Zinali ndi zipsinjo zazikulu, zakuthwa ndipo zimatha kudzitchinjiriza motsutsana ndi chilombo chilichonse. Koma nthawi yomweyo ubongo wawo unali wocheperako - pakusintha kwa anyani, imakula pang'onopang'ono.
Baboons anatuluka ngakhale pambuyo pake. Zakale zawo zakale pafupifupi zaka 2-2.3 miliyoni, koma iyi ndi mitundu ina - Papio angusticeps. Anyani amakono anadza patapita kanthawi pang'ono.
Ma Baboons adafotokozedwa koyamba ndi Karl Linnaeus mu 1766. Kafukufuku wama subspecies awo akupitilirabe mpaka pano, gulu lomwe lingakhale pano silinakhale lomaliza, ofufuza ena amakhulupirira kuti ambiri amatha kusiyanitsidwa.
Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Baboon m'chilengedwe
Kutalika kwake, nyaniyo ndi wotsika kuposa anyani akulu kwambiri, koma amaposa mamembala ena onse am'banja la nyani - nthawi zambiri amafikira masentimita 70-80. Mchira wake wautali umawonekera - mwina sungakhale wotsika kwambiri kuthupi ndikukula mpaka masentimita 60-65. Ma Baboons amalemera makilogalamu 30-45.
Ali ndi chigaza chofanana ndi galu komanso chotsekeka chofananira, ndichifukwa chake limodzi la mayina awo ndi anyani amutu wagalu. Maonekedwe awo, angawoneke ngati osokonekera, koma simuyenera kupusitsidwa ndi izi: M'malo mwake, ndiwopusa kwambiri, amatha kukwera mitengo mwachangu ndikudumpha kuchokera kunthambi kupita kunthambi, komanso kuyendetsa zinthu.
Nthawi yomweyo, manja ndi miyendo zonse zimakhudzidwa. Manja awo ndi olimba kwambiri, zala zawo zakula bwino, atavala zikhadabo zakuthwa. Maso ndi makutu ndi ang'ono, koma anyani ndi akulu poyerekeza ndi thupi komanso mano akuthwa. Amayang'ana maso awo akuthwa, amamvetsera mwachidwi - izi zimathandiza kuti apulumuke.
Ali ndi tsitsi lakuda, lalitali, lalikasu. Ndiwopepuka pamimba. Ubweya wa nyani umafunikira kusamalidwa nthawi zonse komanso kuphatikizana pafupipafupi, malinga ndi momwe munthu angathere kudziwa komwe nyani ali m'malo olamulira mafuko - oyang'anira angapo amasamalira ubweya wa anthu ofunikira kwambiri nthawi imodzi.
Chosangalatsa: Malongosoledwe a a Psoglavians - anthu okhala ndi mitu ya agalu - omwe amapezeka pakati pa olemba achi Greek akale, atha kukhala osokonekera pofotokoza za anyani. Chifukwa chake, Aristotle amawaika ndendende pakati pa anyani mu "Mbiri ya Zinyama" yake.
Kodi nyani amakhala kuti?
Chithunzi: Awiri anyani
Nyani wamtunduwu amapezeka ku Africa kudera lotsatira:
- Angola;
- Congo;
- Botswana;
- Zambia;
- Mozambique;
- Tanzania;
- Malawi;
- Kenya;
- Somalia;
- Ethiopia.
Monga mukuwonera pamndandandawu, anyani ochulukirapo sakhala ochepa, ngakhale amangokhala ndi gawo laling'ono m'maiko ena omwe atchulidwa: mwachitsanzo, m'mphepete mwazomwezi mukukhudza Ethiopia ndi Somalia. Malo okhalamo ndi okhazikika, mosiyana ndi anyani ena ambiri, palibe chizolowezi chochepetsera.
Anyani amakonda malo ndi chakudya chochuluka; akafunafuna, amatha kusamukira kumtunda wautali. Nthawi zambiri amatha kuwonekera pafupi ndi minda yamapira kapena chimanga - anyani sawopa anthu ndipo nthawi zina amavulaza ulimi.
Amakhala ku savannah ndi steppe, amathanso kukhala kumapiri, koma ndizofala kwambiri. Kuphatikiza pa chakudya chochuluka, ndikofunikira kwa iwo kuti pali malo osungira pafupi ndi malo okhala, ndipo ndikosavuta kupeza malo ogona. Gulu lililonse limakhala mderalo - pafupifupi ma kilomita 12-18.
Anyani ochokera pagulu lina sayenera kuwoloka malire a tsambalo - zikachitika, amathamangitsidwa, ndewu imatha kuyamba, ngakhale anyani samasiyana mwankhanza. Nthawi zambiri, madera oterewa amakhala m'malire othirira - ziweto zingapo zimatha kuzipeza nthawi imodzi, nthawi zambiri zimakhala zokhudzana
Tsopano mukudziwa komwe amakhala. Tiyeni tiwone chomwe amadya.
Nanga nyani amadya chiyani?
Chithunzi: Nyani ya anyani
Maziko azakudya za anyani ndi udzu ndi zitsamba, chifukwa gawo lalikulu amadya zomera, ndipo amatha kudya pafupifupi gawo lililonse la chomeracho.
Pa menyu awo:
- masamba;
- mizu;
- mbewu;
- zipatso;
- mababu.
Amathanso kudya chakudya cha nyama, ngakhale kuti nthawi zambiri sizingatheke kuwagwira akusaka. Komabe, nthawi zina amamva kufunikira kwa chakudya cha nyama, kapena kani, mavitamini ndi mchere omwe amapezeka nawo - nthawi zina amadya dongo chifukwa cha izi.
Kuchokera ku zolengedwa zamoyo amatha kugwira ndikudya:
- nsomba;
- mbalame - nthawi zambiri zimawononga zisa, kukoka mazira ndi anapiye;
- mbewa;
- abuluzi;
- Nkhono;
- achule;
- njoka;
- tizilombo tambiri.
Pali milandu ingapo yosaka anyani a ana. Koma izi ndizosiyana - nthawi zambiri amakhala limodzi ndi antelopes, amagawa gawo limodzi ndipo limodzi amateteza ku adani.
Kuphatikiza apo, anyani amatha kuba chakudya kwa anthu: nthawi zambiri amakwera nyumba kapena mahema okopa alendo kuti achite izi. Sizoopsa, ndi ochezeka kwa anthu, mukawagwira akuba, amatha kuthawa kapena kuyamba kupempha chakudya.
Mwambiri, iwo ndi odzichepetsa pazakudya ndipo amatha kukhutitsidwa ndi zomwe amadya - chinthu chachikulu ndikuti pali chakudya chokwanira. Chofunika kwambiri kwa iwo ndi kupeza madzi: ndikofunikira kuti bowo lothirira lili pafupi, koma ngakhale zili choncho ndizosatheka kupitako nthawi zonse, chifukwa anyani m'mawa amakonda kunyambita mame pamasamba azomera.
Chilala chikachitika, nthawi zina pamakhala mame okha. Zikatero, nthawi zambiri anyani amasamuka kukafunafuna malo osungira, amafooka ndipo nthawi zina amafa chifukwa chosowa madzi. Chifukwa chake, kusankha koyenera kwa malo amoyo ndikofunikira kwambiri - kuti dziwe loyandikira likhale lodzaza ndipo lisaume, kapena mwina kungakhale kotheka kufikira izi ngati kuli kofunikira.
Makhalidwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Baboon
Chizolowezi chatsiku ndi tsiku cha anyani ndikuti amafunafuna chakudya m'mawa - anyaniwo amakhala ngati fuko lonse nthawi imodzi. Ndizosangalatsa kudziwa kuti amachita mwadongosolo, mwamapangidwe. Amakhala ndi "ma scout" - anyani angapo amanyamuka kutali kuti akachenjeze za ngoziyo, ngati kuli kofunikira.
Ocheperako, m'malo mwake, ali kumbuyo kwambiri, kuopsa kwake kukabwera kuchokera mbali inayo. Nyani zamphongo zolimba kwambiri zimaphimba gulu la nkhosa kumbali. Izi zimatsimikizira chitetezo chachikulu, ndipo gulu lanyama limatha kuthamangitsa nyama zolusa, kapena kupulumuka kwa iwo ndi chiwerengerochi.
M'mawa kwambiri, anyani amakhala otanganidwa kwambiri ndi chakudya: amadya masamba, mphukira ndi zipatso, amakumba mizu ndi ma tubers pansi, amagwira nyama zazing'ono zomwe zili pafupi ndikuzidya. Amayesetsa kupeza ming'oma ya njuchi zakutchire - amadya mphutsi zawo, ndipo amakonda uchi. Njirayo idakonzedweratu kuti m'mawa mmawa ukhala mosungiramo: pambuyo pake, anyani samamwa kuyambira madzulo omwewo. Apa amathetsa ludzu lawo, ndipo nthawi yomweyo amapitiliza kudya: achule, nkhono, nsomba, mazira a ng'ona ndi zomera zam'madzi - nthawi zambiri pamakhala chakudya chokwanira m'mbali mwa nyanja ndi mitsinje.
Amasuntha pang'onopang'ono, ndipo posakhalitsa nthawi zambiri amakhala masana - nthawi yotentha kwambiri masana. Ma Baboon amapuma kwa maola 3-4 - amapeza malo amthunzi ndikupumulako. Amangonama, kudzikongoletsa - kufunafuna tiziromboti muubweya wa wina ndi mnzake, ndipo anthu achichepere komanso olimba amasewera. Akapuma, amapitilizabe kuyenda mosangalala pofunafuna chakudya. Nthawi zina amatha kusaka - chifukwa cha ichi, anyani angapo amasiyana ndi gulu lankhosa ndikuwongolera wolowererayo. Madzulo akagwa, amapeza mitengo ndikukhalapo usiku - motero amakhala otetezeka kuzilombo zazikuluzikulu.
Ngati nthawi ya kampeni nkhosazo zigwera mdani, zimamanganso mwachangu - amuna olimba mtima amabwera, ndipo akazi ndi ana amatetezedwa. Zinthu zikafika povuta kwambiri, ndipo chilombo cholusa kapena gulu lonse lankhosa linagunda anyani, pomwe amunawo amakana, zazikazi ndi ana zimabalalika mbali zonse.
Chifukwa chake amasokoneza owukira, ndipo sakudziwa kuti athamangire ndani. Nyani zovulala zimasiyidwa, koma m'malo onse omwe munthu wamtundu wina amatha kupulumutsidwa, anyani amachita izi, ngakhale panali mkangano pakati pawo kale. Ndizosangalatsa kudziwa kuti akazi nthawi zambiri amakhala odana wina ndi mnzake.
Chosangalatsa: Baboons sangathe kusambira, koma saopa kulowa m'madzi. Chifukwa chake, madzi amadzi panjira akamadutsidwa, amatero, koma nthawi zina amayenera kuzungulira.
Kakhalidwe ndi kubereka
Chithunzi: Mwana wa Baboon
Anyani ndi anyani ochezeka, ndipo maubale awo amakula bwino. Gulu limodzi lingawerengere anthu 40-120. Amakhala nthawi yonse limodzi: amayenda ndi gulu lonse, kupuma, ngakhale kugona pamitengo yoyandikana nayo.
Anyani amtundu uliwonse wa gulu amakhala m'malo ena olowezana, ndipo pamwamba pake ndi mtsogoleri. Ndi iye amene amasankha komwe gulu lankhosa liyenera kupita, nthawi ndi malo oti asiye, kaya asaka, ndi zina zotero. Iye amathandizidwa ndi gulu la amuna amphamvu kwambiri - ndi omwe akuchita nawo kuteteza gulu lonse. Amayi achikulire amakhalabe mu paketi ndikusungabe ubale ndi amayi awo. Koma amuna amasiya gululo nkumangoyendayenda kwakanthawi, kufikira atalowa gulu lina. Watsopano adzafunika kulowa nawo gulu latsopano, chifukwa poyamba amakhala mlendo. Kuti achite izi, amadziwana ndi wamkazi yemwe samakula mwana.
Amamutsatira kulikonse ndikuyesera kuti amukonde. Ngati mkaziyo ali wokhutira, amalola kuti akankhidwe, ndipo pakapita nthawi, ubale wolimba ukhoza kukhazikitsidwa naye. Pambuyo pake, yamphongoyo imakumana ndi anyani omwe amakhala pafupi naye kwambiri ndikujowina nawo. Sikuti nthawi zonse amuna ndi akazi amatenga nthawi kuti akwere - nthawi zina nkhaniyo imangokhala ya "ubwenzi ". Nthawi zina maanja amakhala nthawi yayitali, koma amatha kusintha: nthawi zina, mkazi amasintha mawonekedwe ndikuyamba kulumikizana ndi amuna ena.
Kapenanso udindo wamwamuna ungasinthe - adzakhala m'modzi mwamphamvu kwambiri, pafupi ndi mtsogoleri wa anyani, kenako adzayamba chibwenzi ndi mkazi wina, wokhala ndiudindo wapamwamba. Ma Baboons amalemekeza mtsogoleri wa paketiyo mwapadera - ngati akufuna kupumula, othandizira angapo amathamangira kwa iye nthawi yomweyo ndikuyamba kukanda ubweya wake. Akazi akulu amalandira ulemu womwewo, monganso ana awo. Otsalawo akuyenera kusinthana kutsuka ubweya wina ndi mnzake. Ndipo kuyeretsa kwake nthawi zonse ndikofunikira - samaphethira pafupipafupi kuti adwale. Kuphatikizanso apo, kupesa ubweya ndichinthu chosangalatsa kwa anyani.
Udindo wa atsogoleri ndi omwe akuwayang'anira akuyenera kutsimikiziridwa nthawi zonse kuti ena mgululi asayiwale za izi. Pachifukwa ichi, kugwiritsa ntchito manja posonyeza kugonjera - mchira wokweza, ma grimaces ndi ena. Ngati mtsogoleri afooka, ndiye kuti zisankho zake zitha kufunsidwa mpaka m'modzi mwa otsutsawo atakhala olimba mtima kuti amutsutse. Mtsogoleri ndi amuna ena odziwika nthawi zambiri amakwatirana ndi akazi: ngakhale atakhala awiriawiri ndi amuna ena, amakhalanso ndi amuna olamulira nawonso, kapena ndi iwo okha. Kwenikweni, akazi amakhala ndi pakati kapena akusamalira ana.
Kukonzekera kwa mkazi wokwatiwa kumawonetsedwa ndi kutupa kwa maliseche, komwe kumawonjezera pakapita nthawi. Mimba imakhalanso yosavuta kuiwona: ikatero, pansi pa akazi, nthawi zambiri imakhala yakuda, imasanduka yofiira. Nyani yomwe yangobadwa kumene imakutidwa ndi ubweya wakuda, ndipo mpaka imalowedwa m'malo ndi ubweya wachizolowezi wachizolowezi, amaisamala kwambiri. Ana amaloledwa kukhala ndi ufulu wambiri, amasewera momasuka ndipo alibe maudindo. Poyamba, amayi amawanyamula konse.
Adani achilengedwe a anyani
Chithunzi: Baboon m'chilengedwe
Ngati anyani osungulumwa akuwopsezedwa ndi adani ambiri, ndiye kuti omwe asonkhanitsidwa pagulu samakhala ochepa.
Mwa iwo:
- mikango;
- akambuku;
- mimbulu;
- afisi.
Ngakhale amakhala anyani ochepa, anyani nthawi zambiri amabwera nawo kunkhondo, ndipo zisanachitike, anyani amphongo olimba kwambiri amakhala pamzere, kuteteza gulu lawo lonse, ndikuwonetsa zipsinjo zawo kwa adani, kuyesa kuwalepheretsa kuti asawaukire. Pofuna kudziteteza kwa adani, anyani amalumikizana ndi osatulutsa - nthawi zambiri agwape. Amayendayenda limodzi, ndipo kuwona bwino kwa anyani komanso kununkhiza kwa antelope zimagwira ntchito imodzi ngati chitetezo - ndiye kuti mwayi woti mmodzi wa iwo awone mdani pasadakhale ukuwonjezeka kwambiri.
Antelope nthawi zambiri amasakidwa ndi akambwe - ngakhale ali othamanga, sali olimba ngati akambuku kapena mikango, ndipo anyani nthawi zambiri amawachotsa ku antelope. Iwo, podziwa pasadakhale kuti nyalugwe akuukira, chifukwa amatha kumva fungo lakutali, samathawa konse. Ichi ndi chitsanzo chodabwitsa chothandizana munyama.
Abulu enieniwo nthawi zambiri amasakidwa ndi akambuku - awa ndiwo adani awo owopsa kwambiri. Ofufuzawo anena mobwerezabwereza kuti kuchuluka kwa akambuku m'derali, kuchuluka kwa anyani omwe akukhalamo kunayamba kuchepa. Mofananamo, ngati akambuku acheperachepera, kuchuluka kwa anyani kunayamba kuchuluka, chifukwa nyama zina zomwe zimawabera nthawi zambiri sizimavutikanso nawo.
Koma anyani amatha kuthamangitsa akambuku, zimachitika kuti amawathamangitsa, kapena kuwapha. Koma izi nthawi zambiri zimachitika ndi akambuku achichepere, osakula mpaka kukula kwathunthu komanso osadziwa zambiri. Anyani amadana ndi akambuku ndi mtima wawo wonse ndipo akakumana ndi wovulala kapena mwana, amamupha nthawi yomweyo.
Zimakhala zovuta kwa iwo kumenya nkhondo ndi mikango: ngati, ikakumana ndi kambuku, gulu limatha kuyimirira moteteza, mikango ikaukira, nthawi zonse imabalalika. Kupatula apo, mikango imadzikuza monyadira, ndipo apa sizingatheke kudziteteza. Chifukwa chake, anyani akuyesera kuthawa nyama zolusa zomwe zili mumitengoyi.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Chithunzi: Red Baboon
Baboons ali ponseponse, ndipo amapezeka nthawi zambiri. Chiwerengero chawo chimakhalabe chokhazikika, ndipo asayansi akukhulupirira kuti palibe chowopsa chilichonse kwa iwo. M'kupita kwanthawi, zitha kuwoneka, chifukwa chitukuko chikupitilizabe kulanda madera ochulukirapo kuchokera kuzinyama zakutchire, kuti malo ochepa atsalire a anyani.
Koma pakadali pano nkhaniyi siili yovuta kwambiri kwa iwo, ndipo momwe anyani aliri bwino kuposa anyani ena ambiri. Chifukwa chake, satengedwa kuti atetezedwe, makamaka popeza alibe mtengo wogulitsa, ndipo anthu sawapha nthawi zambiri. Nthawi ndi nthawi amawononga minda, komabe samawononga kwambiri kotero kuti amaphedwa chifukwa cha izi.
Baboons samavutika ndi kuswana muukapolo, chifukwa chake, anthu amakhala ndi ambiri. M'malo osungira nyama, ndi ena mwa nyama zokondedwa kwambiri ndi alendo chifukwa chochezeka komanso kukonda anthu. Ali mu ukapolo, nthawi zambiri amakhala moyo pafupifupi zaka 10 kuposa kuthengo - zaka 40-50.
Zosangalatsa: Mofanana ndi amuna, anyani achikazi amakhala ndi "makwerero ochezeka" Omwe ali pamwamba pake amatha kukwatirana ndi anzawo abwino ndikupeza chakudya choyamba.Udindo wapamwamba mwa iye nthawi zambiri umapezedwa ndi ufulu wakubadwa - mkazi wokhala ndi udindo kuyambira ali mwana amawonetsa ana osadziwika kuti mwana wake ndiwamkulu kuposa iwo, ndipo ayenera kumumvera.
Amayi atamwalira, mikhalidwe ya ana awo aakazi imatha kuchepa. Koma pali njira ina: akazi atha kupambana pamkhondo yolimbana ndi omenyera. Amuna pazochitika zotere samasokoneza ngakhale m'modzi wa akaziwo ndi mlongo kapena mwana wawo wamkazi.
Nkhuni - nyani woseketsa komanso wopanda vuto kwa anthu. Ndikukula kocheperako, adatha kupanga dongosolo lazovuta zopitilira mpaka pano. Mwinanso mzaka mamiliyoni ambiri, anyani adzatha kudzipangira okha chitukuko. Chifukwa chake, ndizosangalatsa kwa asayansi - choyambirira, maubale awo amaphunziridwa.
Tsiku lofalitsa: 06/29/2019
Tsiku losinthidwa: 09/23/2019 pa 22:17
