Fizanti Ndi membala wa nkhuku woweta nthenga. Mbalame za ku Eurasia ndizotchuka m'nyumba ndipo nthawi zambiri zimaleredwa pazosaka. Mbalameyi ndi yokongola kwambiri ndipo imakhala ndi nthenga zowala. Nyamayo imaonedwa ngati yodyera ndipo imawerengedwa kuti ndiyabwino pamsika wapadziko lonse. The pheasant ndi nyama yamanyazi kwambiri m'malo ake achilengedwe. Amakonda kukhala kwayokha, chifukwa chake zimakhala zovuta kupeza chithunzi cha pheasant, chifukwa samawoneka kawirikawiri pamaso pa mandala a kamera.
Chiyambi cha mitundu ndi kufotokozera
Chithunzi: Pheasant
Mtundu uwu udalongosoleredwa koyamba mwasayansi ndi Linnaeus mu opus "Systema naturae" pansi pa dzina lake lamasayansi. Mbalameyi idakambidwa kwambiri ngakhale Linnaeus asanakhazikitse dzina lake. Pheasant wamba m'mbali yayikulu yamabuku odziwika a nthawi imeneyo amangotchedwa "pheasant". Njovu si mbalame zachilengedwe ku Central Europe. Adabweretsedwako m'masiku a Ufumu waku Roma kuchokera ku Asia, monga masewera osaka zaka mazana ambiri zapitazo. Ngakhale lero, ma pheasants ambiri amapangidwira m'malo ena kenako amatulutsidwa kuti akasaka.
Kanema: Pheasant
Mitundu ina yamtchire yakhala ya mbalame zokongoletsera, chifukwa chake zidasungidwa kale mu ukapolo, ngakhale sizikanatchedwa zoweta. Dziko lakwawo la mbalame ndi Asia, Caucasus. Anapeza dzina lawo kuchokera ku Agiriki akale, omwe adapeza mbalame pafupi ndi Mtsinje wa Fazis (dzina lakale la Rioni), pafupi ndi Black Sea ndi malo okhala ku Poti ku Georgia. Pheasant wamba ndi mbalame yadziko lonse ku Georgia. Mbale yadziko lonse, chakhokhbili, idapangidwa kuchokera pachikopa chake. Nyengo yam'mbuyomu isanafike, mbalame za ku Caucasus ndizomwe zimafalitsa ziweto zambiri ku Europe.
Mbalameyi sichipezeka ku Africa, kupatula zigawo za m'mphepete mwa nyanja ya Mediterranean, nthawi ya Linnaeus, komwe mwina adayambitsidwa muulamuliro wa Roma. Mbalamezi zinali zofanana kwambiri ndi anthu a ku Transcaucasus kuposa ena. Dzina la sayansi mu Chilatini limatanthauza "pheasant waku Colchis", womwe uli kumadzulo kwa Georgia wamakono. Liwu lachi Greek lofananira ndi pheasant ya Chingerezi ndi Phasianos ornis (Φασιανὸς ὂρνις), "mbalame yamtsinje wa Phasis". Linnaeus anaphatikizanso mitundu ina yambiri yamtundu wa Phasianius, monga nkhuku yowetedwa ndi kholo lake lachilengedwe. Masiku ano mtundu uwu umangokhala pheasant wamba. Popeza omaliza sanadziwike ndi Linnaeus mu 1758
Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Mbalame ya Pheasant
Ma pheasants wamba ndi mbalame zapakatikati okhala ndi matupi akuya, owoneka ngati peyala, mitu yaying'ono, ndi michira yayitali, yaying'ono. Kugonana kumadziwika kuti ndi kogonana malinga ndi nthenga ndi kukula, amuna amakhala okongola komanso okulirapo kuposa akazi. Amuna ali ndi nthenga zokongola za mitundu mitundu zokhala ndi michira yayitali, yosongoka komanso yamawangamawanga ofiira ofiira m'maso mwake.
Mitu yawo imakhala ndi utoto wobiriwira wobiriwira mdima wonyezimira. Ma subspecies ambiri amakhala ndi kolala yoyera pakhosi pawo, yomwe imawapatsa dzina "khosi lozungulira". Akazi ndi ocheperako. Zili ndi nthenga zofiirira, zowoneka bwino ndipo, monga amuna, zimakhala ndi michira yayitali, yosongoka, ngakhale ndizofupikirapo kuposa zamphongo.
Pali magulu awiri akulu a subspecies:
- colchicus, gulu lokhala ndi mphete ya m'khosi, ndi ochokera ku Eurasia. Pali subspecies makumi atatu ndi chimodzi;
- gulu la versicolor, pheasant yamkuwa wopanda mphete. Ndi wobiriwira pakhosi, pachifuwa ndi pamimba chapamwamba. Gululi ndi lochokera ku Japan ndipo lakhala likupezeka ku Hawaii. Ili ndi ma subspecies atatu.
Kutalika kwa thupi ndi 70-90 masentimita wamwamuna (pafupifupi masentimita 45-60 ndi mchira wautali wonenepa) ndi masentimita 55-70 mwa mkazi (kutalika kwa mchira pafupifupi 20-26 cm). Kutalika kwamapiko achimuna kuyambira 230 mpaka 267 mm, chachikazi kuyambira 218 mpaka 237 mm. Mitundu ina yaying'ono ndi yayikulu. Kulemera kwake kwamwamuna kumachokera ku makilogalamu 1.4 mpaka 1.5, chachikazi chimachokera ku 1.1 mpaka 1.4 kg.
Kodi pheasant amakhala kuti?
Chithunzi: Phileasant m'chilengedwe
The pheasant ndi mitundu yosamuka yosamukira ku Eurasia. Gawo lachilengedwe la pheasant limadutsa kumwera kwa Central ndi Eastern Palaearctic, komanso mbali zina za kum'mawa. Mitunduyi imachokera ku Black Sea m'chiuno chachikulu chakumwera kwa nkhalango ndi steppe kummawa mpaka kumadzulo kwa China Qinghai komanso kumwera chakumwera kwa dera la Gobi, kuphatikiza Korea, Japan ndi dziko lomwe kale linali Burma. Imayimilidwa ku Europe, North America, New Zealand, Australia ndi Hawaii. Ku North America, mitengo ya pheasants ili pakatikati pa magawo a malo olimapo kuchokera kumwera kwa Canada kupita ku Utah, California, komanso kumwera mpaka ku Virginia.
Chosangalatsa: Madera okhalamo amagawika kwambiri, gawo lina la anthu limapangidwa ndi tizinthu tosiyana tokha. Kumbali ina, kum'mawa chakum'mawa chakum'mawa kwa Siberia ndi kumpoto chakum'mawa kwa China, malo akuluakulu otsekedwa amapitilira kumwera kupyola China, ndi Korea ndi Taiwan kumpoto kwa Vietnam, Laos, Thailand, ndi Myanmar, komwe kusintha pakati pa subspecies sikuwonekera kwenikweni. ...
Kuphatikiza apo, mitunduyi idapangidwa mwachilengedwe m'malo ambiri padziko lapansi mosiyanasiyana. Lero amakhala kumayiko ambiri ku Europe. Mbalamezi sizimapezeka ku Greece kokha, Alps aku Italiya komanso mbali zina zakumwera kwa France. Pa chilumba cha Iberia komanso kumpoto kwa Scandinavia, kulibiretu. Pali malo ku Chile.
Nkhanza zimakhala m'mapiri ndi minda yolima. Mbalamezi zimakhala zosunthika ndipo zimakhala ndi mitundu yambiri ya zachilengedwe, kupatula malo omwe ali ndi nkhalango zowirira, nkhalango zamapiri, kapena malo ouma kwambiri. Kusinthaku kumawathandiza kuti afufuze malo okhala atsopano. Madzi otseguka safunikira ma pheasants, koma anthu ambiri amapezeka komwe kumapezeka madzi. M'malo ouma, mbalame zimamwa madzi awo ndi mame, tizilombo, ndi zomera zobiriwira.
Tsopano mukudziwa komwe kumakhala mbalame ya banja la pheasant. Tiyeni tiwone chomwe amadya.
Kodi pheasant amadya chiyani?
Chithunzi: Pheasant
Zakudya zam'mlengalenga ndi mbalame zokonda kudya, chifukwa chake ma pheasants amadyera pazomera ndi nyama zomwe. Zakudya zambiri zimangokhala zopangira mbewu, kupatula milungu inayi yoyambirira ya moyo, pomwe anapiye amadya tizilombo. Kenako chakudya cha nyama chimachepa kwambiri. Chakudya chodzala chimakhala ndi mbeu komanso zobzala pansi pa nthaka. Mawonekedwewa amachokera ku mbewu zazing'ono zazomera zazing'ono ngati ma clove mpaka mtedza kapena ma acorn.
Mbalame zimatha kudya zipatso zokhala ndi chipolopolo cholimba ndi zipatso zomwe ndi zakupha kwa anthu. Chakumapeto kwa dzinja ndi masika, mphukira ndi masamba atsopano amakhala oyamba pachakudya. kusonkhanitsidwa kwambiri. Chakudya chimasiyanasiyana malinga ndi madera. Tizilombo tating'onoting'ono ndi mphutsi zawo nthawi zambiri zimasonkhana modabwitsa. Pofuna kugaya, miyala ya 1-5 mm kapena, ngati izi zitalephera, amatenga zigoba za nkhono kapena mafupa ang'onoang'ono. Pakuswana, akazi nthawi zambiri amameza miyala ya miyala ya miyala.
Kusaka chakudya kumachitika makamaka pansi. Mbalame nthawi zina zimadutsa chipale chofewa chatsopano mpaka masentimita 30-35. Nthawi zambiri chakudya chimasonkhanitsidwa ngati tinthu tating'onoting'ono, tinthu tating'ono tambiri.
Chakudya chachikulu cha pheasants chimakhala ndi:
- mbewu;
- zipatso;
- mphukira;
- mbewu;
- zipatso;
- tizilombo;
- nyongolotsi;
- mbozi;
- Nkhono;
- ziwala;
- mphutsi;
- njoka;
- nthawi zina zokwawa zazing'ono;
- abuluzi.
Amadyetsa chakudya m'mawa ndi madzulo. Mbewu zofunika zomwe mbalame zimadya ndi chimanga, tirigu, balere ndi fulakesi.
Makhalidwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Mbalame ya Pheasant
Njovu ndi mbalame zamtundu wina. M'dzinja, amasonkhana pamodzi, nthawi zambiri m'magulu akulu, kupita kumalowo ndi pogona ndi chakudya. Kawirikawiri malo okhalamo nthawi yachisanu amakhala ochepa kuposa nthawi yogona. Gulu lankhosa lomwe limapangidwa nthawi yachisanu limatha kusakanizidwa kapena amuna kapena akazi okhaokha ndipo limatha kukhala ndi anthu pafupifupi 50.
Mbalamezi sizisuntha pang'ono koma zimatha kuwonetsa zosunthika potengera kupezeka kwa chakudya ndi kuphimba. Kusamuka kwakanthawi kochepa kumawonekera kumpoto kwa anthu, komwe nyengo yozizira imakakamiza mbalame kuti zizipeza malo abwino. Kubalalika kwa gululo koyambirira kwamasika kumangopita pang'onopang'ono kuposa lakuthwa; amuna amachoka kaye.
Zosangalatsa: Mbalameyi imagwiritsa ntchito fumbi posamba, kulowetsa mchenga ndi dothi m'mapiko ake popukusa ndi mlomo wake, kukanda mapazi ake pansi, kapena kugwedeza mapiko ake. Khalidweli limathandizira kuchotsa ma cell a epidermal akufa, mafuta ochulukirapo, nthenga zakale, ndi zigoba za nthenga zatsopano.
Kawirikawiri pheasants amakhala nthawi yawo yambiri pansi ndikupumula pansi komanso mumitengo. Iwo ndi othamanga kwambiri ndipo ali ndi mayendedwe onyada. Pakudyetsa, amasunga mchirawo mopingasa, ndipo akamathamanga, amausunga pakona pa madigiri 45. Amisala ndi oyendetsa ndege abwino. Pakunyamuka, amatha kuyenda mozungulira. Amuna nthawi zambiri amalira mokweza pakunyamuka. Amathawa akaopsezedwa.
Kakhalidwe ndi kubereka
Chithunzi: Mbalame yokongola ya mbalame
Nkhanza ndi mbalame zamitala, wamwamuna m'modzi amakhala ndi azimayi angapo azimayi. Zimaswana nyengo. Kumayambiriro kwa masika (pakati pa Marichi mpaka koyambirira kwa Juni), amuna amapanga malo oswanirana kapena mipingo. Madera awa ndi ofanana ndi madera a amuna ena ndipo alibe malire omveka. Mbali inayi, akazi sakhala mderalo. M'madera awo a mafuko, amatha kuwonetsa olamulira akuluakulu. Izi zimatha kukhala ndi akazi azaka zapakati pa 2 mpaka 18. Mkazi aliyense nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi zibwenzi nthawi imodzi ndi amuna amodzi.
Zosangalatsa: Akazi amasankha amuna opambana omwe angateteze. Kafukufuku wasonyeza kuti akazi amakonda michira yayitali mwa amuna ndipo kutalika kwa timakutu tomwe timakhalapo komanso kupezeka kwa madontho akuda pazolukazo kumathandizanso kusankha.
Kuyika mazira kumayambira azimayi asanayambe kuyikira mazira. Mkaziyo amatulutsa kupsinjika kosazama pansi m'dera la udzu wabwino, ndikuikamo zomerazo mosavuta. Nthawi zambiri amaikira dzira limodzi patsiku mpaka mazira 7 mpaka 15 atayikidwa. Tinthu tating'onoting'ono ta mazira timachitika azimayi awiri kapena kupitilira apo atayika mazira pachisa chimodzi. Yaikazi imakhala pafupi ndi chisa, imasanganitsa mazira nthawi yayitali yonse, ndikusiya zowalamulira m'mawa ndi madzulo kuti idye.
Ntchito yaikulu yolera anapiye imagwera yaikazi. Akamanga chisa ndikuikira mazira, chachikazi ndi chomwe chimayang'anira. Makulitsidwe amatenga pafupifupi masiku 23 dzira lomaliza litaikidwa. Anapiye aswa, ndi akazi okhawo amene amawasamalira. Anapiye amakhala okutidwa kwathunthu ndi fluff akamaswa ndikutseguka ndi maso. Amatha kuyamba kuyenda ndikutsata wamkazi kumalo opangira chakudya. Pofika masiku pafupifupi 12, anapiye ang'onoang'ono amatha kuwuluka ndipo nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi wamkazi masiku 70 mpaka 80 asanakhale odziyimira pawokha.
Adani achilengedwe a pheasants
Akuluakulu pheasants amatha kusakidwa pansi kapena pothawa. Zina mwazomwe amachita poyankha zoopsa zimaphatikizapo kuthawira kukabisala kapena kuthawa, ndipo amatha kuwuluka, kubisala kapena kuthawa kutengera momwe zinthu ziliri. Zazimayi zitha kuwonetsa mapiko osweka poyesa kusokoneza nyama yolusa pachisa, kapena kukhala chete ndikungokhala. Pamene anapiye amasaka, nthawi zambiri amapitilira amodzi. Kuphatikiza apo, kuwonetseredwa ndi nyengo yovuta kwambiri ndi chifukwa cha kufa kwa anapiye.
Kusaka masewera ndi anthu ndi vuto lalikulu kwa pheasants. Amakhala pachiwopsezo makamaka akamaikira mazira. Kuwonjezeka kwa mitengo yamasamba kwa pheasants ikugwirizana kwambiri ndi kuwonongeka kwa malo okhala. Izi zili choncho chifukwa kuwonongeka kwa malo okhala kumapangitsa nyama kugwidwa ndi adani. Zinkakhala kuti mphalapala ndi zomwe zinkadyetsa kwambiri pheasants, koma zikawona momwe zimakhalira kwazaka zambiri, zinapezeka kuti mphalapala zimayang'ana kusaka makoswe ndi akalulu.
Nyama zowononga kwambiri zomwe zimaukira pheasants achikulire kapena zisa zawo ndi nkhandwe wamba, skunk yamizere ndi raccoon. Kuphatikiza apo, mitundu ikuluikulu yam'mene imakhalira ndi kuchepa kwa ziweto, nyama zowononga zowononga kwambiri.
Olusa nyama odziwika kwambiri ndi awa:
- nkhandwe (Vulpes Vulpes);
- agalu oweta (Canis lupusiliaris);
- nkhandwe (Canis Latrans);
- mbira (Taxidea taxus);
- mink (Neovison Vison);
- weasel (Mustela);
- zikopa zamizeremizere (M. mephitis);
- ziphuphu (Procyon);
- namwali mphungu (B. virginianus);
- ma buzzard ofiyira ofiira (B. jamaicensis);
- buzzard wamapewa ofiira (B. lineatus);
- Upland Buzzard (B. lagopus);
- Ziwombankhanga za Cooper (A. cooperii);
- goshawk (A. gentilis);
- nkhono za peregrine (F. peregrinus);
- chotchinga m'munda (C. cyaneus);
- kamba kokoka (C. serpentina).
Zigawo zitatu mwa zinayi za zisa, ndi mbalame zazikulu, kupatula kusaka, zimavutika ndi zilombo zolusa.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Chithunzi: Pheasant ku Russia
Ma pheasants wamba amapezeka ponseponse ndipo kusamalira kwawo sikofunika kwenikweni. Chiwerengero cha anthu ku Europe chikuyerekeza kuti ndi 4,140,000 - 5,370,000 awiriawiri, omwe amafanana ndi 8,290,000 - 10,700,000 okhwima. Europe imangokhala <5% yamitundu yonse ya mbalamezi, motero kuyerekezera koyambirira kwa anthu padziko lonse lapansi ndi 165,800,000 - 214,000,000 okhwima, ngakhale kuli kofunika kutsimikizira kolondola.
Chiwerengero cha anthu chafalikira m'malo ake onse, koma manambala akuchepa kwanuko chifukwa cha kutayika kwa malo okhala ndi kuwazungulira. Chiwerengero cha anthu chikuyembekezeka kuwonjezeka ku Europe. Anthu amtchire nthawi zambiri amathandizidwa ndi mbalame zambiri zomwe zidagwidwa chifukwa chowombera.
Chosangalatsa: Ku Azerbaijan, talischensis subspecies ili pafupi kutha chifukwa cha kutayika kwa malo okhala ndi kusaka kosalamulirika, ndipo palibe chidziwitso chodalirika chokhudza momwe ziliri pano. Malinga ndi kuyerekezera koyambirira, chiwerengerocho ndi anthu 200-300 okha.
Fizanti ili ndi matambasula akulu kwambiri, chifukwa chake, sichiyandikira miyezo yazachilengedwe zomwe zili pachiwopsezo cha kukula kwake. Ngakhale kuchuluka kwa kuchuluka kwa anthu kukuwoneka kuti kukucheperachepera, kukhulupiriridwa sikukhala mwachangu mokwanira kufikira malire a kuchuluka kwa anthu. Chiwerengero cha anthu ndi chachikulu kwambiri motero sichimayandikira pafupi ndi omwe ali pachiwopsezo malinga ndi kuchuluka kwa anthu. Pamaziko a zizindikirozi, mitunduyo imawunikidwa ngati yowopsa kwambiri.
Tsiku lofalitsa: 06/20/2019
Tsiku losintha: 07/05/2020 nthawi ya 11:40
