Kutsiriza

Mwamuna wokongola kumaliza - wokhala m'nkhalango. Kuyambira kale, nthenga zake zowala zidakhala ngati chithumwa cha banja, zidabweretsa chisangalalo komanso chitonthozo mnyumbamo. Finch siyabwino kokha, komanso imayimba bwino, kuyambitsa ma trilor ake osangalatsa komanso osangalatsa, mosafunikira konse kuposa usiku. Zikhala zosangalatsa kuphunzira za moyo wake, mawonekedwe ake, zizolowezi zake ndi zina zambiri.

Chiyambi cha mitundu ndi kufotokozera

Chithunzi: Chaffinch

Mbalame yotchedwa finch ndi mbalame yoimba yochokera ku banja la finch ndi dongosolo la passerine. Dzinalo la mbalameyi ndi mbadwa zaku Russia, zomwe zimachokera ku verebu "chill", ndiye. amaundana. Ndikosavuta kuyerekezera kuti iyi ndi mbalame yosamuka, yomwe imadza ndikutentha ndikufulumira kumwera ndikuyandikira chisanu choyamba. Anthu adazindikira kuti chaffinch ikukhala nyengo yozizira, yovundikira, ngati kuti yatenthedwa, motero adazitcha choncho. Mbalameyi imakhalanso ndi mayina ena, amaitcha kuti finch, bullfinch, brisk, severukha, chitsulo chosungunula. Mkazi wa mtundu uwu wa mbalame amatchedwa finch kapena finch.

Kanema: Finch

Kukula kwa finch ndikofanana ndi kwa odutsa, koma nthenga zake ndizabwino kwambiri komanso zowala bwino. Chovala chachimuna chimakhala chokongola makamaka nyengo yakumasirana, ndipo chachikazi chimakonda malankhulidwe oletsa. Pali mitundu yambiri ya mbalame; zimasiyana osati kokha m'malo okhalamo, koma mtundu, kukula, mawonekedwe a milomo ndi zina. M'madera ena, mbalame zakutchire ndizomwe zimatsogolera pakati pa mbalame zazing'ono zomwezo.

Chosangalatsa ndichakuti: Chodabwitsa ndichakuti, padziko lapansi pano pali mitundu pafupifupi 450 ya akambwe.

Kuphatikiza pa chaffinch waku Europe, m'malo ena dziko lathu komanso mayiko omwe kale anali USSR mumakhala mitundu ina itatu:

• M'nyengo yotentha, mbalame za ku Caucasus zimakhala pachilumba cha Crimea ndi Caucasus, ndipo m'nyengo yozizira imasunthira kumpoto kwa Iran ndi gawo lakumwera kwa Transcaucasus, imatenga nkhalango komanso mapiri (mpaka 2.5 km). Mtundu wake ndi wofanana ndi finch waku Europe, thupi lake ndi lalitali pafupifupi masentimita 13. Ili ndi nthenga imasiyanitsidwa ndi mawu osamveka kwambiri, ofanana ndi kulira kwa mutu wamitengo;
• Finchdch finch ili ndi utoto wotumbululuka wokhala ndi mawanga akulu oyera pamapiko ndi mchira; imakhala ku Turkmenistan m'dera la mapiri a Kopetdag;
• Mbalame ya Hyrcanian ndi yaying'ono komanso yamtundu wakuda kuposa mnzake waku Europe. Mutu wa mbalameyi uli ndi phulusa lakuda, kumbuyo kwake ndi chokoleti, ndipo pamimba pamakhala pabuka pang'ono.

Ngakhale mbalame zambiri zimakonda kusamukira kwina, zina mwa izo zimangokhala m'malo opitilira gawo, izi zimadalira nyengo yamderalo. M'nyengo yozizira, mbalamezi zimakonda kucheza, zimakonda kukhala m'malo otseguka (minda, zigwa). Nthawi zambiri mpheta zimawoneka pagulu la mbalamezi. Pali chizindikiro pakati pa anthu kuti madzi osefukira a finch amachenjeza za chisanu chomwe chikubwera. Ndikoyenera kumvetsetsa mwatsatanetsatane mawonekedwe akunja a mbalame yosangalatsayi yoyimba mwachitsanzo cha European finch, yomwe imadziwika kuti ndi yochuluka kwambiri.

Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe

Chithunzi: Mbalame yomalizira

Mitundu yofala kwambiri ya chaffinch ndi European, yomwe tidzayamba kufotokoza. Monga tanena kale, mbalame yotchedwa finch ndi mbalame yapakatikati, yofanana ndi mpheta. Thupi lake limakhala lalitali masentimita 15, ndipo kulemera kwake ndi magalamu 15 mpaka 40. Mapiko a mbalameyo ndi pafupifupi masentimita 28. Mchira wa chinsalucho chimakhala chachitali komanso chopindika, kutalika kwake ndi pafupifupi masentimita 7. Mlomowo umatambalalanso komanso wakuthwa. Mbalameyi imasiyanitsidwa ndi kufewa kwake mpaka kukhudza ndi nthenga zakuda, zomwe zimakhala ndi mtundu wokongola kwambiri, wokongola, muyenera kuziyang'ana.

Mtundu wa finch ndi khadi yake yoyimbira. Ndi amuna okongola omwe ali ndi izi. Chipewa ndi mpango pakhosi laimuna zimakhala ndi ubweya wabuluu, ndipo chidutswa chakuda chakuda chimawoneka pamwamba pa mlomo. Kumbuyo kwake kumakhala kofiirira, ndipo mtundu wobiriwira wachikasu umawonekera m'chiuno, nthenga zazitali komanso zotuwa zimakongoletsa mchira. Mapiko a Chaffinch amakhala ndi utoto woyera, ndipo mawanga oyera obiriwira pa iwo amagawidwa mozungulira. Mimba ndi masaya a mbalameyi ndi beige kapena bulauni bulauni.

Amuna amakhala ndi mawonekedwe okongola pafupifupi zaka ziwiri za moyo wawo. Akazi amawoneka ophweka kwambiri ndipo osakhala owala kwambiri, otuwa, obiriwira pang'ono komanso ofiira amapezeka pakhungu lawo, anapiye ndi nyama zazing'ono zimakhala ndi mtundu wofanana ndi akazi, anapiye okha ndi omwe ali ndi malo oyera kumbuyo kwa mutu.

Chosangalatsa ndichakuti: Nthawi ikamakhwima, mulomo wamphongo umasintha mtundu, kukhala wabuluu komanso pafupifupi wabuluu kunsonga kwake, ndipo nthawi yozizira umapaka utoto wofiirira. Mwa mkazi, mtundu wa milomo nthawi zonse umasinthika (horny).

Kodi finch amakhala kuti?

Chithunzi: Field finch

Mbalame yotchedwa finch ndi mbalame yofala, choncho malo okhala ndi ochuluka kwambiri.

Chaffinch adatenga zokongola:

• kumadzulo kwa Asia;
• kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa Africa;
• Europe;
• Finland (madera osiyana a dzikolo);
• Sweden ndi Norway (madera ena a zigawo);
• Azores, Canary ndi zilumba za Britain;
• Morocco ndi Madeira;
• Tunisia ndi Algeria;
• Syria;
• Asia Minor;
• kumpoto kwa Iran;
• gawo la mayiko a USSR wakale;
• Russia.

Nthawi zambiri, mbalamezi zimawoneka ngati mbalame zosamuka, koma kutengera gawo, zimatha kukhalabe nthawi yozizira m'malo ena. M'chilimwe amakhala ku Caucasus, Siberia, gawo laku Europe la dziko lathu, lomwe limagonjetsedwa ku Kazakhstan, Central Europe, kumpoto kwa Africa, Asia Minor, Crimea. Kwa nyengo yozizira, chaffinch amathanso kupita kumadera oyandikana nawo, kumwera kwenikweni. Chifukwa chake, titha kunena kuti mbalame sizimangosamuka zokha, komanso zosamukasamuka komanso zokhala pansi.

Mbalame zimakonda malo okhala ndi mitengo yambiri, kotero zimapezeka m'minda, m'mapaki, m'nkhalango, minda ing'onoing'ono. Amakonda mbalame, nkhalango zosakanikirana ndi spruce, koma osati zowirira kwambiri, amakonda nkhalango zowala za paini. M'nkhalango yowirira kwambiri, simudzawona zisa zawo, amakhala moyandikana m'mphepete, chifukwa amapeza chakudya chawo chochuluka pansi. Nthawi zambiri, mbalame zazinyama zimabwerera kumalo omwe zimakhalako chaka chatha.

Chosangalatsa: Ma Chaffinches nthawi zambiri amakhala pafupi ndi malo okhala anthu, nthawi zambiri amakonda m'mapaki am'mizinda ndi m'mizinda.

Kodi finch amadya chiyani?

Chithunzi: Finch ku Russia

Menyu ya finch imakhala ndi mitundu yonse ya tizilombo ndi zomera. Komabe, omwe kale anali odyetsa nkhuku. Asayansi-akatswiri a mbalame, omwe anafufuza zomwe zili m'mimba mwa finch, adapeza kuti amadya mbewu za namsongole osiyanasiyana ndipo samakana zipatso ndi zipatso. M'chilimwe, menyu amakhala ndi chakudya cha nyama. Chifukwa chake, chakudya chomera chomeracho chimaphatikizapo: mbewu za namsongole zamtundu uliwonse (lunguzi, quinoa), nthanga za mitengo ya coniferous, zipatso zosiyanasiyana ndi zipatso, masamba a mitengo, maluwa, masamba, ma cones.

Chakudya cha nyama cha nsomba chimakhala ndi: mbozi zosiyanasiyana, nyerere, ntchentche, nsikidzi, nsikidzi, mphutsi. Zilombazi zimathandiza kwambiri polimbana ndi tizirombo tating'onoting'ono. Mbalameyi ndi yothandiza kwambiri, m'nkhalango ndi nthaka yaulimi, chifukwa amadya tizirombo tambiri ta zomera zolimidwa komanso zamtchire.

Mlomo wa mbalame yaying'onoyi ndi yolimba komanso yolimba, ndipo m'kamwa mwake mulibe zofananira, minofu ya nkhope ya chaffinch ndiyamphamvu, ndiye imatha kupirira ngakhale chakudya chovuta kwambiri. Chigoba cholimba cha chikumbu, zipolopolo za dzira lakuda kapena nthangala zolimba sizimalepheretsa kumaliza kudya. Chaffinch imafunafuna chakudya chake chochuluka pansi, ndikuyenda pamwamba pake ndikulumpha mwachangu komanso pafupipafupi.

Chosangalatsa: Ndi mbalame zokhazokha kuchokera kubanja lawo lonse zomwe zimadyetsa anapiye awo ndi tizilombo tokha, osaphatikizanso zakudya zina zam'mimba zomwe amadya.

Makhalidwe ndi mawonekedwe

Chithunzi: Chaffinch m'nyengo yozizira

Zinyama zimakhala m'magulu, zolumikizana awiriawiri pokhapokha pakakhala nyengo yokwanira. Anthu okwana 100 amasonkhana pamene akufuna kukwera ndege kupita kumadera otentha. Mbalame zazing'onozi zimauluka mwachangu komanso mwachangu kwambiri, liwiro la makilomita 55 pa ola limodzi. Kuti achire ndi kudyetsa, amapuma kwa masiku angapo panjira. Kubwerera kunyumba kumachitika kuyambira February mpaka Epulo (zimadalira nyengo yamderali). Choyamba, amuna amphongo amafika, kuwonetsa kubwerera kwawo ndi ma melodi omveka bwino, pafupifupi sabata imodzi pambuyo pake akazi amawoneka.

Chochititsa chidwi: Mbalameyi imagwira ntchito masana, nthawi zambiri imawoneka panthambi za mitengo, yomwe imayenda mozungulira. Pansi, mbalameyi imadumpha pang'ono, kufunafuna chakudya chokha.

Kutha kwabwino kwa finch kuyenera kutchulidwa padera, chifukwa ndiwopambana pankhani yovutayi. Ma roulades okoma ndi osefukira ali ndi mawonekedwe makamaka masika. Mbalame yamphongo imalowa m'nyimbo yake, ndikuponyera mutu wake osazindikira chilichonse chozungulira. Ma Chaffinch ma trill nthawi zonse amakhala achisangalalo, otambalala komanso okongola, amatha ndikumveka modabwitsa (phokoso laphokoso kwambiri), ndipo pamaso pa trill yayikulu mumatha kumva mawu okwera kwambiri, mluzu komanso zobisika.

Nyimbo yonse ya chaffinch ikhoza kugawidwa m'magawo:

• payekha;
• ma trill;
• kukula.

Kuimba konseku kumatenga masekondi osaposa atatu ndikulowetsedwa ndikudikirira mpaka masekondi 10. Chifukwa chamayimbidwe okongola oterewa, ambiri amayesetsa kuti akhalebe mu ukapolo, koma izi ndizovuta kwambiri, chifukwa iyi ndi mbalame yaulere, samafuna kuyimba mu khola, amakhala wamantha nthawi zonse ndipo amafuna kumasuka, ndizovuta kwambiri kusankha chakudya cha mwanawankhosa. Zachidziwikire, mu ukapolo, mbalame imatha kukhala ndi moyo pafupifupi zaka khumi, ndipo mwachilengedwe zaka ziwiri kapena zitatu zokha, koma ndibwino kuti musalande ufulu wa ufulu, chifukwa m'nkhalango mutha kumvera magwiridwe ake osangalatsa.

Kakhalidwe ndi kubereka

Chithunzi: Common finch

Tazindikira kale kuti mbalamezi ndi mbalame zophunzirira, zomwe zimakhala ziwiri ziwiri panthawi yokhwima ndi yisa. Amuna ochokera kumayiko ofunda amabwera sabata isanakwane kuposa akazi. Nyengo yakumasirana imadziwika ndi kufuula kwawo kwakukulu komanso kuyimba mokweza. Nthawi yokwatirana, ndewu, chisokonezo, phokoso ndi mayendedwe amphongo kuchokera kumalo kupita kwina zimachitika, zimachitika zokha pamitengo yakuda ya mitengo kapena padziko lapansi.

Mkazi amayang'anira ntchito yomanga chisa, ndipo chachimuna chimamuthandiza popereka zida zofunikira pa izi. Kumanga kwake kumayamba mwezi umodzi atafika. Zisa zaffinch ndizokwera kwambiri komanso zakuya, makoma awo ndi olimba kwambiri. Chisa chimamangidwa ndi moss, ndere, nthambi zowonda, fluff, ubweya, makungwa a birch, ma cobwebs. Yotsirizira amapereka dongosolo kulimba ndi mphamvu. Zisa zimapezeka kumtunda (pafupifupi mita inayi), zomwe zimapezeka pamafoloko a nthambi zakuda.

Chosangalatsa: Ogwira ntchito achikazi osakhazikika, akamanga chisa, amapita kukafunafuna zomangira pafupifupi chikwi chimodzi ndi theka, nthawi iliyonse kukwera kumalo omangira.

Chisa chikakonzeka, ndi nthawi yoti muikire mazira, omwe nthawi zambiri amakhala kuyambira anayi mpaka asanu ndi awiri, amakhala obiliwira kapena obiriwira ofiira ofiira, okutidwa ndi mabala ofiira a utoto wofiirira pamwamba. Kukhadzula mazira ndiudindo wa mayi woyembekezera, kumatenga pafupifupi milungu iwiri. Pakadali pano, abambo amtsogolo amabweretsa chakudya kwa mnzake. Pakadutsa milungu iwiri, tiana tating'onoting'ono timabadwa, tomwe satha kuchita chilichonse ndipo taphimbidwa ndi kuwala kumbuyo ndi kumutu, ndipo khungu lawo limakhala ndi utoto wofiyira.

Abambo ndi amayi osamala amadyetsa ana awo pamodzi, ndikuyika tizilombo tating'onoting'ono tosiyanasiyana ndi mphutsi zawo m'kamwa mwawo. Simungayandikire chisa panthawiyi, chifukwa zitha kutha zomvetsa chisoni, a finches amatha kumusiya kwathunthu, ndiye ana amwalira. Chakumapeto kwa mwezi wa June, anapiye amayamba kuwuluka koyamba, makolo amadyetsa ana awo pafupifupi milungu iwiri. Mbalamezi zimatha kupanga cholumikizira chachiwiri chakumapeto kwa chilimwe, mumakhala mazira ochepa kuposa oyamba aja, ndipo zimachitikira mu chisa china chatsopano.

Adani achilengedwe a finch

Chithunzi: Chaffinch masika

Mbalame yotchedwa finch ndi mbalame yaing'ono, choncho ili ndi adani ambiri. Zilonda zimadwalanso ndi mbalame zazikuluzikulu: nkhono, akhwangwala, opangira mitengo, ma jays. Nthawi zambiri amapha anapiye ang'onoang'ono komanso mazira a mbalame zazing'ono. Usiku, chaffinch yemwe amakhala m'nkhalango amatha kukhala chakudya chodya nyama ya kadzidzi, chomwe sichifuna kudya nawo. Nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito njira zowopseza, kuwombera zowopsa, potero amatulutsa mbalame zazing'ono m'malo awo ogona usiku.

Adani a finch si mbalame zokha, komanso agologolo, ermines, martens, omwe amakhala okhazikika pamutu wa mitengo. Zinyama zomwe zimakhala m'malo osungira nyama zimatha kukhala amphaka amphaka wamba, omwe malingaliro awo osaka amakhala m'magazi awo. Amuna amakhala pachiwopsezo chachikulu akamaimba ma ballads, pakadali pano amasamala ndi kukhala tcheru, sawona chilichonse mozungulira, kuti athe kugwidwa mosavuta.

Anapiye omwe amapanga ndege zawo zoyambirira amathanso kufa. Anthu omwe amabwera ku zisa za mbalamezi amawabweretsera kuwonongeka kwakukulu, chifukwa zikatero, makolo amasiya anapiye awo, amawasiya kuti awonongeke. Zimbalamezi zimafanso chifukwa cha mankhwala ophera tizilombo omwe munthu amalima nawo minda ndi malamba amnkhalango. Mavuto azachilengedwe amachepetsanso kutalika kwa nthawi yamoyo ya mbalame zokongola modabwitsa izi.

Kuwonongeka kwa nkhalango sikulinso bwino kwa mbalame. Ngakhale kuti ndi yolimba, yolimba komanso yopirira, komabe, zoopsa zosiyanasiyana zimayembekezera mbalame yaying'onoyi, ndipo nthawi zina, mbalame yopanda chitetezo.

Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi

Chithunzi: Finch wamwamuna

Finch ikufalikira mokwanira, malo ake ogawa ndikofalikira, ndipo anthu ndi ochuluka kwambiri. Komabe, pali zinthu zambiri zomwe zimakhudza kuchuluka kwa kambalame kakang'ono aka.

Izi ndi izi:

• kudula mitengo mwachisawawa kumadera a m'nkhalango;
• kuwonongeka kwa malo okhala mokhazikika mbalame;
• kulowerera mu moyo wa mbalame;
• kuwonongedwa kwa malo awo okhala ndi zisa;
• kusowa kwa chakudya;
• kufutukula nthaka ya zaulimi;
• ntchito zachuma mwachangu za anthu.

Pali malo ocheperako pomwe mbalamezi zimatha kukhalira bwinobwino, choncho m'malo ambiri zimaswana, ndipo mbalame zimachepa. Zisa za mbalamezi ndizosangalatsa komanso zimawoneka, chifukwa chake nthawi zambiri zimawonongeka chifukwa chongofuna kudziwa chabe. Ngakhale pali zovuta zonsezi, pali umboni kuti pafupifupi awiriawiri miliyoni a mbalamezi amakhala ku Europe kokha. Kuphatikiza apo, mdera la Asia, mbalamezi zimalembedwanso ambiri. Mwachiwonekere, izi zimakhudzidwa ndi kupirira kwa mbalame yaying'ono iyi.

Chosangalatsa: Chifukwa chake, lero titha kunena molimba mtima kuti mbalame zazinyama, mwamwayi, sizowopsezedwa, mbalame zamtunduwu sizitetezedwa mwapadera ndipo ndizambiri. Tikuyembekeza kuti izi zipitilira mtsogolomo.

Pomaliza, ndikufuna kuwonjezera kuti kukongola kwa chaffinch, nyimbo yake yodabwitsa komanso yosangalatsa mtima imalimbikitsa, yosangalatsa komanso kupereka chisangalalo. Pamtundu wake wonse wosaletseka, mbalamezi zimabweretsanso phindu lalikulu, kuwononga mitundu yonse ya tizirombo. Kuyang'ana mbalambuyo, nkovuta kukhulupirira kuti kambalame kakang'ono chonchi kali ndi mphamvu zambiri, luso, kukonda ufulu, wowoneka bwino, wokongola komanso luso loimba.

Tsiku lofalitsa: 05/25/2019

Tsiku losintha: 20.09.2019 nthawi 20:55