Kite wam'kamwa (Macheiramphus alcinus) ndi wa dongosolo la Falconiformes.
Zizindikiro zakunja za kaye wam'kamwa
Kite wam'kamwa kwambiri amakhala ndi kukula kwa masentimita 51, mapiko a masentimita 95 mpaka 120. Kulemera - magalamu 600-650.
Ndi mbalame yapakatikati yodya nyama yomwe ili ndi mapiko aatali, akuthwa omwe amafanana ndi mphamba yomwe ikuuluka. Maso ake achikasu akulu ali ngati a kadzidzi, ndipo pakamwa pake pakamwambapo pamakhala sewero lodyedwa ndi nthenga. Makhalidwe awiriwa ndiofunikira pakusaka nthawi yamadzulo. Nthenga za mphamba wa milomo yotakata kwambiri zimakhala zakuda. Ngakhale mutayang'ana mwatcheru, zambiri pazithunzi sizimadziwika mu mdima, pomwe amakonda kubisala. Pankhaniyi, nsidze yaying'ono yoyera imawonekera bwino kumtunda kwa diso.
Khosi, chifuwa, mimba ndi mawanga oyera, sizowoneka bwino nthawi zonse, koma zimakhalapo nthawi zonse.
Kumbuyo kwa khosi kumakhala kanthawi kochepa, komwe kumawonekera nthawi yokolola. Mlomo umawoneka wawung'ono kwambiri ngati mbalame yayikulu chonchi. Miyendo ndi miyendo ndi yayitali komanso yopyapyala. Zikhomera zonse zakuthwa modabwitsa. Mkazi ndi wamwamuna amawoneka chimodzimodzi. Mtundu wa nthenga za mbalame zazing'ono sudetsa pang'ono kuposa wachikulire. Mbali zakumunsi ndizosiyana kwambiri ndi zoyera. Kiti yayikulu pakamwa imapanga ma subspecies atatu, omwe amasiyanitsidwa ndi mdima wocheperako muutoto wa nthenga ndi mithunzi yoyera pachifuwa.
Malo okhala mphaka wakukamwa
Mitunduyi imakhala ndi malo osiyanasiyana mpaka 2000 mita, yomwe imaphatikizapo nkhalango, nkhalango zowononga, nkhalango pafupi ndi midzi komanso zitsamba zomwe sizimauma. Kupezeka kwa mitundu iyi ya mbalame zodya nyama kumatsimikiziridwa ndi kupezeka kwa nyama zouluka, makamaka mileme, yomwe imagwira ntchito madzulo.
Ma kites otakata amakonda nkhalango zachikhalire zokhala ndi mitengo yokhwima kwambiri.
Amapezeka m'malo okhala ndi dothi lokwanira ndipo amatha kukhala m'nkhalango m'malo owuma momwe muli mileme ndi mitengo. Masana, nyama zolusa zokhala ndi nthenga zimangodalira mitengo yomwe ili ndi masamba obiriwira. Pofunafuna chakudya, amalowanso m'mizinda.
Mphamba wamkamwa wafalikira
Ma kites otambalala amagawidwa m'makontinenti awiri:
- mu Africa;
- ku Asia.
Ku Africa, amakhala kumwera kwenikweni kwa Sahara ku Senegal, Kenya, Transvaal, kumpoto kwa Namibia. Madera aku Asia akuphatikizapo Malacca Peninsula ndi Greater Sunda Islands. Komanso kumwera chakum'mawa kwa Papua New Guinea. Subpecies zitatu zimadziwika movomerezeka:
- Mr a. Alcinus imagawidwa kumwera kwa Burma, kumadzulo kwa Thailand, Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, Borneo ndi Sulawesi.
- M. a. papuanus - ku New Guinea
- M. andersonii amapezeka ku Africa kuchokera ku Senegal ndi Gambia mpaka ku Ethiopia kumwera mpaka ku South Africa ndi Madagascar.
Makhalidwe a kite wokamwa pakamwa
Mphamba wamlomo wotakata amawerengedwa kuti ndi nyama yolusa nthenga, koma ndikulimba kuposa momwe ambiri amakhulupirira. Amadyetsa makamaka madzulo, komanso amasaka ndi kuwala kwa mwezi. Mitundu ya ma mphaka imakonda kuuluka komanso kusaka masana. Nthawi zambiri masana, imabisala m'mitengo ikuluikulu yamitengo yayitali. Ndi mbandakucha, amatumphuka mwachangu m'mitengo ndikuwuluka ngati kabawi. Akasaka nyama, amapitilira nyama yake mofulumira.
Mtundu uwu wa mbalame zodya nyama umakhala ukugwira ntchito dzuwa likamalowa. Masana, ma kite amakamwa pakamwa amagona pangono ndipo amadzuka kutatsala mphindi 30 kuti ayambe kusaka. Nyamayo imagwidwa kwa mphindi 20 madzulo, koma mbalame zina zimasaka mbandakucha kapena usiku ma mileme akamawonekera pafupi ndi magwero owala kapena pakuwala kwa mwezi.
Ma kites amakono amayenda m'derali pafupi ndi khomo lawo kapena pafupi ndi madzi.
Amagwira ntchentcheyo ndipo amaimeza yonse. Nthawi zina nyama zolusa nthenga zimasaka zouluka panthambi ya mtengo. Amagwira nyama zawo ndi zikhadabo zakuthwa pothawa ndikumeza mwachangu chifukwa cha kukamwa kwawo. Ngakhale mbalame zazing'ono zimangolowa pakhosi la nyama yolusa yamphongo. Komabe, mphamba wa pakamwa ponse umabweretsa nyama zikuluzikulu pachisa ndi kudyera pamenepo. Mleme umodzi umamezedwa pafupifupi masekondi 6.
Kudyetsa pakiti pakamwa
Kite wam'kamwa mokwanira amadya mileme. Madzulo zimagwira pafupifupi anthu 17, iliyonse yolemera magalamu 20-75. Amasakanso mbalame, kuphatikizapo zisa zomwe zimapanga zisa m'mapanga a swiftlets ku Malaysia ndi Indonesia, komanso ma swifts, swallows, nightjars ndi tizilombo tambiri. Ma kite amphongo yayikulu amapeza nyama zawo m'mbali mwa mitsinje ndi madzi ena, posankha malo otseguka. Mbalame zodya nyama zimadyanso zokwawa zazing'ono.
M'malo oyatsidwa ndi magetsi oyatsa magetsi komanso nyali zamagalimoto, amapeza chakudya m'matawuni ndi m'mizinda. Nyama yamphongoyo ikasaka mosaphula kanthu, imapuma pang'ono isanayesenso kugwira nyama ina. Mapiko ake ataliatali amawomba mwakachetechete ngati kadzidzi, zomwe zimawonjezera chidwi chake mukamaukira.
Kuswana mphamba wamkamwa
Kitesite ya milomo yayikulu imabereka mu Epulo ku Gabon, mu Marichi ndi Okutobala-Novembala ku Sierra Leone, mu Epulo-Juni ndi Okutobala ku East Africa, komanso mu Meyi ku South Africa. Mbalame zodya nyama zimamanga chisa pa mtengo waukulu. Ndi nsanja yotakata yomangidwa ndi nthambi zazing'ono zomwe zili ndi masamba obiriwira. Chisa chimakhala pa mphanda kapena kunja kwa nthambi ya mitengo monga baobab kapena bulugamu.
Nthawi zambiri, mbalame zimakhazikika pamalo amodzi kwa zaka zambiri.
Pali milandu yodziwika bwino yodzala mitengo mumzinda womwe mileme amakhala. Mkazi amaikira mazira 1 kapena awiri amtundu wabuluu, nthawi zina amakhala ndi zotuwa zobiriwira kapena zofiirira kumapeto kwake. Mbalame ziwirizi zimagwiritsa ntchito ndalamazo kwa masiku 48. Anapiye amawoneka okutidwa ndi zoyera zoyera. Sasiya chisa kwa masiku pafupifupi 67. Mbewuzo zimadyetsedwa ndi mkazi komanso wamwamuna.
Kuteteza kwa kate ya broadmouth
Chiwerengero cha ma kites omwe ali ndi milomo yotakata ndikovuta kudziwa chifukwa cha moyo wake wamadzulo komanso chizolowezi chobisala m'masamba wandiweyani masana. Mtundu wa mbalame zodya nyama nthawi zambiri siziwoneka wamba. Ku South Africa, kachulukidwe kake ndi kotsika, munthu m'modzi amakhala m'dera lalikulu ma kilomita 450. M'madera otentha ngakhalenso m'mizinda, mphamba wa milomo yotakata ndiofala kwambiri. Choopsa chachikulu pakukhalapo kwa mitunduyi chimayambitsidwa ndi zochitika zakunja, popeza zisa zomwe zili panthambi zowopsa zimawonongedwa ndi mphepo yamphamvu. Zotsatira za mankhwala ophera tizilombo sizinafotokozeredwe.
Kiti ya milomo yotakata amawerengedwa ngati mtundu wamtundu wokhala ndi zoopseza zochepa.
