Katran, kapena galu wam'nyanja (Squalus acanthias), ndi shaki yotchuka kwambiri yomwe ili m'gulu la nsombazi zaminga ndi banja la Katran shark lochokera ku Katraniform. Wokhala m'madzi ozizira am'mabeseni am'nyanja zonse zapadziko lonse lapansi, monga lamulo, amapezeka pamtunda wosaposa mamita 1460. Pakadali pano, kutalika kwakutali kwa thupi kuli pakati pa masentimita 160-180.
Kufotokozera kwa katran
Katran, kapena galu wam'nyanja, ndi amodzi mwamitundu yodziwika kwambiri ya nsombazi masiku ano. Wokhala m'madzi wotere amadziwikanso ndi mayina:
- katran wamba;
- nsombazi wamba;
- nsombazi
- nsombazi;
- nsombazi;
- mchenga katran;
- kum'mwera katran;
- marigold.
Galu wam'nyanja amasangalatsidwa kwambiri ndi masewera am'madzi komanso kusodza chifukwa chakusowa kwa fungo la ammonia lamitundu ina yambiri ya nsombazi.
Maonekedwe
Pamodzi ndi nsomba zina zambiri, nsombazi zimakhala ndi thupi lopepuka lomwe limawerengedwa kuti ndi limodzi mwa nsomba zabwino kwambiri. Katran thupi kufika kutalika kwa 150-160 masentimita, koma anthu ambiri kukula pazipita musalumphe mita. Tiyenera kudziwa kuti agalu anyanja achikazi ndi akulu pang'ono kuposa amuna.... Chifukwa cha mafupa a cartilaginous, kulemera kwa nsombazi kumachepetsedwa kwambiri, mosasamala kanthu za msinkhu wa nyama zolusa.
Katrans ali ndi thupi lalitali komanso lowonda lomwe limalola kuti azidula madzi mosavuta komanso mwachangu komanso kuyenda mwachangu chokwanira. Chifukwa cha mchira wa masamba osiyanasiyana, ntchito yoyendetsa chiwongolero imachitika ndipo kuyenda kwa nsomba zodya nyama kumathandizika. Khungu la katran limakutidwa ndi masikelo ang'onoang'ono a placoid. Mbali ndi kumbuyo kwake nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi mdima wakuda wakuda, pomwe nthawi zina pamakhala mawanga oyera.
Mphuno ya sipiniki, yamphongo yafupikitsa yokhala ndi mfundo yoonekera. Mtunda woyambira kuchokera kumapeto kwenikweni kwa mphutsi mpaka pakamwa pakadutsa pafupifupi 1.3 m'lifupi pakamwa. Maso ake amakhala pamtunda wofanana kuchokera pachimake choyamba ndi kumapeto kwa mphuno. Mphuno zake zimasunthira kumapeto kwenikweni kwa mphuno. Mano a nsombazi amatulutsa nsagwada ziwiri, zakuthwa komanso zosagwirizana, zomwe zili m'mizere ingapo. Chida chakuthwa ndi chowopsa chotere chimalola chilombocho kudula ndikung'amba chakudya mzidutswa tating'ono ting'ono.
Minyewa yakuthwa imapezeka pafupi kwenikweni ndi zipsepse zakuthambo. Msana woyamba woterewu ndiwofupikitsa kuposa kotsekemera, koma mofanana ndi maziko ake. Msana wachiwiri umadziwika ndi kutalika kwakutali; chifukwa chake, ndi wofanana kutalika ndi dorsal wachiwiri fin, womwe ndi wocheperako kuposa woyamba fin.
Ndizosangalatsa! Pamalo amutu wa bulitchi wamba, pafupifupi pamwamba pa maso, pali nthambi zamafilifi komanso zophulika zazifupi kapena zotchedwa lobes.
The anal fin kulibe mu galu wam'nyanja. Zipsepse za pectoral ndizokulirapo, zokulirapo pang'ono pang'ono. Zipsepse za m'chiuno zimakhala ndi maziko oyandikira kumapeto kwachiwiri.
Moyo, machitidwe
Ntchito yapadera pakulowetsa nsombazi m'malo opitilira nyanja amapatsidwa gawo lofunikira - mzere wotsatira... Ndi chifukwa cha chiwalo chapaderachi, nsomba yayikulu yodya nyama imatha kumva kugwedera kulikonse, ngakhale pang'ono pokha. Mphamvu ya fungo la nsombazi ndi chifukwa cha maenje - mphuno zapadera zomwe zimapita molunjika kukhosi la nsomba.
Shaki wonyezimira wonyezimira patali kwambiri amatha kugwira mosavuta chinthu chapadera chomwe chimatulutsidwa ndi wochita mantha. Maonekedwe a nyama zolusa m'madzi akusonyeza kuyenda zosaneneka, luso msanga kukhala liwiro yabwino ndi kuthamangitsa nyama yake mpaka mapeto. Katrans samaukira munthu, chifukwa chake wam'madziyu siowopsa kwa anthu.
Katran amakhala nthawi yayitali bwanji
Malinga ndi zomwe awonapo, nthawi yayitali ya moyo wa shark spark shaka ndi yayitali kwambiri, imafikira kotala kwambiri zaka zana limodzi.
Zoyipa zakugonana
Zizindikiro zakugonana mwa agalu achikulire ndi achichepere sizomwe zimawonetsedwa bwino ndipo zimayimiridwa ndi kusiyana kukula. Kutalika kwa katrans wamwamuna wamkulu, monga lamulo, kumakhala kochepera mita, ndipo kukula kwa thupi la katrans wamkazi nthawi zambiri kumapitilira 100 masentimita.Ndiosavuta kusiyanitsa sharkick kapena katran posakhalapo kumapeto kwa anal, chomwe ndichinthu chachimuna ndi chachikazi cha mtundu uwu.
Malo okhala, malo okhala
Dera logawira katran ndi lotambalala kwambiri, chifukwa chake pali malo ambiri m'nyanja zapadziko lapansi pomwe pali mwayi wowona nyama zam'madzi zotere. Kuchokera kudera la Greenland kupita ku Argentina, kuchokera pagombe la Iceland mpaka kuzilumba za Canary, ku Indian ndi Pacific Oceans, pafupi ndi magombe a Japan ndi Australia, nsombazi ndizochepa kwambiri.
Komabe, amakonda kupewa madzi ozizira kwambiri komanso ofunda, chifukwa chake ndizosatheka kukumana ndi nzika zam'madzi izi ku Arctic kapena Antarctica, komanso m'nyanja zam'malo otentha. Milandu yakusamukira kwakutali kwa nthumwi za spiny shark imalembedwa mobwerezabwereza.
Ndizosangalatsa! Pamwamba pamadzi, zimakhala zotheka kuwona galu wam'madzi kapena katrana usiku kapena nthawi yopuma, pomwe kutentha kwamadzi kumakhala pafupi ndi 15 ° C.
M'madera a Russia, nsombazi zimamveka bwino m'madzi a Black, Okhotsk ndi Bering. Monga lamulo, nsomba zotere sizimakonda kusunthira kutali ndi gombe, koma pofunafuna chakudya, ma katran amatengeka kwambiri, chifukwa chake amatha kusambira mpaka kunyanja. Oimira mitunduyo amakonda kukhala pansi pa nyanja, ndipo nthawi zina amamira mozama kwambiri, komwe amapita m'masukulu ang'onoang'ono.
Zakudya za Katran
Maziko a katrans amaimiridwa ndi nsomba zamitundumitundu, kuphatikizapo cod, sardine ndi herring, komanso mitundu yonse ya nkhanu ngati nkhanu ndi nkhanu. Nthawi zambiri, ma cephalopods, omwe amaphatikizapo squid ndi octopus, komanso nyongolotsi ndi nyama zina zomwe zimakhala ndi moyo wachisangalalo, amakhala nyama ya spiny shark wamba.
Nthawi zina shark wamkulu amatha kudya nsomba zam'madzi, komanso samapewa udzu wam'madzi.... Kutsatira kuyenda kwa nsomba zingapo zolusa, nsombazi m'malo ena zimatha kusamuka kwambiri. Mwachitsanzo, pagombe la Atlantic ku America, komanso kum'mawa kwa madzi a Nyanja ya Japan, agalu am'nyanja amayenda maulendo ataliatali.
Ndizosangalatsa! M'madzi momwe mumakhala nsomba zambiri zothwanima, nyama zam'madzi zoterezi zimawononga kwambiri usodzi, popeza ma katrans akulu amatha kudya nsomba mu ndowe ndi maukonde, amaluma ndikuthyola maukonde.
M'nyengo yozizira, achinyamata ndi ma katrans akuluakulu amayesetsa kumamatira limodzi, kutsika mita 100-200 kuchokera pamwamba. Pakuya kwambiri, boma labwino la kutentha kwa moyo ndi kusaka limasungidwa, ndipo palinso kuchuluka kwa mackerel ndi anchovy. M'nyengo yotentha kwambiri, katrans amatha kusaka azungu pagulu.
Kubereka ndi ana
Chimodzi mwazinthu zodziwika bwino za kubereketsa kwa nsomba iliyonse, yomwe imasiyanitsa ndi nsomba zamathambo osiyanasiyana, ndi kuthekera kwa umuna wamkati. Ma katrans onse ali mgulu la mitundu ya ovoviviparous. Masewera okwatirana a shark amachitika pakuya kwamamita 40. Mazira omwe akutukuka amayikidwa mthupi la akazi, omwe amakhala mkati mwa makapisozi apadera. Chilichonse chamkati cha gelatinous capsule chimakhala ndi mazira pafupifupi 3-15 okhala ndi mamilimita 40mm.
Akazi amabala ana kwa nthawi yayitali kwambiri. Mimba yotereyi, yayitali kwambiri pakati pa nsombazi zonse zomwe zilipo, imatha miyezi 18 mpaka 22. Malo oti ana amphwitse ana amasankhidwa pafupi ndi gombe. Mbewu ya imodzi yotchedwa spiny shark imatha kukhala ndi 6-29 mwachangu. Sharki wobadwa kumene amakhala ndi zophimba zapadera paminga, chifukwa chake sizimavulaza kholo lawo. Milandu yotereyi imatha pambuyo pobadwa.
Shark shark wobadwa kumene amakhala ndi kutalika kwa thupi masentimita 20-26. Mazira oyambilira akakhala kuti akukonzekera kubadwa, gawo latsopano la mazira likukhwima kale m'mimba mwa amayi.
M'madera akumpoto, achinyamata a chilombo chotere amapezeka pafupifupi pakati masika, ndipo m'madzi a Nyanja ya Japan, nsombazi zimabadwa mzaka khumi zapitazi za Ogasiti. Poyamba, spiny shark amadya pachakudya chapadera cha yolk sac, chomwe chimasunga chakudya chokwanira chofunikira.
Ndizosangalatsa! Kukula kwa katrans, pamodzi ndi mitundu ina ya shark, kumakhala kovuta kwambiri, ndipo kupuma kumaperekedwa ndi mphamvu zambiri, zomwe zimawonongeka chifukwa chakumwa chakudya pafupipafupi.
Ana obadwa kudziko lapansi ndi othandizika komanso odziyimira pawokha, chifukwa chake amatha kudzipezera chakudya chofunikira. Pazaka khumi ndi chimodzi zokha, amuna amtundu wa shark shark kapena katran amafika mpaka kutalika kwa thupi masentimita 80 ndikukhala okhwima kwathunthu pakugonana. Azimayi oimira mitundu iyi amatha kubala ana chaka chimodzi ndi theka, mpaka kutalika kwa mita imodzi.
Adani achilengedwe
Nsomba zonse zili ndi nzeru zapamwamba, zimasiyanitsidwa ndi ukatswiri wachilengedwe komanso mphamvu zachilengedwe, koma m'malo awo achilengedwe alibe "osafuna zoipa" okha, komanso otsutsana nawo. Adani oyipitsitsa a shark mwachilengedwe ndi okhala m'madzi akulu kwambiri, omwe amaimiridwa ndi anamgumi. anamgumi amphawi... Komanso, anthu amakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi anthu komanso nsomba za hedgehog, zomwe zimatha kuphimba pakhosi la nsombazi ndi singano ndi thupi lawo, ndikupangitsa kuti afe ndi njala.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Katrans ali mgulu la nyama zam'madzi zambiri, zomwe anthu ake sawopsezedwa pakadali pano. Komabe, wokhala m'madzi otere ndiwofunika kwambiri pamalonda, ndipo chiwindi cha shaki chimakhala ndi chinthu chomwe chimathandizira mitundu ina ya oncology.
