Kangaude wa Tarantula, kapena wodya mbalame, amawoneka osakumbukika komanso owoneka bwino kwambiri. Tizilombo toyambitsa matendawa ndi waukulu kukula, ndi miyendo yayitali, yowopsya ndi mtundu wowala, womwe umakhala wowala kwambiri ndikutuluka kulikonse. Mtundu uwu wa kangaude umagawidwa m'mitundu yambiri. Komabe, onse amawoneka kuti ndi owopsa, pamlingo winawake.
Kwa munthu wamkulu, wathanzi, kuluma kwawo sikungakhale koopsa, koma kumatha kupangitsa kuzizira, nseru, kusanza, kugwedezeka, kutentha thupi kwambiri, kusagwirizana kwambiri, ndi kuwotcha. Kwa munthu wokalamba, wofooka, kapena mwana, nyama yaying'ono, kulumidwa ndi kachilomboka kumatha kupha.
Chiyambi cha mitundu ndi kufotokozera
Chithunzi: Spider tarantula
Kangaudeyu ndi wa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, ndi nthumwi ya gulu la arachnids, dongosolo la akangaude, banja la akangaude - tarantulas. Dzina la kangaude wakupha uyu amachokera pachithunzi chojambulidwa ndi wojambula waku Germany a Maria Sibylla Merian, yemwe amawonetsa kangaude akuukira mbalame ya hummingbird. Iyenso anali mboni ya zochitikazi, zomwe adatha kuziona ali ku Suriname.
Akangaude awa ndi am'munsi mwa ma arachnids akale. M'magulu osiyanasiyana, nthawi zambiri amatchedwa tarantula. Komabe, izi zimachitika chifukwa chamasulidwe olakwika amawu awo. Asayansi ambiri komanso ochita kafukufuku amawona kuti ndibwino kusiyanitsa akangaude amtundu wa tizilombo tosiyanasiyana, monga zinkhanira.
Kanema: Kangaude tarantula
Kwa nthawi yoyamba, kufotokozedwa kwa mtundu uwu wa nyamakazi kunawonekera m'zaka za zana la 18 pambuyo poti wojambula waku Germany abwerera kuchokera kuulendo wautali wamphepete mwa gombe la South America, komwe kunali anthu ochepa m'masiku amenewo. Ataona zochitika zachilendo za kangaude akuukira kambalame kakang'ono, adazisamutsira pachingwe chake. Atafika kunyumba, chithunzicho chidaperekedwa kwa anthu onse. Komabe, nkhaniyi idatsutsidwa mwamphamvu ndi anthu, chifukwa palibe amene angakhulupirire kuti tizilombo titha kudyetsa tizilombo tating'onoting'ono kapena mbalame.
Komabe, patadutsa zaka zana limodzi ndi theka, umboni wokwanira udapezeka pazomwe zidachitikazi ndipo dzina la kangaude wa tarantula lidakhazikika mwamphamvu kwa nyamayi. Masiku ano, akangaude amapezeka pamagulu osiyanasiyana. Amagawidwa m'magulu ang'onoang'ono, omwe ofufuza amakhala pafupifupi chikwi.
Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Kangaude wa Goliath tarantula
Kangaude wa tarantula ali ndi mawonekedwe osakumbukika, owala. Ali ndi miyendo yayitali yokutidwa ndi ma villi olimba, wandiweyani. Zimagwira ngati ziwalo zakukhudza ndi kununkhiza.
Mowoneka, zikuwoneka kuti nyamakazi ili ndi mapaundi asanu ndi limodzi, koma ngati mutayang'anitsitsa, zimawonekeratu kuti kangaude ali ndi miyendo inayi yokha. Izi ndi miyendo, imodzi yomwe imagwera pa chelicerae, yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kukumba maenje, kuteteza, kusaka ndi kusuntha nyama yomwe yagwidwa, komanso ma pedipalps, omwe amagwira ntchito ngati ziwalo zogwira. Chelicerae, yomwe imakhala ndi timadontho ta tiziwalo chakupha, imalunjika kutsogolo.
Ma subspecies ena amakhala akulu, mpaka masentimita 27-30. Pafupifupi, kutalika kwa thupi la munthu wamkulu kumachokera pa masentimita 4 mpaka 10-11, kupatula kutalika kwa miyendo. Kulemera kwa thupi ndi magalamu 60-90. Komabe, pali anthu amene kulemera ukufika 130-150 magalamu.
Mtundu uliwonse wamtunduwu uli ndi mtundu wowala komanso wachindunji. Ndi mtundu uliwonse wotsatira wa molt, utoto umakhala wowala komanso wodzaza.
Chosangalatsa: Nthawi yosungunuka, sikuti mtundu umangowala komanso kukhathamira, komanso kukula kwa thupi kumakulanso. Anthu ena pakadutsa molting amatha kuchuluka katatu kapena kanayi!
Nthawi zina pakuchita kusungunuka, kangaudeyo samatha kumasula miyendo yake. Mwachibadwa amapatsidwa luso lotha kuwataya. Komabe, pambuyo pa ma molts atatu kapena anayi, amabwezeretsedwanso.
Thupi la nyamakazi ili ndi magawo awiri: cephalothorax ndi mimba, zomwe zimalumikizana ndi dera lolimba. Zigawo za thupi zimakutidwa ndi zotengera zakuda kwambiri - chitin. Malo otetezerawa amateteza nyamakazi kuti zisawonongeke komanso zimathandiza kupewa chinyezi. Izi ndizofunikira makamaka kwa tizilombo tomwe timakhala kumadera otentha komanso ouma.
Cephalothorax imatetezedwa ndi chishango cholimba chotchedwa carapace. Pamaso pake pali awiriawiri anayi amaso. Ziwalo zam'mimba ndi ziwalo zoberekera zili pamimba. Pamapeto pamimba pali zowonjezera zomwe zimapangitsa kuti athe kuluka ukonde wa kangaude.
Kodi kangaude wa tarantula amakhala kuti?
Chithunzi: Kangaude wa tarantula woopsa
Akangaude a Tarantula ndi achilengedwe kwambiri ndipo amakhala pafupifupi padziko lonse lapansi. Chokhacho ndicho gawo la Antarctica. Akangaude amakhala ochepa ku Europe kuposa madera ena.
Madera akutali ofalitsa arthropods:
- South America;
- Kumpoto kwa Amerika;
- Australia;
- New Zealand;
- Oceania;
- Italy;
- Portugal;
- Spain.
Malo okhala makamaka amatsimikiziridwa ndi mitundu. Mitundu ina yake imagonjetsedwa ndi chilala ndipo imakhala m'zipululu momwe muli nyengo yotentha. Ena amakonda madera okhala ndi nkhalango zotentha kapena zam'malo otentha. Kutengera chilengedwe ndi mtundu wa malo okhala, akangaude amagawika m'magulu angapo: kubowola, malo obzala ndi dothi. Chifukwa chake, amakhala m'mapanga, m'mitengo kapena m'tchire, kapena padziko lapansi.
Ndichidziwikire kuti magawo osiyanasiyana amakulitsidwe, akangaude amatha kusintha mawonekedwe ndi malo okhala. Mphutsi zomwe zimakhala m'mabowo panthawiyi, zikafika pa msinkhu wotha msinkhu, zimatuluka m'mayenje awo ndipo zimathera nthawi yawo yambiri padziko lapansi. Anthu ambiri omwe amadya mbalame omwe amakonda kukhala m'makumba amawafukula okha ndi kuwalimbikitsa powaluka ndi timitengo. Nthawi zina, maenje a mbewa zazing'ono zomwe amadya ndi kangaude amatha kukhalapo. Akangaude omwe amakhala pamitengo kapena zitsamba amatha kupanga machubu apadera kuchokera pa intaneti.
Chifukwa chakuti akangaude amawerengedwa kuti amangokhala pansi, amakhala nthawi yayitali m'malo osankhidwa kapena opangidwa. Amuna ndi akazi, omwe atsitsimutsidwa bwino komanso atsitsimutsidwa bwino, sangachoke komwe amabisala kwa miyezi ingapo.
Tsopano mukudziwa komwe kangaude wa tarantula amakhala, tiyeni tiwone zomwe mungadyetse tarantula.
Kodi kangaude wa tarantula amadya chiyani?
Chithunzi: Kangaude wa poizoni wa tarantula
Tizilombo sizimadya nyama nthawi zambiri, koma zimawerengedwa ngati zolusa ndipo zimadya zokha nyama. Makhalidwe azigawo zimafunikira chakudya chosavuta kugaya, chosakhwima.
Zomwe zimakhala ngati chakudya cha akangaude a tarantula:
- mbalame;
- makoswe ang'onoang'ono ndi zosawerengeka;
- tizilombo;
- arthropods ang'onoang'ono, kuphatikizapo akangaude;
- nsomba;
- amphibiya.
Ziwalo zogaya zidapangidwa mwanjira yoti sizingathe kuthana ndi nyama ya nkhuku. Komabe, m'chilengedwe, mulinso akangaude omwe amalimbana ndi mbalame zazing'ono. Gawo lalikulu la chakudya cha tarantulas ndi tizilombo tating'onoting'ono - mphemvu, mphutsi zamagazi, ntchentche, nyamakazi. Achibale a Arachnid amathanso kukhala adani.
Akangaude a Tarantula sangatchulidwe ngati tizilombo tomwe timagwira, chifukwa chake, kuti agwire nyama yawo, nthawi zambiri amadikirira nyama yomwe abisalira. Chifukwa cha tsitsi lawo lopanda chidwi, amadziwa chilichonse chomwe chingagwire nyama. Amathanso kuzindikira kukula ndi mtundu wa wovulalayo. Akafika pafupi momwe angathere, kangaude amamenya mwachangu, kumulowetsa poyizoni.
Nthawi yomwe akangaude ali ndi njala kwambiri, amatha kuthamangitsa nyamayo, kapena kuzembera mosamala mpaka atayandikira kwambiri. Akangaude omwe angotuluka kumene m'mazira samva njala kapena kusowa chakudya.
Makhalidwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Spider tarantula
Kangaude wa tarantula amakhala yekha. Amakonda kuthera nthawi yawo yambiri m'malo obisalamo omwe asankha. Ngati akangaude ali odzaza, sangachoke kwawo kwa miyezi ingapo. Mitundu imeneyi ya kangaude imadziwika ndi moyo wokhala kwayekha, wosakhazikika. Ngati ndi kotheka, akangaude amachoka pogona makamaka usiku.
Mtundu uwu wa nyamakazi umadziwika ndi machitidwe osayembekezereka, komanso kusintha kosintha m'zochitika zosiyanasiyana za moyo. Posankha malo obisalapo, akangaude amakonda kukhala pafupi ndi zomera kuti awonjezere mwayi wopeza chakudya. Akangaude achikulire omwe amakhala mu korona wamitengo amatha kuluka bwino.
Chimodzi mwazinthu zofunikira kwambiri m'moyo wa nyamakazi iliyonse ndi kusungunuka. Juveniles molt pafupifupi mwezi uliwonse. Kangaude wamkulu akamakula, samachedwa kuwola kwambiri. Pakusungunuka, pak imakula, imasintha mtundu wake. Asanasungunuke, akangaude amasiya kudyetsa kuti zikhale zosavuta kuchotsa chivundikiro cholimba cha chitinous. Nthawi zambiri, ma arthropod amapita kumbuyo kwawo kuti athetse zipolopolo zawo mosavuta komanso mwachangu.
Akangaude amawerengedwa kuti ndi akatswiri pazakutalika kwa moyo. Anthu ena amakhala zaka 30. Nthawi yayitali yokhala ndi moyo ndi zaka 20-22. Ngakhale kukula kwake kodabwitsa, ma tarantula ali ndi adani ambiri mukamakhala mwachilengedwe.
Podzitchinjiriza, ma arthropod ali ndi zida zodzitetezera:
- zimbudzi kuukira;
- kuluma koizoni;
- villi woluma pamimba.
Mothandizidwa ndi tsitsi, akazi amateteza ana awo amtsogolo. Amawaluka pa intaneti, ndipo amakola kokoko. Chida chogwira ntchito chomwe chimawopseza adani ndi ndowe, zomwe akangaude amatumiza kumaso kwa mdaniyo.
Kakhalidwe ndi kubereka
Chithunzi: Kangaude wamkulu wa tarantula
Amuna amakula msanga kwambiri kuposa akazi, koma nthawi yomwe amakhala ndi moyo ndiyotsika poyerekeza ndi ya akazi. Mwamuna samakhala osaposa chaka chimodzi, ndipo ngati atakwanitsa kukwatirana ndi wamkazi, ndiye kuti amakhala moyo wocheperako.
Amuna ali ndi ndowe zapadera, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimatchedwa ngowe za tibial. Ndi chithandizo chawo, abambo amasunga zazikazi, nthawi yomweyo amadziteteza kwa iwo, chifukwa pakuyamba kukwatira, akazi amakhala osadalirika komanso mwamakani. Asanayambe kufunafuna mnzake woyenera, amuna amaluka ukonde wapadera, womwe amatulutsa timadzi tating'ono pang'ono. Kenako amakoka m'mphepete mwa intaneti ndimiyendo yawo ndikukoka.
Ngakhale mkazi atakhala wokonda wokwatirana naye, kukwatirana sikuchitika popanda kuchita miyambo yapadera. Ndi chithandizo chawo, nyamakazi imadziwa ngati ali a mtundu womwewo kapena ayi. Mtundu uliwonse umadziwika ndi miyambo yapadera yozindikira kubadwa: kugwedeza thupi, kugwedeza miyendo, ndi zina zambiri.
Njira yolumikizirana imatha kuchitika nthawi yomweyo, kapena zimatha kutenga maola angapo. Zimakhala ndi kusamutsa kwamadzimadzi ndimiyendo yamwamuna kulowa mthupi la mkazi. Mapeto akulumikiza, amunawo amayesetsa kupuma pantchito nthawi yomweyo. Kupanda kutero, chachikazi chimadya champhongo.
Pambuyo pake, mazira amapangidwa mthupi la mkazi. Nthawi ikafika, mkazi amaikira mazira. Chiwerengero cha mazira chimadalira subspecies. Mkazi amatha kuikira mazira makumi khumi mpaka chikwi. Kenako chachikazi chimapanga mtundu wa chikhuku momwe amaikiramo mazira ake ndi kuwaswa. Izi zimatenga masiku 20 mpaka zana.
Munthawi imeneyi, akazi amakhala okwiya komanso osadalirika. Amatha kuteteza mopanda mantha komanso mopanda mantha ana amtsogolo, kapena atha kudya chilichonse mosazengereza ngati akumva njala yayikulu. Nymphs zimatuluka kuchokera ku chikoko, chomwe chimayamba kusungunuka chimakula ndikusanduka mphutsi, kenako kukhala akuluakulu.
Adani achilengedwe a akangaude a tarantula
Chithunzi: Kangaude wa poizoni wa tarantula
Ngakhale kukula kwakukulu, mawonekedwe owopsa komanso kupezeka kwa chitetezo, akangaude a tarantula ali ndi adani ambiri mwachilengedwe. Nawonso nthawi zambiri amakhala nyama ya tizilombo tina. Mmodzi mwa adani oipitsitsa a kangaude wa tarantula ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ma centipedes. Sasaka tarantulas okha, komanso ena, akalulu akulu ndi njoka.
Tarantula nthawi zambiri imakhala nyama ya nthumwi ya mtundu wa ethmostigmus, kapena arachnids wokulirapo. Ambiri amphibians amakhalanso pakati pa adani a tarantula, kuphatikizapo chule wamkulu, chule wamtengo woyera, milomo yoyera, ndi zina zotero. invertebrates zina sizimadana nazo nthawi zina kumadya nyama zodya mbalame.
Mtundu wa arachnid umayambitsidwanso ndi tiziromboti tomwe timayika mazira mthupi la akangaude. Mphutsi zimatuluka m'mazira, zomwe zimawononga thupi la wolandirayo, kuzidya mkati kapena kunja. Chiwerengero cha tiziromboti chikakula, kangaude amangofa chifukwa choti mphutsi zimadya zenizeni.
Chosangalatsa: Nyamayi ili ndi mpikisano waukulu ngati kangaude wa goliath. Pakukhala kwawo mwachilengedwe, amapikisana nawo kuti apeze chakudya.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Chithunzi: Kangaude wamwamuna wa tarantula
Masiku ano, kangaude wa tarantula amadziwika kuti ndi woimira arachnid wamba. Amakhala pafupifupi kulikonse. Kupatula kwake ndi Antarctica, komanso zigawo zina za ku Europe. Pali mitundu ingapo ya mitundu yomwe siofala ngati ina, koma siinaphatikizidwe pamndandanda wazinyama ndi nyama zomwe zili mu Red Book.
Palibe zochitika zapadera kapena mapulogalamu okhudzana ndi chitetezo cha akangaude m'dziko lililonse padziko lapansi. Komabe, kumene akangaude amapezeka ponseponse, ntchito zidziwitso zikuchitika ndi anthu pokhudzana ndi mchitidwewo akakumana ndi chida chakupha, chifukwa zitha kukhala pachiwopsezo chachikulu.
Kangaude wa tarantula ndi wofala m'maiko osiyanasiyana ngati chiweto. Obereketsa komanso okonda nyama zosowa nthawi zambiri amasankha. Sali wamatsenga malinga ndi mndende, siosowa komanso odula, safuna chakudya chapadera. Kuti mukhale ndi chiweto chodabwitsa kwambiri, m'pofunika kuphunzira mosamala momwe zimasamalirira komanso momwe zimakhalira ndi thanzi.
Kangaude wa Tarantula ili ndi mawonekedwe achindunji, owoneka bwino komanso kukula kwakukulu. Ndi wamba pafupifupi kulikonse padziko lapansi. Mukakumana naye, musaiwale kuti kangaudeyo ndi woopsa. Obereketsa nyama zosowa amalangizidwa kuti adzidziwe bwino njira zoyambira kulumidwa ndi tizilombo.
Tsiku lofalitsa: 11.06.2019
Tsiku losinthidwa: 22.09.2019 pa 23:58
