Zolemba - Ichi ndi chimodzi mwazizindikiro zozizwitsa komanso zodabwitsa za banja la mphaka. Nyama yowonongekayo, yomwe idachokera ku Africa, imamva bwino ikakhala kunyumba. Yemwe akuyimira banja la feline ali ndi kukongola kodabwitsa komanso ubweya wowoneka bwino, womwe ndiwofunika kwambiri. Pachifukwa ichi, amphaka omwe amakhala m'malo achilengedwe amasakidwa. Ichi ndiye chifukwa chake kuchepa kwawo kwakuchuluka.
Chiyambi cha mitundu ndi kufotokozera
Chithunzi: Serval
Serval ndi a nyama zodya nyama, zopatsidwa mtundu wa Servals, mtundu wa amphaka a shrub. Pakadali pano, akatswiri azanyama amasiyanitsa mitundu 14 yazinthu zamtunduwu. Poyamba, anali ochulukirapo, ndipo amakhala mozungulira kontinenti ya Africa. Poyamba, nzika zaku Africa zidatcha amuna okongola okongola "serval cat". Komabe, asayansi pambuyo pake adazindikira kuti ili si dzina lolondola ndipo adayamba kutcha "serval".
Ma subspecies ambiri omwe alipo alipo adawonongedwa mochuluka, imodzi mwayo idalembedwa mu Red Book ngati ili pachiwopsezo.
Kumapeto kwa zaka zapitazi, nyama izi zidakopa chidwi cha akatswiri azanyama, omwe adaganiza zoyesa kuweta amphaka amtchire okongola kwambiri. Kuyesaku kunachita kukhala kopambana kwambiri, popeza nyamayo imazolowera msanga momwe amasungidwira ndikumva bwino ngati chiweto. Felinologists adasanganitsanso amphaka awiri amphaka - Savannah ndi Ashera.
Atumiki nawonso adawoloka bwino ndi nyama zakufa. Amphaka obadwa kumene amatchedwa servicals kapena mikate. Lero, ma servic amawerengedwa kuti ndi okwera mtengo kwambiri komanso ziweto zapamwamba, zomwe si aliyense amene angakwanitse.
Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Zinyama Zanyama
Serval ndi mphaka wakutchire wokongola kwambiri. Zambiri zakunja zili ndi zizindikilo zofananira ndi mphaka kapena mphaka wagolide. Amawonekanso ngati amphaka akuluakulu, olimba komanso olimba. Kutalika kwa thupi la munthu wamkulu wamkulu ndi masentimita 80-140. Kutalika kwa thupi ndikufota ndi masentimita 40-70. Kulemera kwa munthu wamkulu ndi makilogalamu 18-22. Nyamazi zimakhala ndi mchira wawung'ono koma wakuda, womwe kutalika kwake ndi masentimita 20-35.
Atumiki ali ndi mutu wawung'ono pokhudzana ndi kukula kwa thupi. Kunya kwa m'mphuno kumafanana ndi thunzi ya mphaka. Ma Servids ali ndi makutu akulu, ataliatali, omwe amadziwika kuti ndi "khadi yoitanira" ya chinyama. Amakwezedwa pamwamba ndikutsekedwa ndi tsitsi mkati. Dera la mphuno ndi mlatho wa mphuno ndizotakata, mphuno nthawi zambiri imakhala yakuda. Maso ake ndi owoneka ngati amondi, owonekera bwino, owala.
Kanema: Serval
Oyimira banjali ali ndi thupi losinthasintha, lowonda komanso lamphamvu. Alinso ndi miyendo yosinthasintha, yopyapyala komanso yokongola kwambiri. Mwa mamembala onse am'banja lachikazi, ali ndi miyendo yayitali kwambiri yofanana ndi thupi. Miyendo yakumbuyo ndiyotalikirapo pang'ono kuposa yakutsogolo. Oimira banjali ali ndi minofu yamphamvu kwambiri.
Chovalacho ndi chachifupi komanso chakuda, chowala kwambiri. Mtundu wake ndi wofanana ndi wa nyalugwe. Chiwembu cha utoto chimayang'aniridwa ndi imvi yagolide. M'dera la khosi, chifuwa ndi mimba, chovalacho ndi chopepuka, chamkaka kapena choyera. Polimbana ndi ubweya wagolide wagolide kapena wamkaka, pali timadontho ndi mikwingwirima yakuda. Mtundu wa malaya umadziwika makamaka ndi dera lomwe amakhala.
Nyama zomwe zimakhala m'mapiriwa zimakhala ndi utoto wowala komanso mawanga akulu, nyama zomwe zimakhala m'nkhalango zimasiyanitsidwa ndi mtundu wakuda, pafupifupi bulauni. Palinso anthu akuda omwe amakhala m'mapiri.
Kodi serval amakhala kuti?
Chithunzi: Serval cat
Mwachilengedwe, antchito amakhala mokhazikika mdziko la Africa. Kunyumba, amapezeka m'malo ndi makontinenti osiyanasiyana. Amakhala m'malo otseguka ndi zitsamba ndi udzu. Chofunikira chachikulu cha amphaka amtchire kumalo okhala ndi kupezeka kwa mitengo yokwera komanso malo osambiramo. Amatha kukhala kumapiri, komanso m'mphepete mwa nkhalango. Zipululu, zigwa zowuma sizoyenera kukhala malo okhala.
Madera akutali ofalitsa ntchito:
- Uganda;
- Angola;
- Guinea;
- Togo;
- Algeria;
- Kenya;
- Morocco;
- Ethiopia.
Nyama zakutchire zaku Africa zimagawidwa ndimitundu yosiyanasiyana pafupifupi konsekonse. Chotsalira ndi chipululu cha Sahara, Cape ndi equator. M'madera omwe ali kumpoto kwa Sahara, nyamayi yokoma mtima ndi alendo osowa, koma ku East ndi West Africa ndizofala. Pafupifupi theka la anthu omwe mwachilengedwe amakhala m'mapiri kapena m'mapiri.
Kodi serval amadya chiyani?
Chithunzi: African Serval
Amphaka amtchire mwachilengedwe amadya, ndipo chakudya chawo chimachokera ku nyama.
Atumiki ndi atsogoleri pakati pa nyama zodya nyama mwa kusaka nyama bwino. Akatswiri a zoo amanena kuti pafupifupi 60% ya nyama chifukwa cha kusaka imakhala chakudya cha alenje aluso. Poyerekeza, ziyenera kudziwika kuti kuchuluka kwa kupambana kwa akambuku kapena mikango sikupitilira 40%.
Kodi chakudya cha amphaka amtchire ndi chotani?
- hares;
- amayi;
- antelopes ang'onoang'ono;
- flamingo;
- mbalame;
- mazira a mbalame;
- abuluzi;
- makoswe;
- njoka;
- achule;
- nsomba.
Mwachilengedwe, amphaka amtchire amakhala ndi kumva kwabwino komanso kuthamanga kwamphezi, komwe kumathandizira kutsata nyama ngakhale patali. Akatswiri a zoologists amati nyama zopitilira 90% siziposa magalamu 200, ndipo ndi 2-3% yokha omwe ali ndi thupi lopitilira 2/3 la kulemera kwa mkazi wamkazi.
Serval amadziwika ndi kudya chakudya cha mbewu kuti mupeze michere ndi ulusi wolimba. Chifukwa chakuti amphaka amtchire amakonda kukhala usiku, amapitanso kukasaka makamaka usiku. Ntchito yayikulu kwambiri pakusaka ndi kuchotsa chakudya ikuwonetsedwa pa 10-12 pm komanso pa 3-5 am. Nthawi zina, amatha kupita kukasaka masana.
Atumiki amawerengedwa kuti ndi alenje aluso. Kapangidwe kawo ndi kapangidwe ka thupi ndizomwe zimapangitsa izi. Ali ndi makutu ataliatali omwe amapereka kumva kwabwino kwambiri komanso koloza, komanso miyendo yayitali, yokongola. Amathandizira kuyenda pakati pa tchire ndi nkhalango, komanso amalola amphaka kuti azichita bwino kwambiri.
Akatswiri ofufuza zinyama akuti ma servicers amamvetsera mwatcheru kotero kuti amatha kumva chisangalalo cha mbewa kapena mbewa ina yaying'ono mtunda wokwana kilomita imodzi.
Nyama zimakonda kusaka, kutsatira nyama ndikuyiyandikira kudzera m'nkhalango zowirira. Akafika patali, a Serval amamuukira pomenya mphezi.
Makhalidwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Serval Red Book
Nyama zokoma ndi zokongola modabwitsa ndi nyama zoyenda, zothamanga komanso zopusa. Akamakhala mwachilengedwe, amakonda kukhala moyo wawokha, wobisika komanso kupewa mikangano. Amakonda kukwera mitengo ndi nthambi. Ndiye chifukwa chake, posunga mphaka wakuthengo kunyumba, muyenera kusamalira kupezeka kwa nthambi zomwe angakwere. Mutha kupanga mashelufu m'magawo angapo.
Chofooka china ndi chilakolako cha nyama zokoma ndi madzi. Ngakhale amakhulupirira kuti amphaka amaopa madzi, ma servor amangopembedza njira zamadzi. Osewera mwachilengedwe, amakonda kuwaza mozungulira ndikusewera ndi madzi. Obereketsa amphaka amtchire awa ayenera kukumbukira kuti amakonda kutafuna zinthu zosiyanasiyana ndipo amatha kuwononga mipando yamtengo wapatali komanso zinthu zamkati. Olima ma Serval amadziwa kuti amakhala bwino ndi agalu, makamaka mitundu yayikulu.
Komanso, nthumwi za banja lachikazi zimasiyanitsidwa ndi mawonekedwe amasewera, chidwi komanso kucheza. Amanyamula zizolowezi zonse zamphaka zakutchire kupita nawo ku "moyo wanyumba". Iwo, monga nthawi ya moyo wachilengedwe, zachilengedwe, amakonda kudziwitsa madera awo, komanso, izi ndizodziwika kwa amuna ndi akazi.
Zinyama zikawona kuti pangozi kapena pangozi, zimakonda kuthawa, ndikusintha mayendedwe kwambiri ndikupanga mayendedwe osadabwitsa komanso kulumpha. Monga ziweto, antchito amawonetsa chikondi, chikondi, ndi kudzipereka kwakukulu kwa eni ake achikondi komanso achikondi.
Nyama zimawerengedwa kuti ndi anzeru kwambiri komanso othamanga msanga. Komabe, nthawi yomweyo, chinsinsi komanso mantha ndizomwe zimakhalapo mwa adani a ku Africa. Ngati nyama zimasungidwa kunyumba, ndiye kuti alendo, alendo amabwera, amabisala ndikuyesera kupewa. Mwachilengedwe, amakhalanso osamala komanso mwanzeru. Kuti azilankhulana, nyama zimagwiritsa ntchito mitundu ingapo ya mawu: kumveka kokweza ndi kufuula, purr, kulira.
Kakhalidwe ndi kubereka
Chithunzi: Mphaka wamphongo
Nthawi yokwatirana ya Serval siyomangika nyengo inayake. Chifukwa cha izi, kunyumba, amapatsa ana nthawi iliyonse pachaka m'malo abwino komanso chisamaliro choyenera. Mwa anthu omwe amakhala kumadera akumwera, ana amabadwa nthawi zambiri koyambirira, mkatikati mwa masika. Mwa nyama zomwe zimakhala kumadera otentha, ana amabadwa nthawi zosiyanasiyana mchaka. Pakati paukwati mwachilengedwe, nyama zimapanga banja, ndipo zimakhala kwakanthawi limodzi. Amathera nthawi yawo limodzi limodzi ndikusaka limodzi.
Mimba imakhala masiku 77-79. Nthawi yakubereka ikafika, nyama zimasaka malo oyenera kutero. Ogwiritsa ntchito amagwiritsa ntchito maenje obisalira kapena zisa m'mitengo yazomera zowirikiza motero.
Amphaka angapo amabadwa nthawi imodzi, koma nthawi zambiri samaposa ana anayi. Ndi akhungu, okutidwa ndi kuwala pansi. Maso amatseguka tsiku la 13-17. Amphaka amadya mkaka wa amayi mpaka miyezi 6-8. Ana amakhala ovuta kwambiri, ndipo akazi amataya kwambiri thupi panthawi yakudyetsa ana. Amakula ndikulimba m'malo mwake. Ali ndi miyezi itatu, kulemera kwawo poyerekeza ndi kubadwa kwawo kumawirikiza.
Pakatha miyezi 4-5, mkaziyo amawatulutsa pang'onopang'ono kukasaka, kuwaphunzitsa maluso osakira ndikuwayambitsa kudya chakudya chanyama. Amuna amatha msinkhu ndi zaka ziwiri, akazi zaka chimodzi ndi theka. Pafupifupi chaka chimodzi, anawo amasiyana ndi amayi ndipo amayamba kukhala moyo wawokha. Pafupifupi zaka zokhala ndi moyo ndi zaka 13-15; akasungidwa bwino, atha kukhala zaka 20.
Atumiki amawerengedwa kuti ndi amayi osamala kwambiri komanso kuda nkhawa. Nthawi yomwe ana amadalira iye ndipo alibe chochita, chachikazi chimakhala chowopsa komanso chankhanza. Pakumva kuwopsyeza pang'ono kwa tiana tija, amathamangira ku chitetezo chawo ndipo amatha kuwukira mbuye wake wokondedwa.
Adani achilengedwe a antchito
Chithunzi: Serval cat
Pafupifupi mdani yekhayo wamphaka wamtchire, yemwe amathandizira kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwawo, ndi anthu. Atumiki amaphedwa ambiri ndi ozembetsa chifukwa cha ubweya wawo wamtengo wapatali. Chofunikanso kwambiri kwa opha nyama mosavomerezeka ndi ana amphaka, omwe amalemekezedwa kwambiri ndi oweta nyama zakunja.
Mwachilengedwe, adani a amphaka amtchire ndi afisi, agalu amtchire ndi akambuku. Nthawi zambiri amasaka anyamata achichepere, kapena akuluakulu.
Choopseza chachikulu pa kuchuluka kwa nyama chikuyimiridwa ndi anthu ndi ntchito zawo. Nyama zimawomberedwa osati chifukwa chongofuna kupindula pogulitsa ubweya wamtengo wapatali, komanso chifukwa cha nyama yokoma, yofewa, yomwe imadziwika kuti ndi yokoma kwambiri mdziko la Africa. Zimakhalanso zachilendo kwa amphaka a ku Africa kuwononga minda ya nkhuku.
Pachifukwa ichi, amagwidwa ngati tizirombo komanso zowononga nkhuku. Pankhaniyi, ngakhale kumadera omwe amphaka amtchire anali ambiri, adatsika kwambiri. Kuwonjezeka kwa kuchuluka kwa anthu ku Africa kwadzetsa kuchepa kwa chakudya ndikuwononga malo achilengedwe.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Chithunzi: Serval
Ngakhale kuti amphaka amtchire akuchepa, imodzi yokha mwa subspecies 14 ndi yomwe yatchulidwa mu Red Book. Ma subspecies akumpoto a serval adalembedwa mu Red Book omwe ali ndi "mitundu yomwe ili pangozi". Mitundu yonse ya amphaka amtchire imaphatikizidwa pamsonkhano wachiwiri wa CITES.
Mpaka pano, akatswiri azanyama alibe chidziwitso chokwanira pa kuchuluka kwa anthu ogwira ntchito. Amakonda kupezeka m'malo osungira ana, osungira panja, komanso kunyumba kwa anthu olemera komanso odzidalira m'mayiko osiyanasiyana.
Pamalamulo, palibe malamulo omwe adakhazikitsidwa kuti ateteze nyama. Komanso, palibe mapulogalamu osungira ndi kuchuluka kwa manambala omwe amapangidwa mwapadera. M'madera ena, nthumwi za Rybnadzor ndi matupi ena kuti ateteze oimira nyama ndi zinyama akuteteza nyama. Lamuloli silikupereka chilango chamtundu uliwonse pakuthyola kapena kuwombera nyama.
M'madera ena, pali malonda a kittens, omwe ali ndi miyezi 1-2. Ndi pa msinkhu uwu pomwe anawo amasintha msanga kuti azolowere chilengedwe komanso nyumba. Akatswiri amalangiza kuweta mphaka adakali aang'ono. Kenako amayamba kuzolowera anthu ndikuphunzira kukhala m'banja pakati pa anthu.
Serval Alonda
Chithunzi: Serval kuchokera ku Red Book
Ngakhale kuti palibe mapulogalamu otetezera amphaka amtchire m'boma, nzika zaku Africa zikuyesetsa kuteteza kutha kwathunthu kwa gulu lankhondo lakumpoto. Pazinthu izi, malo osungira ana amakonzedwa, momwe zinthu zimakhalira kuti zikhale ndi kubereka zimapangidwira nyama. Ndi chisamaliro chabwino komanso chakudya chokwanira, amphaka amphaka amaswana bwino ndikamangidwa.
Gawo la nazaleli limatetezedwa ndi chitetezo chodalirika. Ophunzitsa nyama zakunja amatha kugula mwalamulo mphaka wamtchire m'minda imeneyi. Omenyera ufulu wawo komanso oteteza zachilengedwe amalimbikitsa anthu amderalo kuti asasaka nyama zokongola komanso zokoma, komanso kuti asawombere alimi.
Pofuna kuwonjezera amphakawa, amaweta ndikuweta pamodzi ndi mitundu ina ya zokongola zolusa, monga mphalapala. Chaka chilichonse pali anthu ochulukirachulukira omwe akufuna kupeza mphaka wakuthengo waku Africa. Eni ake azinyama zodabwitsa izi zimawaswana bwino kunyumba.
Pofuna kuteteza amphaka amtchire, mabungwe oteteza nyama ndi mayendedwe ake pawokha, mothandizidwa ndi ndalama za nzika zonse zakukhudzidwa, amakonza malo odyetserako ziweto, momwe akatswiri amayesa kubwezeretsa anthu osati zokhazokha, komanso mitundu ina yosowa ya oimira zinyama ndi zinyama zaku Africa.
Zolemba - woyimira mokongola kwambiri komanso wokongola kwambiri wa banja lachifumu. Amadziwika ndiubwenzi wosaneneka, wokonda komanso wochezeka. Anthu omwe ali ndi antchito amakondwerera chikhalidwe chawo chodabwitsa komanso kuthekera kopereka chikondi.
Tsiku lofalitsa: 30.04.2019
Tsiku losinthidwa: 19.09.2019 pa 23:34
