Ng'ona ya Nile

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Ng'ona ya Nile Ndi imodzi mwazirombo zowopsa kwambiri. Chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwake kwa anthu omwe amazunzidwa. Chokwawa ichi chakhala chikuwopseza zolengedwa zamoyo mozungulira kwazaka zambiri. Ndizosadabwitsa, chifukwa mtundu uwu ndi waukulu kwambiri pakati pa mitundu iwiri yomwe ikukhala ku Africa. Kukula kwake, ndi yachiwiri kwa ng'ona yosekedwa.

Chiyambi cha mitundu ndi kufotokozera

Chithunzi: Ng'ona ya Nile

Subpecies iyi ndi yomwe imadziwika kwambiri pamtundu uliwonse. Kutchulidwa kwa nyamazi kumayambira m'mbiri ya Egypt wakale, koma pali malingaliro akuti ng'ona zimakhala padziko lapansi ngakhale m'masiku a ma dinosaurs. Dzinalo siliyenera kusocheretsa, chifukwa sikuti limangokhala mumtsinje wa Nailo, komanso m'madamu ena aku Africa ndi mayiko oyandikana nawo.

Kanema: Ng'ona ya Nile

Mitundu ya Crocodylus niloticus ndi ya mtundu wa ng'ona zenizeni za m'banja la Crocodile. Pali ma subspecies angapo osadziwika, omwe kusanthula kwa DNA kwawonetsa zosiyanako, chifukwa chake anthu atha kukhala ndi kusiyana kwa majini. Alibe udindo wodziwika bwino ndipo amatha kuweruzidwa ndi kukula kwake, komwe kungayambitsidwe ndi malo okhala:

  • South Africa;
  • Kumadzulo kwa Africa;
  • Kum'mawa kwa Africa;
  • Mwiitiyopiya;
  • Ku Central Africa;
  • Chimalagase;
  • Kenya.

Anthu ambiri amwalira ndi mano a subspecies iyi kuposa ena onse obadwira. Anthu odya Nile amapha anthu mazana angapo chaka chilichonse. Komabe, izi sizilepheretsa anthu omwe amakhala ku Madagascar kuti aganizire zokwawa ngati zopatulika, kuzilambira ndikupanga tchuthi chachipembedzo polemekeza, kupereka ziweto.

Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe

Chithunzi: Zokwawa za ng'ona za Nile

Kutalika kwa thupi la anthu limodzi ndi mchira kumafikira mita 5-6. Koma kukula kwake kumasiyana chifukwa cha malo okhala. Ndi kutalika kwa mamita 4-5, zokwawa zolemera makilogalamu 700-800. Ngati thupi liri lalitali kuposa mamitala 6, ndiye kuti misa imatha kusinthasintha mkati mwa tani.

Kapangidwe kathupi kamangidwe kotero kuti kusaka m'madzi kumakhala kotheka ngati ng'ona. Mchira wamphamvu ndi wokulirapo umathandiza kusuntha mwachangu ndikukankhira pansi m'njira yoti udumphe pamitunda yayitali kwambiri kuposa kutalika kwa ng'ona yomwe.

Thupi la reptile ndi lathyathyathya, pa miyendo yaifupi ya kumbuyo pali nembanemba lonse, kumbuyo pali zida scaly. Mutu umatambasulidwa, kumtunda kwake kuli maso obiriwira, mphuno ndi makutu, zomwe zimatha kukhalabe kumtunda pomwe thupi lonse limizidwa. Pali chikope chachitatu m'maso powatsuka.

Khungu la achinyamata ndi lobiriwira, madontho akuda m'mbali ndi kumbuyo, achikasu pamimba ndi m'khosi. Ndi zaka, mtundu umakhala wakuda - kuyambira wobiriwira mpaka mpiru. Palinso zotengera pakhungu zomwe zimangotulutsa madzi pang'ono. Ng'ona imamva ndikuzindikira kununkhira bwino kuposa momwe imawonera.

Zokwawa zitha kukhala pansi pamadzi kwa theka la ola. Izi ndichifukwa chakutheka kwa mtima kutseka magazi kutuluka m'mapapu. M'malo mwake, imapita kuubongo komanso ziwalo zina zofunika kwambiri pamoyo. Zokwawa zimasambira pa liwiro la makilomita 30-35 pa ola limodzi, ndipo zimayenda mtunda wothamanga kuposa ma kilomita 14 pa ola limodzi.

Chifukwa cha kukula kwa chikopa pakhosi, chomwe chimalepheretsa madzi kulowa m'mapapu, ng'ona za Nailo zimatha kutsegula pakamwa pawo pansi pamadzi. Kagayidwe kake kakuchedwa kuchepa kotero kuti zokwawa sizingadye masiku opitilira khumi ndi awiri. Koma, makamaka akakhala ndi njala, amatha kudya mpaka theka la kulemera kwawo.

Kodi ng'ona za ku Nile zimakhala kuti?

Chithunzi: Ng'ona ya Nile m'madzi

Crocodylus niloticus amakhala m'madzi a Africa, pachilumba cha Madagascar, komwe adazolowera kukhala m'mapanga, ku Comoros ndi Seychelles. Malo okhalamo amapitilira kumwera kwa Sahara ku Africa, ku Mauritius, Principe, Morocco, Cape Verde, Socotra Island, Zanzibar.

Zotsalira zakale zimapezeka kuti zimatha kuweruza kuti m'masiku akale mitundu iyi idagawidwa kumadera akumpoto kwambiri: ku Lebanon, Palestine, Syria, Algeria, Libya, Jordan, the Comoros, ndipo osati kalekale anasowa kwathunthu m'malire a Israeli. Ku Palestina, owerengeka amakhala m'malo amodzi - Mtsinje wa Crocodile.

Malo okhalamo amachepetsedwa kukhala madzi amchere kapena mitsinje yamchere pang'ono, nyanja, malo osungira, madambo, amapezeka m'nkhalango za mangrove. Zokwawa zimakonda malo okhala bata ndi mchenga. Ndikotheka kukumana ndi munthu kutali ndi madzi pokhapokha chokwawa chikufuna malo atsopano chifukwa chouma kale.

Nthawi zambiri, ng'ona za ku Nile zimakumana makilomita angapo kuchokera pagombe kunyanja. Ngakhale sizachilendo pamtundu uwu, kuyenda m'madzi amchere kumalola zokwawa kukhazikika ndikuberekana kwa anthu ochepa pazilumba zina.

Kodi ng'ona ya Nile imadya chiyani?

Chithunzi: ng'ona yofiira ya Nile Red Book

Zokwawa izi zimakhala ndi zakudya zosiyanasiyana. Achinyamata makamaka amadya tizilombo, crustaceans, achule, ndi molluscs. Ng'ona zazikulu zimafunika chakudya pafupipafupi. Kukula kwa zokwawa pang'onopang'ono kusunthira ku nsomba zazing'ono ndi anthu ena okhala m'madzi - otter, mongooses, makoswe amiyala.

Kwa 70% ya chakudya cha zokwawa zimakhala ndi nsomba, gawo lonselo limapangidwa ndi nyama zomwe zimabwera kudzamwa.

Zitha kukhala:

  • mbidzi;
  • njati;
  • akadyamsonga;
  • zipembere;
  • nyumbu;
  • hares;
  • mbalame;
  • feline;
  • nyani;
  • ng'ona zina.

Amayendetsa amphibiyani kumtunda ndi kuyenda mwamphamvu mchira, ndikupanga kunjenjemera, kenako nkuwapeza mosavuta m'madzi osaya. Zokwawa zimatha kuyimirira motsutsana ndi zomwe zikuchitika pano ndipo zimaundana poyembekezera kubzala mullet ndi millet yosambira m'mbuyomu. Akuluakulu amasaka nsomba za Nile, tilapia, catfish komanso nsomba zazing'ono.

Komanso, zokwawa zimatha kutenga chakudya kwa mikango, akambuku. Anthu akuluakulu kwambiri amapha njati, mvuu, mbidzi, akadyamsonga, njovu, afisi abulauni, ndi ana a zipembere. Ng'ona zimamwa chakudya nthawi iliyonse. Ndi akazi okhawo amene amasamalira mazira awo omwe amadya pang'ono.

Amakokera nyama pansi pamadzi ndikudikirira kuti imire. Wogwiridwayo akaleka kuwonetsa zizindikiro za moyo, zokwawa ziwononga. Ngati chakudya chapezeka palimodzi, amayang'anira zoyesayesa kuti agawane. Ng'ona zimatha kukankhira nyama pansi pamiyala kapena pamitengo kuti zisakhale zosavuta kuzikhadzula.

Makhalidwe ndi mawonekedwe

Chithunzi: Ng'ona yayikulu ya Nile

Ng'ona zambiri zimakhala tsiku lonse kuti ziwonjezere kutentha kwa thupi lawo. Pofuna kupewa kutenthedwa, amatsegula pakamwa. Milandu imadziwika pomwe opha nyama mozemba amatsekereza zokwawa zomwe zinagwidwa ndikusiya padzuwa. Kuchokera pa izi, nyama zinafa.

Ng'ona ya Nile ikatseka pakamwa pake mwadzidzidzi, izi zimakhala ngati chizindikiro kwa abale ake kuti pali ngozi pafupi. Mwachilengedwe, mtundu uwu ndiwokwiya kwambiri ndipo sugonjera alendo m'derali. Nthawi yomweyo, ndi anthu amtundu wawo, amatha kukhala mwamtendere, kupumula ndikusaka limodzi.

Nthawi yamvula komanso yamvula, amakhala pafupifupi nthawi yawo yonse m'madzi. M'madera omwe nyengo zimasinthasintha, chilala kapena kuzizira mwadzidzidzi, ng'ona zimatha kukumba mchenga ndikuzizira nthawi yonse yotentha. Pofuna kukhazikitsa kutentha kwa thupi, anthu akuluakulu amapita kokasangalala ndi dzuwa.

Chifukwa cha mtundu wawo wobisala, zolandilira kwambiri komanso mphamvu zachilengedwe, ndi osaka bwino kwambiri. Kuukira kwakuthwa komanso kwadzidzidzi sikumamupatsa mpata nthawi kuti achire, ndipo nsagwada zamphamvu zimasiya mpata wopulumuka. Amapita pamtunda kukasaka osapitirira mamita 50. Kumeneko amadikirira nyama m'njira za m'nkhalango.

Ng'ona za Nailo zimalumikizana ndi mbalame zina. Zinyama zimatsegula pakamwa pawo kwinaku zikudumphadumpha kapena, mwachitsanzo, othamanga ku Aigupto amatola zakudya zopanda kanthu m'mano mwawo. Akazi a ng'ona ndi mvuu amakhala limodzi mwamtendere, kusiya ana pamwamba pa anzawo kuti atetezedwe kwa akaziwa kapena afisi.

Kakhalidwe ndi kubereka

Chithunzi: Ng'ona Wamwana wa Nile

Zinyama zimakula msinkhu wa zaka khumi. Pakadali pano, kutalika kwawo kumafika mamita 2-2.5. M'nyengo yoti zikukwerana, zazimuna zimaomba pakamwa pakamwa pamadzi ndi kubangula mokopa, kuti zazikazi ziziwayang'ana. Iwonso amasankha amuna akuluakulu.

Kumpoto chakumpoto, kuyamba kwa nthawi imeneyi kumachitika mchilimwe, kumwera ndi Novembala-Disembala. Ubale wolingana pakati pawo umapangidwa pakati pa amuna. Aliyense amayesa kusonyeza kupambana kuposa mdani. Amuna amalira, amatulutsa mpweya mokweza, amawomba thovu ndi pakamwa pawo. Akazi panthawiyi amasangalala akuthira michira yawo m'madzi.

Wamwamuna wogonjetsedwa msanga amasambira kutali ndi wopikisana naye, ndikuvomereza kugonjetsedwa kwake. Ngati sizingatheke kuthawa, wotayika akweza nkhope yake, kuwonetsa kuti apereka. Wopambana nthawi zina amatenga chogonjetsedwa ndi chikhomo, koma samaluma. Nkhondo zoterezi zimathandizira kuthamangitsa anthu owonjezera kuchokera pagawo la awiriwa.

Zazikazi zimaikira mazira pagombe lamchenga ndi m'mbali mwa mitsinje. Pafupi ndi madzi, mkazi amakumba chisa chakuya masentimita 60 ndikuikira mazira 55-60 pamenepo (kuchuluka kumatha kusiyanasiyana pakati pa 20 mpaka 95 zidutswa). Iye salola aliyense pafupi zowalamulira kwa masiku 90.

Nthawi imeneyi, yamphongo imatha kumuthandiza, kuwopseza alendo. Nthawi yomwe mkazi amakakamizika kuti atuluke chifukwa cha kutentha, zisa zimatha kuwonongeka ndi mongoose, anthu kapena afisi. Nthawi zina mazira amatengeka ndi madzi osefukira. Pafupifupi 10-15% ya mazira amakhala ndi moyo mpaka kumapeto kwa nthawi.

Nthawi yosamalirayi ikatha, makandawo amang'ung'udza, zomwe zimakhala ngati chisonyezo kwa mayi kukumba chisa. Nthawi zina amathandiza anawo kutsegulira potunga mazira mkamwa mwawo. Amasamutsa ng'ona zongobadwa kumene posungira madzi.

Adani achilengedwe a ng'ona za Nile

Chithunzi: Ng'ona ya Nile

Akuluakulu alibe mdani m'chilengedwe. Ng'ona zimatha kufa zisanakwane ndi oimira mitundu yawo, nyama zazikulu monga mikango ndi akambuku, kapena ndi manja a anthu. Mazira omwe amawakhalira kapena ana akhanda atha kubadwa.

Zisa zitha kulandidwa ndi:

  • mongooses;
  • mbalame zodya nyama monga ziombankhanga, ankhandwe, kapena miimba;
  • kuyang'anira abuluzi;
  • ntchafu.

Ana osasamaliridwa amasakidwa ndi:

  • feline;
  • kuyang'anira abuluzi;
  • anyani;
  • nguluwe zakutchire;
  • goliati nsungu;
  • nsombazi;
  • akamba.

M'mayiko ambiri momwe muli anthu okwanira, amaloledwa kusaka ng'ona za mumtsinje wa Nailo. Osaka nyama mozemba amasiya nyama zowola m'mphepete mwa nyanjazo ngati nyambo. Kutali ndi malowa, khumbi limakhazikitsidwa ndipo mlenje amadikirira kuti chokwawa chiwoneke nyambo.

Osaka nyama mozembera amayenera kugona osayenda nthawi yonseyi, chifukwa m'malo omwe nyama zimaloledwa, ng'ona zimasamala kwambiri. Nyumbayi imayikidwa mita 80 kuchokera pa nyambo. Zokwawa zimatha kusamaliranso za zachilendo za mbalame zomwe zimawona anthu.

Zokwawa zimaonetsa chidwi pa nyambo tsiku lonse, mosiyana ndi ziweto zina. Kuyesera kupha kumachitika ndi anthu osaka nyama mopanda nyama za ng'ona zokha zomwe zatulukira m'madzi. Kugunda kuyenera kukhala kolondola momwe zingathere, chifukwa ngati nyama ili ndi nthawi yofikira kumadzi isanafe, zidzakhala zovuta kwambiri kuyitulutsa.

Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi

Chithunzi: Zokwawa za ng'ona za Nile

Mu 1940-1960, panali kusaka mwakhama ng'ona za ku Nile chifukwa cha khungu lawo labwino kwambiri, nyama yodyedwa, komanso mankhwala aku Asia, ziwalo zamkati mwa zokwawa zimawerengedwa kuti ndizachiritso. Izi zidapangitsa kuti awonongeke kwambiri. Kutalika kwa moyo wa zokwawa ndi zaka 40, anthu ena amakhala ndi moyo mpaka 80.

Pakati pa 1950 ndi 1980, akuti mwina zikopa za ng'ona pafupifupi 3 miliyoni zidaphedwa ndikugulitsidwa. M'madera ena a Kenya, zokwawa zazikulu zakhala zikugwidwa ndi maukonde. Komabe, kuchuluka komwe kunatsala kunalola kuti zokwawa zizitchedwa Osadandaula.

Pakadali pano pali anthu 250-500,000 amtunduwu m'chilengedwe. Kum'mwera ndi kum'mawa kwa Africa, kuchuluka kwa anthu kumayang'aniridwa ndikulembedwa. Ku West ndi Central Africa, zinthu zafika poipa kwambiri. Chifukwa chosasamala kwambiri, anthu omwe ali m'malo amenewa amachepetsedwa kwambiri.

Moyo wosakhala bwino komanso mpikisano wokhala ndi ng'ona zopindika komanso zopindika, zimapangitsa kuti nyama ziwonongeke. Kuchepetsa madera azinyumba kulinso chinthu cholakwika pakukhalapo. Kuthetsa mavutowa, ndikofunikira kukhazikitsa mapulogalamu ena owonjezera zachilengedwe.

Chitetezo cha ng'ona cha Nile

Chithunzi: Ng'ona wa Nailo kuchokera ku Red Book

Mitunduyi imaphatikizidwa mu Red Book of the World Conservation Union ndipo imaphatikizidwa mgululi popanda zoopsa zochepa. Ng'ona za Nailo zili mu Appendix I Cites, kugulitsa anthu amoyo kapena zikopa zawo kumayendetsedwa ndi msonkhano wapadziko lonse. Chifukwa cha malamulo adziko lonse oletsa kupezeka kwa zikopa za ng'ona, kuchuluka kwawo kwawonjezeka pang'ono.

Pofuna kuswana nyama zokwawa, ntchito yotchedwa minda ya ng'ona kapena milimi imagwira bwino ntchito. Koma makamaka amapezeka kuti apeze khungu la nyama. Ng'ona za Nailo zimagwira ntchito yofunikira pakutsuka madzi kuchokera ku kuipitsa chifukwa cha mitembo yomwe yalowa. Amawongoleranso kuchuluka kwa nsomba zomwe nyama zina zimadalira.

Ku Africa, chipembedzo cha ng'ona chidakalipobe mpaka pano. Kumeneko ndi nyama zopatulika ndipo kuzipha ndi tchimo lalikulu. Ku Madagascar, zokwawa zimakhala m'malo osungira mwapadera, momwe nzika zimaperekera ziweto zawo patchuthi chachipembedzo.

Popeza ng'ona zimavutika ndi nkhawa za munthu yemwe amachita zachuma mdera lawo, zokwawa sizingafanane ndi mikhalidwe yatsopano. Pazifukwa izi, pali minda yomwe malo abwino kwambiri okhalamo amaberekanso.

Mukayerekezera ng'ona ya Nile ndi mitundu ina, anthuwa sachita nkhanza kwambiri kwa anthu. Koma chifukwa choyandikira pafupi ndi midzi yachiaborijini, ndi omwe amapha anthu ambiri chaka chilichonse. Pali munthu wodya munthu m'buku la Guinness of records - nile ng'onaamene anapha anthu 400. Choyimira chomwe chidadya anthu 300 ku Central Africa sichinaphedwe.

Tsiku lofalitsa: 03/31/2019

Tsiku losinthidwa: 19.09.2019 pa 11:56

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