Kamba Wolimbikitsa (Centrochelys sulcata) kapena kamba ka mzere ndi wa banja lakamba.
Zizindikiro zakunja kwa kamba yolimbikitsa
Kamba wofulumizitsa ndi imodzi mwa akamba akuluakulu omwe amapezeka ku Africa. Kukula kwake ndi kocheperako poyerekeza ndi akamba ochokera kuzilumba za Galapagos. Chipolopolocho chimatha kutalika kwa masentimita 76, ndipo anthu akuluakulu kwambiri ndi aatali masentimita 83. Kamba wothamangitsidwayo ndi mtundu wa m'chipululu wokhala ndi mchenga womwe umakhala ngati pobisalira malo ake. Chotambala chowulungika ndi chofiirira, ndipo khungu lakuda limakhala ndi golide wonyezimira kapena utoto. Carapace ili ndi notches m'mbali kutsogolo ndi kumbuyo. Kukula mphete kumaoneka pa kachilombo kalikonse, kamene kamawonekera makamaka ndi msinkhu. Kulemera kwa amuna kuyambira 60 kg mpaka 105 kg. Akazi amalemera pang'ono, kuyambira 30 mpaka 40 kg.
Kutsogolo kwa akamba kumakhala kopanda mzati ndipo kumakhala ndi zikhadabo 5. Chosiyana ndi mitundu iyi ya akamba ndi kukhalapo kwa 2-3 zazikulu zotsekemera m'mataya aakazi ndi abambo. Kukhalapo kwa khalidweli kunathandizira kuti dzina la zamoyo ziwoneke - kamba kolimbikitsa. Kuphulika kotereku ndikofunikira pakukumba maenje ndi maenje nthawi yovundikira.
Amuna, patsogolo pa chipolopolocho, amateteza zishango zofanana ndi zikhomo.
Chida chogwirachi chimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi amuna nthawi yamasiku, pamene otsutsana amatembenukira wina ndi mnzake pakagundana. Kulimbana kwamphongo kumatenga nthawi yayitali kwambiri ndipo kumatopetsa onse omwe akutsutsana nawo.
Pakati pa akamba olimbikitsidwa, pali anthu omwe ali ndi pulasitiki yolimba. Kupatuka kotereku pamapangidwe achiboliboli sizachilendo ndipo kumachitika ndi phosphorous yochulukirapo, kusowa kwa mchere wa calcium ndi madzi.
Kulimbikitsa kamba
Akamba otentha amakhala otakataka nthawi yamvula (Julayi mpaka Okutobala). Amadyetsa makamaka m'mawa ndi madzulo, amadya zomera zokoma komanso maudzu apachaka. Nthawi zambiri amasamba m'mawa kuti awonjezere kutentha kwa thupi lawo usiku utazizira. M'nyengo yadzuwa, akamba akuluakulu amabisala m'malo ozizira komanso onyowa kuti asatenthe madzi. Akamba achichepere akukwera m'manda a nyama zazing'ono zam'chipululu kudikirira nyengo yotentha.
Kuswana kunalimbikitsa kamba
Akamba amtundu wa Spore amakula msinkhu ali ndi zaka 10-15, akakula mpaka masentimita 35-45. Kukhathamira kumachitika kuyambira Juni mpaka Marichi, koma nthawi zambiri mvula ikatha kuyambira Seputembara mpaka Novembala. Amuna panthawiyi amakhala aukali kwambiri ndipo amawombana wina ndi mnzake, kuyesera kuti asinthe mdaniyo. Mkazi amabala mazira masiku 30-90. Amasankha malo abwino mumchenga, ndikumba mabowo 4-5 pafupifupi 30 cm.
Choyamba amakumba ndi miyendo yakutsogolo, kenako ndikumba kumbuyo. Kuikira mazira 10 mpaka 30 pachisa chilichonse, kenako amaika m'manda kuti abise chilichonse. Mazirawo ndi akulu, m'mimba mwake ndi 4.5 cm. Kukula kumachitika pakatentha ka 30-32 ° C ndipo kumatenga masiku 99-103. Pambuyo pa zowalamulira zoyambirira, nthawi zambiri kukwatirana kumachitika.
Kamba wolimbikitsa anafalikira
Akamba otentha amapezeka kum'mwera kwenikweni kwa chipululu cha Sahara. Amafalikira kuchokera ku Senegal ndi Mauritania, chakum'mawa kudutsa zigawo zouma za Mali, Chad, Sudan, kenako ndikudutsa Ethiopia ndi Eritrea. Mitunduyi imapezekanso ku Niger ndi Somalia.
Malo okamba kamba
Akamba otentha amakhala m'malo otentha, ouma omwe samalandira mvula kwazaka zambiri. Amapezeka m'masamba owuma, momwe mumasowa madzi nthawi zonse. Mtundu uwu wa chokwawa umapirira kutentha m'malo ake kuchokera madigiri 15 m'nyengo yozizira, ndipo nthawi yotentha amakhala ndi kutentha pafupifupi 45 C.
Kuteteza kwa kamba wolimbikitsa
Kamba yemwe adalimbikitsidwayo amadziwika kuti ndi Wowopsa pa IUCN Red List ndipo adatchulidwa mu Annex II ya Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species. Chiwerengero cha anthu chikuchepa mwachangu ku Mali, Chad, Niger ndi Ethiopia, makamaka chifukwa chodyetserako ziweto mopitirira muyeso komanso kukhala chipululu. Magulu ang'onoang'ono angapo a zokwawa zomwe sizikupezeka amakhala m'malo okhala mafuko osamukasamuka, pomwe akamba ofulumizitsa amakonda kugwidwa ngati nyama.
Kuwonongeka kwa mitundu iyi m'zaka zaposachedwa kwachulukitsidwa ndikuwonjezeka kwa kugwidwa kwa malonda apadziko lonse lapansi, monga ziweto komanso kupanga mankhwala ochokera mthupi la akamba, omwe ali ofunika kwambiri ku Japan chifukwa chokhala ndi moyo wautali. Choyamba, achinyamata amagwidwa, chifukwa chake, pali mantha kuti patatha mibadwo ingapo, kudzikonzanso kwa mitunduyo kumachepa kwambiri m'chilengedwe, zomwe zithandizira kutha kwa akamba osowa m'malo awo.
Kulimbikitsidwa kwa Turtle
Akamba amtundu wa Spur amakhala ndi zotetezera m'malo awo onse, ndipo ngakhale ali ndi njira zotetezera, amakhala akugulitsidwa mosaloledwa. Akamba amtundu wa Spur adatchulidwa pa CITES Zowonjezera II, zokhala ndi gawo lokhala ndi zero pachaka logulitsa kunja. Koma akamba osowa amagulitsidwabe pamtengo wokwera kunja, chifukwa zimakhala zovuta kusiyanitsa pakati pa nyama zomwe zimakwezedwa ndi anthu omwe amapezeka m'chilengedwe.
Akuluakulu a zamalamulo akuchitapo kanthu polimbana ndi kuzembetsa akamba, koma kusowa kwamgwirizano pakati pa mayiko aku Africa pankhani yokhudza kuteteza nyama zosawerengeka kumalepheretsa kuchitapo kanthu ndipo sikubweretsa zotsatira zomwe zikuyembekezeka.
Akamba amtundu wa Spur ndiosavuta kubereka ali mu ukapolo, amakulira ku US kuti akwaniritse zofunikira zapakhomo, ndikutumizidwa ku Japan. M'madera ena ouma a Africa, akamba olimbikitsa amakhala m'malo otetezedwa, izi zikugwiranso ntchito kwa anthu m'mapaki aku Mauritania ndi Niger, zomwe zimathandizira kuti zamoyozo zizikhala m'chipululu.
Ku Senegal, kamba wolimbikitsidwa ndi chizindikiro cha ukoma, chisangalalo, chonde komanso moyo wautali, ndipo malingaliro awa amachulukitsa mwayi wopulumuka wamtunduwu. Mdziko muno, malo ophunzitsira ndi kuteteza mitundu yachilendo ya akamba adapangidwa, komabe, pakakhala chipululu, zipolopolo zinalimbikitsa ziwopsezo m'malo awo, ngakhale panali zoteteza.
