Mavu kudziwika kwa onse. Ndi kachilombo kowala, kosazolowereka kamtundu wakuda ndi wachikaso kochepa kwambiri. Anthu ambiri amaganiza kuti nyamayi ndi yowopsa komanso yankhanza. Komabe, mtundu umodzi wokha wa mavu ndiwo. Oimira ena onse amakonda kukhala kutali ndi munthu, samakonda kuwonetsa nkhanza, amadabwa kwambiri ndi zizolowezi zawo.
Chiyambi cha mitundu ndi kufotokozera
Chithunzi: Wasp
Mavu alibe tanthauzo lenileni la sayansi. Chifukwa chake ndichizolowezi kuyitanira tizilombo tonse tomwe timakhala ndi mapesi kuchokera ku dongosolo la Hymenoptera, lomwe silili la njuchi, nyerere. Lero pali mavu osiyanasiyana osiyanasiyana. Tizilombo tazinthuzi timakhala ndi mavu otsatirawa: msewu, owala, mchenga, odulidwa, mapepala, maluwa, ma hornets, kubowola, ndi zina zambiri.
Zonsezi zimagawika m'magulu awiri:
- Payekha;
- Pagulu.
Chosangalatsa: Mosiyana ndi njuchi, mavu amatha kudzitchinjiriza osati ndi mbola yokha. Ngati wina awopseza kukhalapo kwawo, tizilombo titha kugwiritsa ntchito zida za nsagwada. Kuluma kwawo kumakhala kosavuta.
Mavu okhaokha amakhala moyo wosungulumwa, amamanga chisa modabwitsa. Akuluakulu onse amatha kubereka. Ngati zisa zamangidwa, ndiye m'makona obisika kwambiri: pamakoma, pamtengo, m'nthaka. Ndipo ndi mitundu yochepa yokha ya mitundu yomwe imakonda kukhala popanda zisa. Zimapuma m'mabowo achilengedwe a nkhuni.
Mavu ochezera amakonda kukhala m'mabanja. Zisa zawo zimamangidwa ndi chiberekero. Si achikulire onse omwe amatha kubereka. Nthawi zina njuchi zimatha kuwerengera mavu masauzande angapo, koma imodzi yokha imatha kuberekana. Mavu osabereka amatchedwa antchito, pomwe mavu achonde amatchedwa chiberekero.
Zosangalatsa: Ma Hymenoptera ambiri amatha kusintha kuchoka kwayekha kupita kuchikhalidwe. Kusinthaku kumatenga magawo angapo.
Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Mavu a Tizilombo
Mavu ndi kachilombo kowala, kosangalatsa. Ili ndi mtundu wosiyana kwambiri - mikwingwirima yachikaso ndi yakuda. Kukula kwa munthu wamkulu ndi pafupifupi - mpaka masentimita khumi. Azimayi okha ndi omwe amatha kutalika masentimita khumi ndi asanu ndi atatu. Thupi la nyamayi lili ndi ubweya waung'ono wambiri. Pali mbola kumapeto kwake. Ndi yaifupi, yosalala kwambiri, ndipo imalowerera mosavuta mwa wovulalayo. Mbola imatha kuyenda, choncho mavu amatha kuluma pafupifupi paliponse.
Kanema: Mavu
Mavu ali ndi maso ovuta. Zili zazikulu, zimatha kusiyanitsa zinthu pa 180C. Maso atatu adayikidwa pa korona. Zimakhala zovuta kuzizindikira nthawi yomweyo. Pali tinyanga pafupi ndi maso awa. Ntchito za tinyanga timadalira ntchito yanyama, momwe zilili. Nthawi zambiri gawo ili la thupi limakhala ngati pofotokozera pamene mukuuluka. Ndi chithandizo chawo, mavu amatha kudziwa molondola komwe mphepo ikuyenda, kuya kwake ndi zina zambiri.
Chosangalatsa: Kuluma kwa mtundu wa mavu sikumetedwa. Mosiyana ndi njuchi, nyamazi sizivulala zikalumidwa.
Mavu ndi dzina limodzi. Pali mitundu yambiri ya mavu, ndipo mawonekedwe awo akunja ndi osiyana pang'ono.
Ganizirani mwachidule kufotokozera kwakunja kwa mitundu yofala kwambiri:
- Pepala. Odziwika bwino pamawonekedwe. Amakhala pafupi ndi munthu, amakhala ndi utoto wakuda ndi wachikaso;
- Mavu owala. Kukula kwapakati - mpaka masentimita eyiti. Mtundu wa thupi ndi wachilendo - pearlescent, mthunzi wa pinki kapena turquoise;
- Maluwa. Ndi ochepa kukula kwake. Osakula kuposa sentimita imodzi. Mtundu umalamulidwa ndi chikasu;
- Mavu achijeremani. Ali ndi thupi losazolowereka - lalanje lowala. Amuna amtundu uwu ndi akuda-lalanje ndipo ali ndi mapiko akuda. Akazi alibe mapiko, nthawi zambiri amatchedwa nyerere za velvet.
Kodi mavu amakhala kuti?
Chithunzi: Mavu a nyama
Mavu afala padziko lonse lapansi. Amapezeka mosavuta ku Belarus, Russia, Ukraine, Europe, Africa, Argentina, Canada, Mexico, Australia, China, Japan. Nyama zotere sizimangokhala ku Sahara kotentha, ku Arctic komanso ku Arabia Peninsula. Mavu amakonda nyengo yotentha, sangakhale kumadera otentha kwambiri kapena ozizira kwambiri.
Chosangalatsa: Mitundu yowopsa ya mavu imakhala ku Japan ndi China - Asia hornet. Kukula kwake kumatha kufikira masentimita asanu ndi limodzi. Kuluma kamodzi kokha ngati kachilomboka ndikokwanira kufa kwa munthu, makamaka ngati sagwirizana nawo. Malinga ndi kafukufuku, chaka chilichonse kuyambira mbola za ma hornet aku Asia m'maiko awa, anthu makumi asanu amamwalira.
Mavu ambiri amakhala ku Northern Hemisphere. Ndi anthu ochepa okha omwe amapezeka ku Brazil. Tizilombo timasankha malo awo molingana ndi njira zingapo: nyengo yotentha, kupezeka kwa mitengo, munthu. Chowonadi ndichakuti malo omwe anthu amakhala amakhala kuti mavu azipeza chakudya mosavuta. Mtengo umagwiritsidwa ntchito pomanga zisa ndi mphutsi zokula. Anthu ena amamanga nyumba ndi dothi. Zisa zawo zimawoneka ngati nyumba zazing'ono.
Kodi mavu amadya chiyani?
Chithunzi: Wasp
Zakudya za mitundu ya mavu ndizosiyanasiyana. Zimatengera zinthu zingapo: mtundu wa nyama, gawo la chitukuko, malo okhala. Zitha kuwoneka kuti tizilombo timeneti siosankha konse chakudya. Amatha kudya maswiti, nsomba, zipatso, zipatso, komanso maswiti. Komabe, ichi sichakudya chachikulu cha mavu, koma ndizowonjezera zabwino pazakudya.
Mitundu yambiri imakonda zakudya zofewa, zamadzi. Amadyetsa zamkati mwa zipatso zosiyanasiyana, kuyamwa kwamasamba, zipatso ndi timadzi tokoma. Mukapeza mwayiwo, mavu sangadandaule kudya jamu, uchi, kapena chakumwa chotsekemera. Mavu amakhala ndi fungo labwino kwambiri. Chifukwa chake, amatha kupeza zipatso zokazinga kapena zowola mosavuta. Amakopanso ndi fungo la mowa komanso kvass. Mavu amabweretsa gawo la ana awo, chiberekero. Izi ndi zomwe antchito akuchita.
Mavu owononga amadya mosiyana pang'ono. Amadya makamaka tizilombo: kafadala, ntchentche, mphemvu, akangaude ang'onoang'ono. Umu ndi momwe amadyetsera ana awo. Kusaka nyama zolusa mavu ndi chidwi kwambiri. Choyamba, amasaka woti amugwire, kenako mwadzidzidzi amamuukira. Hymenoptera imayesetsa kuponya mbola m'zinthu zake posachedwa kuti iziwumitse. The poizoni amathandiza kuti nyama yatsopano.
Makhalidwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Wasp bumblebee
Moyo wa nyama iyi umadalira mitundu. Moyo wa mavu amodzi ungatchedwe wosasangalatsa. Amagwira nawo ntchito yokonzekera masheya a ana. Kuti achite izi, amaika nyama zolumala m chisa kuti mphutsi zizidya. Ana ena amakula okha, osathandizidwa ndi makolo awo.
Mavu ochezera amakhala mosangalatsa. Masika, chiberekero chimayang'ana malo oti apange "nyumba". Kumeneko amaikira mazira. Mphutsi zikaonekera, chiberekero chimazisamalira. Ana oyamba kukula amakula pakapita nthawi ndipo amachepetsa kholo lawo ku nkhawa. Amatenga udindo wonse wopeza chakudya ndi kumanga nyumba. Chiberekero chikukulirakulirabe kukula kwa njuchi.
Amakhulupirira kuti tizilombo toyamwa timakhala usiku m'maloto. Koma sizili choncho! Nyama izi sizigona. Ndi mdima womwe umayamba, zochitika zawo zachilengedwe zimangotsika. Mavu amakonda kucheza usiku zisa zawo, kutafuna makungwa. Pofika m'mawa, akulu amayamba kupanga zisa zatsopano.
Chosangalatsa: Nthawi yomwe amuna amakhala ndi moyo nthawi zambiri sipitilira milungu iwiri. Mavu amuna amamwalira atangokwatirana.
Khalidwe la oimira mitundu iyi ndilabwino kwambiri. Mavu samaukira koyamba osachita, koma amangoluma ngati ungawasokoneze pang'ono. Poterepa, kununkhiza kwa poizoni wobisika kumatha kuzindikira abale ake a tizilombo. Kenako munthu kapena nyama yomwe yasokoneza mavuyo imakhala pamavuto akulu. Mavu amatha kulumikizana ndikukumana ndi zoopsa limodzi.
Kakhalidwe ndi kubereka
Chithunzi: Mavu a Tizilombo
M'nyengo yozizira, akuluakulu amakhala m'malo ogona nthawi zonse. Kuti achite izi, amadzipezera okha malo obisika. Pofika masika, ndikutentha koyamba, chiberekero chimauluka kukafunafuna malo abwino omangira chisa. Chisa ndichofunikira kuti mkazi aziikira mazira ndikulera ana ake kumeneko. Pomanga, makungwa a mitengo, dongo, miyala ndi zinthu zina zachilengedwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito.
Anthu osabala amatuluka m'mazira oyamba. Apitiliza kumanga nyumba ndikuperekanso chakudya kwa ana amtsogolo mwa chiberekero. Pokhapokha kumapeto kwa chilimwe m'pamene pamatuluka ana amene amatha kuberekanso mtundu wawo. Ndi omwe adzakwatirane mtsogolo. Pambuyo pa umuna, akazi adzafunafuna malo otentha a nyengo yachisanu, ndipo posakhalitsa amunawo amafa mwachilengedwe.
Mavu amodzi amatha kubereka pafupifupi anthu zikwi ziwiri. Ambiri a iwo adzakhala osabala. Chiberekero chimasindikiza mazira omwe adayika mchipinda chapadera. Amaikanso tizilombo tating'onoting'ono kumeneko. Mphutsi zidzadya tizilomboto m'tsogolomu, kuti posachedwa tidzakhale wamkulu. Mphutsi, zomwe m'tsogolomu zidzatha kuberekanso ana, zimakhala ndi zakudya zosiyana kwambiri. Amadyetsedwa chakudya chomwe chimalimbikitsa kukula kwa maliseche awo. Chiberekero chimakhala pafupifupi miyezi khumi, ndipo mavu osabala amangokhala milungu inayi.
Adani achilengedwe a mavu
Chithunzi: Nyama ya mavu
Mavu, makamaka mitundu yachilengedwe, ndi nyama zonse. Amatha kugwira chitetezo palimodzi mdani akaukira.
Komabe, ngakhale madera a mavu amakhala ndi adani achilengedwe:
- Mitundu ina ya mbalame. Ndi mitundu yochepa chabe ya mbalame yomwe imalimba mtima kulimbana ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Makamaka, odyera mavu aku Europe amasaka mavu. Amazigwira ntchentche, nthawi yomweyo amang'amba mbola. Kenako amapereka mitemboyo kwa anapiye awo. Mavu samadana nawo akamadya njuchi. Amazigwira mosavuta, kuphwanya ndikumeza mwachangu. Nthawi yomweyo, iwowo salandira kuwonongeka kulikonse;
- Tizilombo ting'onoting'ono. Amayambira zisa za ma hornet. Nkhupakupa zazing'ono, "okwera" amadyetsa nyama zazing'ono zomwe zikukhalabe zisa. Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tikhoza kukhala tosaoneka kwa akuluakulu kwa nthawi yayitali kwambiri. Amachepetsa kwambiri ziweto zazing'ono;
- Nyama zamtchire. Mavu amafunika kusamala ndi ma hedgehogs, zimbalangondo, ndi nyama zina zamtchire zazikulu komanso zazikulu. Komabe, nyama zambiri zomwe zalumidwa ndi kachilombo kamodzi zimayesetsa kuzipewa mtsogolo;
- Anthu. Ng'ombe za mavu zikakhazikika pafupi ndi nyumba, m khola kapena chipinda chamkati, ndiye kuti pafupifupi nthawi zonse amafa. Anthu, paokha kapena mothandizidwa ndi akatswiri, yesetsani kuchotsa chisa ndi mavu mothandizidwa ndi njira zosiyanasiyana ndi poyizoni.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Chithunzi: Wasp
Mavu ndi gawo lofunikira, lothandiza komanso lofunika kwambiri pazinyama. Inde, sizimapanga uchi wokoma ngati njuchi ndipo zimawononganso makampani oweta njuchi. Komabe, m'magawo ena amoyo ndi chilengedwe, amachita ntchito yofunika kwambiri - amawononga tizirombo tambiri. Amagwira tizilombo ting'onoting'ono ndikudyetsa ana awo. Izi zimapindulitsa zomera. Munda, kubzala m'munda sikuvutika ndi tizirombo.
Mwachitsanzo, mavu angathandize kuthana ndi tizilombo ngati chimbalangondo. Ngati chimbalangondo chikuyamba patsamba lino, ndikokwanira kukopa mavu mothandizidwa ndi maluwa. Mavu apadziko lapansi "adzaika zinthu mwadongosolo" mwachangu kwambiri patsamba lino. Mavu atha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito kuthana ndi zopera ndi tizilomboti. Mitundu yotsatirayi imadyetsa tizirombo izi: khoma, mapepala, mutu waukulu, mphuno. Amatha kuchepetsa kwambiri tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Iyi ndiye njira yabwino kwambiri yolimbanirana nawo popanda kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala.
Mavu ndi ochuluka. Amapezeka m'mayiko ambiri, amachulukitsa mofulumira, ndipo amatha kudziteteza. Chifukwa chake, mitunduyo siziwopsezedwa ndikutha kapena kutha. Komabe, ndizosatheka kutsata kuchuluka kwa mavu molondola kwambiri. Izi ndi tizilombo tating'onoting'ono tomwe nthawi zambiri timakhazikika m'malo ovuta kufikako. Pachifukwa ichi, kuchuluka kwa anthu kulibe.
Kuteteza mavu
Chithunzi: Wasp Red Book
Mwambiri, mitundu ya mavu siyingatchedwe kuti ili pangozi, chifukwa chake siyidalembedwe mu Red Book. Mitundu yochepa yokha ndi yomwe asayansi amadziwika kuti ili pachiwopsezo m'malo ena. Mwachitsanzo, mavu a m'nkhalango adatchulidwa mu Red Book of the Moscow Region. M'chigawo cha Moscow, chikuyimiriridwa pang'ono. Mavu a mitengo nthawi zambiri amakhala m'nkhalango. M'nyumba za anthu, nyamazi sizimawoneka kawirikawiri.
Chifukwa chachikulu chakuchepa kwa mavu akunyumba ndi kusokonekera kwa anthu. Ichi ndiye chinthu chachikulu. Anthu amawononga dala zisawo. Komanso, nyengo zoyipa zimakhudza kwambiri kuchuluka kwa anthu. Izi ndichifukwa cha mawonekedwe apadera a kukaikira mazira. Tizilombo timeneti nthawi zina timamangira nyumba zawo poyera, m'mitengo. Ngakhale mvula yamphamvu ingawononge nyumba zawo mosavuta.
Adani achilengedwe komanso mpikisano waukulu kuchokera ku mitundu ina zimakhudza kuchuluka kwa mavu a m'nkhalango. Nthawi zambiri nyamazi zimagwidwa ndi mbalame, majeremusi, ndi tizilombo todwalitsa. Chifukwa cha kuwopsa komwe kulipo pakati pa mavu a mitengo, mitundu iyi ya tizilombo idalembedwa mu Red Book of the Moscow Region. Masiku ano, malo okhala nyama izi ndiotetezedwa mosamala. Tikukonzekeranso kukhazikitsa madera achitetezo achilengedwe posachedwa.
Mavu - woimira zodabwitsa za nyama. Miyoyo yawo ndi yaifupi mokwanira, koma yosangalatsa kwambiri. M'moyo wawo wawufupi, mavu amatha kumanga nyumba, kulera ana, ndipo mitundu ina ya zamoyo imathandiza munthu mwachangu komanso popanda mankhwala kuthana ndi tizirombo tomwe timakhala m'minda. Komanso sikuti mavu onse amakhala achiwawa monga momwe anthu amaganizira. Mitundu yambiri imakhala yamtendere ndipo sichimaluma munthu popanda chifukwa.
Tsiku lofalitsa: 22.03.2019
Tsiku losinthidwa: 17.09.2019 pa 16:35
