Nkhandwe ya ku Arctic chifukwa cha mawonekedwe ake - chilengedwe chosaiwalika. Amafanana ndi ziweto, zoyera kwambiri. M'chipale chofewa, nyama ngati imeneyi imatha kusazindikira, makamaka ngati nkhandwe itseka mphuno ndi maso. Izi sizinthu zapadera zokha, zomwe zimapangitsa chidwi cha anthu, komanso kusintha kwake kwakukulu pamoyo wamalo otentha.
Chiyambi cha mitundu ndi kufotokozera
Chithunzi: Nkhandwe ya Arctic
Ankhandwe aku Arctic ndi am'banja la canine, koma mtundu weniweni wa nkhandwe za ku Arctic umaimiridwa ndi mtundu umodzi wokha. Nyama izi nthawi zambiri zimatchedwa nkhandwe, kapena makamaka, nkhandwe zoyera kapena zoyera. Ankhandwe aku Arctic agawika m'magulu awiri kutengera mtundu waubweya wawo.
Kanema: Nkhandwe ya Arctic
Ankhandwe oyera amasintha kachulukidwe ndi utoto waubweya wawo chaka chonse. M'nyengo yozizira, amavala ubweya wobiriwira bwino kwambiri komanso wonenepa kwambiri ngati chipale chofewa - ndiye amene amayamikiridwa kwambiri m'misika yamaubweya. Pakakhala nyengo yayitali yam'madzi, amakhala obiriwira komanso ocheperako.
Koma ankhandwe abuluu nthawi zambiri amakhala opanda utoto woyera. Chaka chonse amavala malaya amtundu wa bulauni, bulauni kapena imvi. Kuyambira nyengo amasintha kachulukidwe kake.
Chilengedwe chawapatsa ubweya wakuda kwambiri ndi chovala mkati. Nyengo yomwe akukhalamo ndi yovuta kwambiri kotero kuti njira yokhayo yopulumukira ndi chovala chofunda chaubweya chaka chonse komanso malo osungira mafuta. Kuphatikiza apo, nyama zili ndi tsitsi ngakhale pamiyendo, pamiyendo ya zala. Ndi chifukwa chake nkhandwe zaku Arctic zidatchedwa dzina, chifukwa potanthauzira limatanthauza "hare paw".
Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: nkhandwe ya Animal Arctic
Koyamba, nkhandwe zaku Arctic koposa zonse zimawoneka ngati nkhandwe, koma ndizoyera zokha. Komanso, nyamazi ndizofupikirapo: miyendo yawo ndi yofupikirapo kuposa ya nkhandwe wamba, chifukwa chake zimawoneka ngati zopanda pake kapena zopanda pake. Ankhandwe aku Arctic ndi nyama zazing'ono, zazikulu kwambiri zimafikira makilogalamu 9, koma izi ndizochepa. Kwenikweni, nkhandwe za ku Arctic ndizinyama zazing'ono zitatu kapena zinayi. Kunja, ubweya umawapangitsa kukhala owala pang'ono.
Kutalika kwa thupi kumakhala pafupifupi masentimita makumi asanu mpaka makumi asanu ndi awiri, ndipo kutalika kwa nyama kumakhala pafupifupi masentimita makumi atatu. Kuwonjezeka kotereku kuli ngati mawonekedwe a dachshund. Kapangidwe ka thupi kotere kamalola kuti nyamayo igwiritse ntchito kutentha kwambiri, ndipo imakhala pansi, pomwe kuli mphepo zochepa.
Ankhandwe aku Arctic ali ndi mchira wokongola kwambiri. Amakula mpaka masentimita makumi atatu m'litali nawo, ndipo yokutidwa ndi ubweya wonenepa komanso wonenepa ngati thupi.
Mphuno ya chinyama chimasiyana ndi nkhandwe, ndi yayifupi komanso yotakata, ngakhale yaying'ono kwambiri, ndipo makutu ake ndi amfupi komanso ozungulira. Kusiyana koteroko ndikofunikira pamakhalidwe, izi sizikutanthauza kuthekera kozizira kwambiri gawo lalitali kwambiri la thupi. Chifukwa chake m'nkhandwe zazikuluzikulu zonse ndizophatikizika komanso zokutidwa ndi malaya abweya ndipo alinso ndi luso labwino kwambiri: kumva bwino komanso kununkhiza bwino.
Chida chosangalatsa chili ndi maso a nkhandwe ku Arctic: zimakutidwa ndi zotchingira kuchokera ku kuwala kowala kwambiri, komwe kumatha kuwonetsedwa kuchokera kumtunda wa chipale chofewa masiku oyera. Komabe, nkhandwe sizipatsidwa kupenya kwakuthwa.
Kodi nkhandwe zimakhala kuti?
Chithunzi: Arctic fox in the tundra
Ankhandwe aku Arctic amakhala kumpoto kwa Pole komanso kumtunda kwa tundra ndi nkhalango zozungulira. Kuphatikiza apo, amakhala pazilumba zonse zakumpoto, makontrakitala ngakhale atayandama. Ankhandwe aku Arctic amakhala makamaka mdera lamapikisano: North America, kumpoto kwa Europe ndi Asia. Koma nkhandwe za buluu zimakonda zilumba zoyandikana nazo, ndipo m'makontinenti zimapezeka kawirikawiri.
Ankhandwe aku Arctic amasinthidwa kukhala nyengo yovuta kwambiri yakumpoto, ma polar usiku ndi chisanu. Komabe, amakonda kwambiri chakudya. Ndipo, pakakhala kusowa kwa ntchito, amatha kusintha malo okhala, ndikuyenda mtunda wautali. Nkhandwe ya ku Arctic imatha kuthamanga pafupifupi makilomita zana patsiku ndi miyendo yake yofupikitsidwa mu chipale chofewa ndi chipale chofewa. Chifukwa chake nyama sizimangirizidwa ku malo ena ake ndipo nthawi zonse zimakhala zokonzeka kusintha malo awo kuti zikhale zokhutiritsa.
Malinga ndi malowa, ndichizolowezi kuwonetsa mitundu ingapo ya nkhandwe ku Arctic:
- Ankhandwe aku Arctic omwe amakhala pachilumba cha Iceland, kupatula iwo kulibe nyama zoweta, adapatsidwa dzina la Alopex lagopus fuliginosus.
- Ankhandwe aku Arctic pachilumba cha Bering. Subpecies iyi imadziwika bwino pakati pa obadwa nayo chifukwa cha ubweya wakuda. Sikuti aliyense amadziwa nkhandwe zotere, chifukwa sizili zoyera konse, koma zoyandikira zakuda. Kuphatikiza apo, anthu akulu kwambiri ndi amtunduwu. Dzina lawo ndi Alopex lagopus beringensis.
- Mmodzi mwa ma subspecies osowa kwambiri ndi nkhandwe za Mednovsky Arctic, zotchedwa dzina lanyumba, Chisumbu cha Medny. Pafupifupi zana limodzi mwa iwo adatsalira.
Kodi nkhandwe zimadya chiyani?
Chithunzi: Nkhandwe ya Arctic m'nyengo yozizira
Chakudya kwa anthu akumpoto otere ndi ovuta. Koma samangokhalira kudya ndipo amakhala okonzeka kudya zomwe amadya kuti zisawonongeke. Ankhandwe aku Arctic amadya makoswe ang'onoang'ono, makamaka mandimu. Amakopedwanso ndi mazira a mbalame ndi anapiye iwowo. Nyama zazing'ono zam'madzi zimakhalanso nyama zawo. Amatha kutafuna chidindo chaching'ono kapena walrus.
Mitundu ina ya nsomba, molluscs, crustaceans ngakhalenso zikopa za m'nyanja ndi chakudya chofala cha nkhandwe ku Arctic nthawi yotentha. Nkhandwe ya ku Arctic imagwiritsanso ntchito pafupifupi chilichonse kuchokera pachakudya chomera. Muli tchire pang'ono, motero palibe chosankha. Zakudyazo zimaphatikizapo zipatso, masamba osowa, nthambi zofewa za zitsamba, algae.
Satha kupirira nyama zikuluzikulu, komabe, ngati nyamayo idafa ndi kufa kwake kapena itaphedwa ndi nyama ina yayikulu, ndiye kuti nkhandwe sizidzanyoza zotsalazo. Zimachitika kuti nkhandwe zazikuluzikulu zimadziphatika ku zimbalangondo kapena mimbulu kuti zidye nyama zawo pambuyo pawo.
Mwambiri, nthawi yachisanu chakudya cha nkhandwe zaku Arctic nthawi zambiri chimakhala ndi nyama yakufa, kotero nyama imapezeka. Ankhandwe akum'mwera amadya nyama zakufa zakufa: anamgumi, ma walrus, zisindikizo zaubweya, otters am'madzi, zisindikizo ndi ena. Amatha kukhutitsa njala yayikulu ndi ndowe zosayera. Ankhandwe omwe anafa kale kwambiri amakhalanso chakudya cha abale awo apamtima. Mwanjira imeneyi, nyamazi zayamba kudya anzawo.
Makhalidwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Fox fox
M'chilimwe, nkhandwe ya Arctic imagwira ntchito kwanthawi yayitali - pafupifupi usana ndi usiku, womwe umalumikizidwa ndi nthawi yayitali masana. Pakadali pano chaka, amafunafuna chakudya choti azidyetsa banja lake. M'nyengo yotentha, nkhandwe iyenera kudzikundikira mafuta ndi michere mthupi lake, apo ayi sipulumuka nyengo yozizira. M'dzinja ndi nthawi yozizira, nkhandwe ya Arctic imakonda kupita kukasaka chakudya usiku.
M'nyengo yotentha, nyama nthawi zambiri zimapuma m'mayenje awo, koma nthawi zina zimapumulanso panja. Koma m'nyengo yozizira, nkhandweyi imakonda kukumba phanga latsopano panjira ya chipale chofewa ndikubisala kale pamenepo. Amatha kubisala masiku angapo motsatizana ndi chimphepo kapena nthawi yachisanu.
Mwambiri, nkhandwe zaku Arctic zimasinthidwa bwino ndimikhalidwe yamtunda. Koma ngakhale amatha kusintha kukhala malo ovuta, nyama zonse zakugwa zimayenda m'mphepete mwa nyanja kapena mitsinje kulowera kumwera? kumadera ophatikizika kwambiri, omwe atha kukhala kutali makilomita mazana angapo. M'chaka amabwerera pang'onopang'ono.
Moyo wabanja uli ngati nkhandwe. Akhozanso kukhala okha m'nyengo yozizira, ngakhale nthawi zambiri amasonkhana mzidutswa zingapo mozungulira nyama yayikulu. Ndipo kumapeto kwa nyengo, amapanga kale awiriawiri, kenako amadzutsa ana kudzera mu mgwirizano.
Mwachilengedwe chawo, nkhandwe za ku Arctic ndizochenjera ndipo sizisankha zoika pachiwopsezo mosafunikira. Nthawi yomweyo, amadziwika ndi kulimbikira komanso kudzikuza. Akakumana ndi zilombo zazikuluzikulu, samathawa, koma amangobwerera patali, ndipo ngati kuli kotheka, amayesa kulanda chidutswa cha nyama yake. Mwambiri, nkhandwe zaku Arctic zimaphatikiza njira zonse ziwiri zopezera kusaka -kugwira ntchito mosakira komanso freelogging.
Nthawi zambiri mumatha kuwona chimbalangondo chikudya, ndipo panthawiyi chimazunguliridwa ndi nkhandwe zingapo ku Arctic, kudikirira nthawi yawo. Kumalo kumene nkhandwe za ku Arctic sizikusakidwa, nyama siziopa munthu ndipo zimayandikira nyumba yake modekha. Amapanga mwaluso kwambiri. Mwachitsanzo, nkhandwe zanjala zaku Arctic zimatha kulowa mnyumba kapena nkhokwe za anthu, komwe kumakonda kuba chakudya. Akhozanso kuba chakudya kwa agalu.
Kakhalidwe ndi kubereka
Chithunzi: Arctic Fox Cub
Ankhandwe aku Arctic ndi nyama zokha. Nthawi zambiri amakhala awiriawiri olimba ndipo amakhala m'mabanja. Banja lirilonse limakhala ndi achikulire awiri - wamwamuna ndi wamkazi, ana awo a zinyalala zaposachedwa kuchuluka kwa ana atatu kapena khumi, ndipo nthawi zina azimayi achichepere angapo ochokera ku zinyalala zapitazo. Zinyama zina zimatha kukhala m'magawo ochokera m'mabanja angapo. Nthawi zambiri, akazi amalera makolo osakubereka. Nthawi zina mumitsinje yoyandikana yolumikizidwa ndi njira, mabanja awiri kapena atatu atha kulowa.
Nthawi zambiri, dera la nkhandwe za ku Arctic limakhala pakati pa 2 mpaka 30 ma kilomita. Komabe, m'zaka zanjala, nkhandwe zakumtunda zimatha kuthamanga kwambiri kudera lawo, mpaka makilomita makumi.
Ankhandwe akuluakulu asanabadwe amadziboolera okha. Malo obowola nthawi zonse amasankhidwa m'malo okwezeka, chifukwa pali chiopsezo chisefukira m'chigwa ndi madzi osungunuka. Maenje nthawi zambiri amabowola panthaka yofewa, pakati pa miyala yomwe imafunikira kuti itetezedwe. Mtsuko wokhala bwino woyenera kuswana ukhoza kupitilizidwa ku nkhandwe ku mibadwomibadwo. Koma nthawi zambiri mink yakale imasiyidwa ndi mbadwo watsopano, ndipo kuzama kwatsopano kumamangidwa pafupi. Nthawi zambiri amalumikizana ndi nyumba ya makolo ndi ngalande. Nthawi zina mumatha kupeza labyrinths yathunthu, yolowera 50-60 zolowera.
Nyama izi zimafika pokhwima pogonana miyezi 9 kapena khumi ndi chimodzi. M'mwezi wa Marichi kapena koyambirira kwa Epulo, nkhandwe zachikazi zimayambira ku estrus, zomwe nthawi zambiri sizikhala milungu iwiri. Pakadali pano, nthawi yotchedwa kusaka imadutsa. Nthawi yomwe mkazi amatha kutenga pakati, ndewu zimachitika pakati pa amuna okhaokha. Polimbana, amakopa chidwi cha akazi. Kukopana kwamphongo kumatha kuchitika munjira ina: amathamangira kutsogolo kwa wosankhidwa ndi ndodo, ndi fupa kapena chinthu china m'mano mwake.
Mimba imatenga masiku 52, koma mtengowu umatha kuyambira masiku 49 mpaka 56. Chakumapeto, pomwe mayi wapakati akumva kuti abereka posachedwa, nthawi zambiri m'masabata awiri, amayamba kukonzekera malo okhala - amakumba dzenje latsopano, kutsuka lakale ndi masamba. Ngati palibe burrow pazifukwa zina, ndiye kuti amatha kuberekera m'tchire. Kuyambira nthawi yomwe wamkazi amabereka anawo, nkhandwe yamphongo yamphongo imakhala nyama yokhayo yabanja lonse.
Mkazi amasamalira mokwanira mwanayo. Ana aang'ono amadya mkaka kwa milungu pafupifupi 10. Kenako, atakwanitsa zaka zitatu kapena zinayi zakubadwa, pang'onopang'ono amayamba kuchoka pamtombowo. Amayi samangowadyetsa kokha, komanso amawaphunzitsa kusaka, amawaphunzitsa kupulumuka kuzizira, kukumba maenje ozizira pachipale chofewa.
Adani achilengedwe a nkhandwe ku Arctic
Chithunzi: Nkhandwe ya Arctic
Ngakhale kuti nkhandwe yokha ndi yolusa, nyama iyi ilinso ndi adani. Ana amakhala pachiwopsezo chachikulu. Ankhandwe aku Arctic amatha kusakidwa ndi nkhandwe, agalu amisala, nkhandwe ndi mimbulu. Nthawi zina chimbalangondo chakumpoto chimatha kuwomberanso, ngakhale nthawi zambiri nkhandwe sizimakonda chifukwa chochepa.
Koma ankhandwe ang'onoang'ono amatha kukhala nyama zodya nyama, monga:
- Kadzidzi Woyera;
- chiwombankhanga chagolide;
- skua;
- mphungu yoyera;
- khwangwala;
- kadzidzi;
- Mitundu yayikulu yamphongo.
Koma nthawi zambiri, nkhandwe zakumtunda sizimafa ngati ozunzidwa, koma chifukwa cha njala chifukwa chosowa chakudya. Chifukwa chake, munthawi zachilengedwe, kuchuluka kwa nyama (komanso kuberekana) kumasiyana kwambiri chaka ndi chaka. Matenda, makamaka mphere, distemper, arctic encephalitis ndi helminthiasis, nawonso amachepetsa.
Kwa nkhandwe ya Arctic, omwe amapikisana nawo pachakudya ndi nyama monga ermine kapena weasel. Koma zamoyozi ndizochepa ndipo chifukwa chake sizimayambitsa kuwonongeka kwa nkhandwe ku Arctic. Komanso, pazaka makumi angapo zapitazi, kusintha kumalire akumwera kwa malo okhala nkhandwe kumpoto kwawonedwa. Asayansi angapo amaganiza kuti izi ndi zotsatira za nkhandwe zomwe zimapanga nkhalango. Koma palinso lingaliro loti kusamutsidwa kwawo kumachitika chifukwa cha kutentha kwa nthaka ndi nthaka, pazinyontho zake, zomwe zimasintha nthawi yayitali pachikuto cha chisanu, microclimate of burrows ndikusintha pakugawidwa kwa chakudya.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Chithunzi: Arctic Fox Red Book
Chiwerengero cha nkhandwe ku Arctic chimasinthasintha kwambiri kutengera kupezeka kwa chakudya, makamaka mandimu. Komanso kusamuka kwa nyama kumakhudza kwambiri kuchuluka kwa anthu. Monga nthawi yophukira iliyonse nyama zomwe zimakhala mumtunda zimayamba kuyendayenda m'mphepete mwa nyanja ndi zigwa za mitsinje kulowera kumwera, ndikubwerera kumapeto kwa nyengo yachisanu, sizinyama zonse zomwe zimapulumuka poyenda, ndipo zina mwa izo zimafa, makamaka m'zaka zanjala.
M'dera lamtunda wazaka zingapo zaka ziwerengerozi zimatha kuchoka pa masauzande angapo mpaka nyama zikwi mazana angapo. Ankhandwe aku Arctic ndi ochuluka kwambiri mu Bolshezemelskie, Yenisei, Ustyansk, Yamal, Prilensk tundras.
M'mbuyomu, anthu ankasaka nkhandwe kwambiri chifukwa cha malaya awo okongola. Izi zidapangitsa kutsika kwakukulu. Chifukwa chake, lero nyengo yosakira ndiyokhazikika - imangokhala nthawi yophukira, ndipo ndi akulu okha omwe amasakidwa. Ndipo wocheperako, komanso wowopsa, wokhala ndi ochepa kwambiri, Commander subspecies of the blue fox (aka Mednovsky arctic nkhandwe) ali ndiudindo wa nyama zomwe zatsala pang'ono kutha ndipo adatchulidwa mu Red Book of Russia.
Kuteteza nkhandwe ku Arctic
Chithunzi: Nkhandwe ya Arctic yochokera ku Red Book
Pakadali pano, ntchito yogwirabe ntchito ikuwonjezera nkhandwe za polar. Kudyetsa nyama kumakonzedwa munthawi ya njala. Chifukwa cha kuweta kosavuta kwa nkhandwe za ku Arctic, adayamba kuzisankhira ali mu ukapolo. Finland ndi Norway ndi omwe akutsogolera kusamalira ndi kuswana.
Nkhandwe ya arctic, yomwe ili mu Red Book of Russia, imatetezedwa ku Commander Biosphere Reserve. Kusodza kwa nkhandwe ya Mednovsky Arctic kunatha kwathunthu m'ma 60s. Nthawi zina amayeserera kuchiza ana agalu a nkhandwe odwala matenda, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti azikhala ndi moyo.
Pofuna kupewa ndikuchepetsa kufa kwa nyama m'nyengo yozizira, komanso nthawi yakugwa kwa ana, zoyesayesa zidapangidwa kuti muchepetse kutumizidwa kwa agalu ku Chilumba cha Medny, komanso kuyesa kupanga nazale yoti izitha kubzala nkhandwe za Arctic zamtunduwu mu ukapolo.
Tsiku lofalitsa: 23.02.2019
Tsiku losintha: 09/15/2019 ku 23:55
