Jerboa wamkulu ndi nyama yodabwitsa yomwe imadziwika ndi mawonekedwe ake apadera othamanga. Dzina lina la nyamayo ndi kalulu wadothi. Nyama izi ndizazikulu kwambiri pakati pa mitundu yonse ya ma jerboa. Nyama imasiyanitsidwa ndi kusamala kwakukulu, mantha ndikuwongolera moyo wobisika. Pankhaniyi, ambiri samaganiza kuti ndi nyama yanji, komanso momwe imawonekera.
Chiyambi cha mitundu ndi kufotokozera
Chithunzi: Big jerboa
Great jerboa ndi ya rodentia dongosolo la makoswe ndipo ndi membala wa banja la zala zisanu za jerboa. Malinga ndi mbiri yakale, makolo a ma jerboas amakono amakhala padziko lapansi pafupifupi nthawi yokhazikika. Zatsimikiziridwa mwasayansi kuti munthawi ya Oligocene adaliko kale padziko lapansi, ndipo zaka 33 - 24 miliyoni zapitazo!
Zikuoneka kuti akale omwe adalipo kale ma jerboas ochokera kudera la Asia adasamukira kudera la North Africa, komanso ku Europe. Masiku ano, kulibe oimira mitundu iyi ku Europe. Kunja, ma jerboas ndi ofanana kwambiri ndi mbewa zotuwa. Mwachilengedwe, pali pafupifupi khumi ndi zisanu mwa nyama zodabwitsa izi.
Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Animal great jerboa
Kunja, ma jerboas akulu amafanana ndi mbewa zakumunda, hares, komanso ma kangaroo. Ali ndi mutu waukulu, wozungulira komanso khosi lalifupi kwambiri lomwe limaphatikizana. Mphuno ya chinyama ndi yozungulira, yocheperako pang'ono. Ali ndi zazikulu, zotchinga kwambiri, maso akuda ndi mphuno mu mawonekedwe a chigamba.
Pali ma vibrises ataliatali, ovuta kuzungulira masaya. Ma vibrises adapangidwa kuti azindikire njira yodutsamo, imakhala ngati mtundu wama sensor oyenda. Mbali yapadera ya ma jerboas akulu ndi makutu akulu, ataliatali, chifukwa chake amatchedwa hares wadothi. Makutu a Dina ndi masentimita 5-7.
Kanema: Big jerboa
Komanso, mtundu uwu wa nyama umasiyanitsidwa ndi nsagwada zamphamvu, zopangidwa ndi mano 16 kapena 18. Zipilalazi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kupukusa chakudya komanso kumasula nthaka mukamakumba.
Kukula kwa thupi la munthu wamkulu:
- Kutalika kwa thupi - 18-27 masentimita;
- Kukonda kugonana kumatchulidwa: amuna amakhala akulu kuposa akazi;
- Kutalika kwa mchira ndikotalika kamodzi ndi theka la thupi ndipo ndi masentimita 24-30;
- Thupi silipitirira magalamu mazana atatu;
- Mchira wautali, wopyapyala umagwira ntchito yofunika yoyeseza mukamathamanga. Kumapeto kwa mchira kuli ngayaye yaubweya, nthawi zambiri yoyera. Mchira ulinso malo ogulitsira mafuta amthupi. Amathandiza nyamazo kupulumuka m'nyengo yozizira.
Kutsogolo kwanyama ndi kofupika. Miyendo yakumbuyo ndi yayitali kwambiri kuposa miyendo yakutsogolo. Kukula kwawo ndi kukula kwa 3-4 kutalika kwa miyendo yakutsogolo. Ma jerboas akulu amakhala ndi mapazi amphamvu kwambiri chifukwa chakuti amangoyenda kokha ndi miyendo yawo yakumbuyo. Kutalika kwa phazi kumafika masentimita khumi. Miyendo ili ndi zala zisanu. Chala choyamba ndi chachisanu sichikukula bwino. Mafupa atatu apakati pazala amakula pamodzi kukhala amodzi, omwe amatchedwa kuti Tariso. Zala zili ndi zikhadabo zazitali.
Chovala chanyama chimakhala chofewa komanso chofewa, chimakhala ndi chikasu, imvi, kutengera dera lomwe amakhala. Tsaya ndi lopepuka kuposa thunthu. Kwa anthu ena, masayawo amakhala oyera. Padziko lakunja kwa miyendo yakumbuyo pali ubweya wowala wopingasa.
Kodi jerboa wamkulu amakhala kuti?
Chithunzi: Big jerboa Red Book
Nthumwi iyi ya banja lazitsulo zazitali zisanu imakhala m'malo opondereza. Zaka zana zapitazo, nyamazi zinkakhala kuchokera kumadzulo kwa Ukraine kupita kudera lodziyimira palokha la China. Mpaka pano, malo okhala nyamayo achepetsedwa kwambiri chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa malo omwe amakhala ndi anthu.
Malo omwe amagawidwa a jerboa wamkulu:
- gawo lakummawa kwa Europe;
- Kazakhstan;
- madera akumadzulo a Siberia;
- phazi la phiri la Tien Shan;
- m'munsi mwa mapiri a ku Caucasus;
- zigawo zakumpoto kwa Nyanja Yakuda;
- zigawo zakumpoto kwa Nyanja ya Caspian;
- phazi la mapiri a Altai.
Dera lamapiri ndi nkhalango limasankhidwa ngati malo okhala. Amayesetsa kulima, malo olimapo. M'madera ngati amenewa, ma jerboas sangathe kudzipangira okha nyumba yokwanira. Kokani madera okhala ndi nthaka yolimba. Komanso, nthawi zambiri mumatha kupeza jerboa yayikulu m'malo am'mphepete mwa nyanja yamadzi amchere, mitsinje ya steppe. Kukhazikika m'dera lamapiri ndichikhalidwe. Anthu atha kukwera kutalika kwa mita zikwi chimodzi ndi theka pamwamba pamadzi.
Ma jerboas akulu amakonda malo athyathyathya okhala ndi masamba osakwatira, madambo, ziphuphu zamnkhalango za paini. Amadziwika kuti ndi nyama zosadzichepetsa malinga ndi nyengo ndi nyengo, komanso chilengedwe.
Kodi jerboa yayikulu imadya chiyani?
Chithunzi: Big jerboa
Ma jerboas akulu amawerengedwa kuti ndi odyetsa nyama. N'zochititsa chidwi kuti maonekedwe a mchira akuwonetsa kuchuluka kwa chakudya, thanzi komanso kunenepa. Ngati mchira ndi wochepa thupi ndipo mafupa a msana sawoneka bwino, nyamayo ndi yopanda thupi ndipo imakhala pafupifupi m'manja mpaka pakamwa. Ngati mchira ukuwoneka wozungulira komanso wodyetsedwa bwino, nyama sichimasowa chakudya. Tsiku lililonse, chinyama chimafunika kudya chakudya chosachepera magalamu 50-70, kutengera kulemera kwake.
Maziko azakudya zazikulu za jerboa ndi:
- Mbewu;
- Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda;
- Zipatso;
- Mbewu;
- Mizu ya mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zomera.
Ndizodabwitsa kuti nyama zazing'onozi sizimamwa madzi. Amadya kuchuluka kwa madzi kuchokera kuzomera. Jerboas amatha kuyenda maulendo ataliatali kukafunafuna chakudya. Amasuntha makamaka munjira zomwe zidafunsidwapo kale. Kutha kuyenda mpaka makilomita khumi. Nyama zimakonda kudya anyezi a goose, kufesa nandolo, steppe bluegrass, mavwende, mavwende.
Nyama sizisankha kwambiri chakudya. Pakakhala zosakaniza zomwe amakonda, amatha kudya pafupifupi chilichonse chomwe angapeze.
Amawerengedwa kuti ndi gawo lofunikira kwambiri pamasamba omwe amakhala. Amagawira mbewu m'dera lomwe amayenda, amayang'anira kuchuluka kwa tizilombo m'derali. Komabe, nthawi yomweyo, amatha kukhala onyamula matenda opatsirana owopsa. Zakudya zimatha kusiyanasiyana kutengera nyengo. M'chaka, amakonda kudya mphukira zazing'ono, zobiriwira zobiriwira. Ngati pali madera oyandikira pafupi, amakumba minda posaka mbewu zomwe zaikidwa pansi.
Makhalidwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Big jerboa (dothi kalulu)
Jerboa wamkulu ndi nyama yokhayokha. Amakonda kukhala otakataka kwambiri usiku. Masana, amabisala m'malo obisalamo - minks. Nthawi zambiri amawasiya masana. Maenje a Jerboa amaimira makonde osanjikiza 5-6 mita kutalika. Kumapeto kwa corridor pali zowonjezera monga chipinda chodyera.
M'madera akumpoto, nyumba zaufulu zaulere nthawi zambiri zimakhala. Kuzama kwa pogona kumatsimikiziridwa ndi nyengo. M'chilimwe ndi masika, maenje amakumbidwa pakuya masentimita 50-110, nthawi yozizira - masentimita 140-220. Masana, nyama zimaphimba pakhomo lolowera m'malo awo okhala ndi nthaka. Ngalande yayitaliyo ili ndi zolowera zingapo zomwe zimatseguka pafupifupi padziko lapansi.
Udindo waukulu pakumanga nyumba zogona kumaseweredwa ndi zida zoyambira kutsogolo. Miyendo imagwira ntchito yothandizira. Dziko lofukulidwa limayenda ndi mphuno, chimodzimodzi ndi nkhumba. Ma jerboas akulu hibernate. Amabisala mumtambo kuti azitha kubisala ndi nyengo yozizira komanso chisanu choyamba. Hibernation imatha kumapeto kwa Marichi.
Malo osungira mafuta omwe amakhala m'malo amchira amalola kusamutsa nyengo yachisanu. Munthawi imeneyi, anthu ena amataya 50% yamthupi lawo. Ndizofunikira kudziwa kuti atadzuka, makutu a nyama amatsitsidwa. Amangowuka pokhapokha magazi ndi minofu yawo ikabwezeretsedwanso.
Jerboas amakonda kukhala moyo wawokha. Ndizofunikira kudziwa kuti adakhazikika bwino mu ukapolo. Milandu yakunyumba ndiyofala, ndipo nthawi zina munthu amakhala ndi anthu awiri kapena kupitilira omwe amakhala bwino. Jerboas amayenda kokha ndi miyendo yawo yakumbuyo. Amathamanga pamtengo, amatha kusuntha, akukankha mosinthana ndi umodzi ndi miyendo ina yakumunsi. Pa nthawi imodzimodziyo, mchira umakhala wosasunthika ndipo umakhala ngati chiwongolero. Jerboas amatha kuthamanga kwambiri.
Amadziwika kuti ndi ena othamanga kwambiri. Amakhala othamanga mpaka 50 km / h, ndipo amatha kuthamanga pamlingo wopitilira makilomita awiri. Ndichizindikiro kuti ma jerboas akulu ndi akatswiri ampikisano wampikisano. Ndikukula kwawo, amalumpha mpaka mamitala atatu kutalika, komwe kumakhala kotalikirapo kakhumi kuposa kutalika kwa thupi lawo. Nyama mwachibadwa zimapatsidwa chidwi chakumva komanso kununkhiza.
Kakhalidwe ndi kubereka
Chithunzi: Animal great jerboa
Nthawi yaukwati imayamba ndikutha kwa hibernation. Chiyambi cha nthawi imeneyi chimawerengedwa kuti kumapeto kwa Marichi, koyambirira kwa Epulo. Nthawi yaukwati imakhala mpaka nthawi yophukira. Jerboas amatha kubereka ana katatu pachaka ngati zinthu zili bwino. Kubala kotereku kumapangitsa kuti anthu omwe ali pachiwopsezo ayambirenso kudera lawo. Mimba imatenga kanthawi kochepa - masiku 25-27. Mkazi m'modzi amatha kubereka kuyambira 1 mpaka 6-7 makanda. Nthawi zambiri, ana amawoneka mchaka.
Anawo amakhala mwezi woyamba ndi theka mpaka miyezi iwiri ali pogona ndi makolo awo. Kumapeto kwa nthawi ino, amayamba kukhala moyo wakutali. Ana aamuna amadziwa kuti ndi nthawi yoti apatukane ndi makolo awo pomwe mkazi amakhala wamakani komanso osasamala. Chizindikiro cha machitidwe otere ndi kusowa kwa malo mumtambo, komanso kuwonjezeka kwakukulu kwa kulemera kwa mwanayo. Anthu omwe afika zaka zisanu ndi zisanu ndi zisanu zakubadwa amadziwika kuti ndi okhwima. Mkazi amatenga gawo lalikulu la chisamaliro cha ana.
Zazimuna zimakonza malo obadwira pofukula una wina. Ana amabadwa opanda thandizo. Sakuwona chilichonse, alibe tsitsi. Kunja, amafanana ndi makoswe.
Adani achilengedwe a jerboa yayikulu
Chithunzi: Big jerboa
Mwachilengedwe, makoswe ang'onoang'onowa ali ndi adani ambiri.
Adani mu vivo:
- Zokwawa;
- Njoka;
- Zolusa mbalame;
- Mitundu ina ya abuluzi;
- Mimbulu;
- Lynx;
- Ankhandwe.
Ngakhale ma jerboas amakhala moyo wobisika, ndipo amangotuluka usiku, nthawi zambiri amakhala nyama ya adani. Kuopsa kwakukulu kwa ma jerboas kumaimiridwa ndi njoka, komanso akadzidzi, omwe amasaka makamaka usiku. Makoswe amasiyanitsidwa ndi kumva kwabwino komanso kununkhiza. Chifukwa cha izi, amatha kuzindikira zoopsa zikadali kutali. Pozindikira zoopsa, nyamazo zimathawa mwachangu. Malo ogona apadera a mink amawathandiza kupewa ngozi.
Zochita za anthu zikuchepetsa mwachangu ziweto. Kukula kwa madera ndikuwononga chilengedwe cha makoswe kumabweretsa chiwonongeko cha nyama.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Chithunzi: Mwana wamkulu wa jerboa
Mwambiri, sizinganenedwe kuti mtundu wamakoswe watsala pang'ono kutha. Komabe, ku Russia ndi Ukraine, nyama izi zikuwonongedwa. M'madera ambiri a Russia, jerboa yayikulu idalembedwa mu Red Book: Moscow, Lipetsk, Tambov, Nizhny Novgorod. Wapatsidwa udindo wokhala mtundu wosatetezeka.
Kulondera jerboa yayikulu
Chithunzi: Big jerboa Red Book
Pofuna kuteteza zamoyozi, pali njira zingapo zomwe zikukonzedwa kuti chiwonjezere anthu. M'madera omwe mbewa zimakhala, zidalembedwa mu Red Book. Kukula kwa madera, kulima malo, kudyetsa ziweto sikuloledwa m'derali.
Jerboa wamkulu amaonedwa kuti ndi nyama yodabwitsa kwambiri. Anthu ambiri zimawayambira bwino kunyumba. Sachedwa kuzolowera zikhalidwe zatsopano ndikukhala owonda.
Tsiku lofalitsa: 13.02.2019
Tsiku losintha: 16.09.2019 nthawi 14:22
