Fossa Ndi nyama yayikulu yolusa yomwe ili ndi mano akulu, omwe amafanana kwambiri ndi kusakaniza kwa otter wamkulu ndi cougar. Amapezeka m'nkhalango za Madagascar. Anthu okhala pachilumbachi amamutcha mkango. Mapangidwe a nyama ali ngati chimbalangondo. Achibale oyandikana kwambiri ndi odyetsa usiku anali afisi, mongooses, osati banja la mphalapala. Achibale akutali ndi ma viverrids.
Chiyambi cha mitundu ndi kufotokozera
Chithunzi: Fossa
Fossa ndiye wokhalamo wakale kwambiri komanso nyama yayikulu kwambiri ku Madagascar. Yemwe ali membala wa mtundu wa Cryptoprocta. Nyama ndiyosowa kwambiri kwakuti palibenso kwina kulikonse padziko lapansi. M'madera a chilumbachi, chilombocho chimapezeka kulikonse, kupatula mapiri. M'mbuyomu, abale ake adafikira kukula kwa mkango, chibwenzi.
Giant fossa idazimiririka anthu atawononga mandimu omwe amadya. Kuchokera kuphanga fossa, ndimafupa okhawo owopa. Malinga ndi asayansi, chilombochi chakhala pachilumbachi zaka zoposa 20 miliyoni.
Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Momwe fossa imawonekera
Kukula ndi kusakhazikika kwa Fossa kumafanana ndi mkango. Kutalika kwa thupi lanyama kumatha kufikira 80 cm, mchira kutalika 70 cm, kutalika kukafota 37 cm, kulemera mpaka 11 kg. Mchira ndi thupi ndizofanana kutalika. Chilombo chimafuna mchira kuti ukhale wolimba kumtunda komanso kuti uziyenda limodzi ndi nthambi.
Amuna nthawi zambiri amakhala akulu kuposa akazi. Thupi la zilombo zolusa ndilolimba, lalitali, mutu ndi wocheperako ndimakutu ozungulira, khosi ndilitali. Mano a 36 kuphatikiza ziphuphu zazikulu zopangidwa bwino. Monga mphaka, maso ozungulira, owala owala komanso otalika, olimba, otetemera bwino, omwe ndiofunikira kwa nyama zolusa usiku. Miyendo yayitali ndiyolimba komanso yolimba ndi zikhadabo zakuthwa. Miyendo yakutsogolo ndi yaufupi poyerekeza ndi yakumbuyo. Poyenda, nyama imagwiritsa ntchito phazi lonse.
Chovalacho ndi chakuda, chofewa, chosalala komanso chachifupi. Chophimbacho chimatha kukhala chakuda, chofiyira, kapena chofiirira, chomwe chimathandiza kusakanikirana ndi mithunzi ya m'nkhalango, savannah komanso yosawoneka. Fossa amayenda kwambiri, akuyenda pamitengo mwachangu. Monga gologolo akudumpha kuchokera panthambi kupita kunthambi. Yambani kukwera mitengoyo ndikutsikira mosavuta pansi. Mphaka sungachite izi. Zomveka zimapangidwa ndi omwe amawadziwa bwino - amatha kulira, kapena amatha kuchemerera ngati amphaka athu.
Cryptoprocta ndi dzina lasayansi la nyamayo chifukwa chakupezeka kwa thumba lobisika, lomwe lili mozungulira anus. Chikwamachi chimakhala ndi England wapadera yemwe amabisa chinsinsi cha utoto wowala ndi fungo linalake. Fungo limeneli ndilofunika kuti nyama zolusa zizisaka. Akazi achichepere amapatsidwa mawonekedwe osangalatsa. Pakutha msinkhu, nkongo yawo imakula kukula mpaka imafanana ndendende ndi mbolo yamwamuna. Mkati mwake mumakhala fupa, minga ngati pagulu la amuna kapena akazi anzawo, ndipo ngakhale madzi a lalanje amapangidwa. Pamapapo pamaberekedwe omwe amafanana ndi mikwingwirima.
Koma mawonekedwe onsewa amasowa mwa akazi ali ndi zaka 4, pomwe thupi lake limakhala lokonzekera umuna. Nkongo yocheperako imachepa ndikukhala maliseche achikazi abwinobwino. Zikuwoneka kuti umu ndi momwe chilengedwe chimatetezera akazi kuti asakwere msanga.
Kodi fossa amakhala kuti?
Chithunzi: Fossa nyama
Fossa imapezeka paliponse, chifukwa ndi ya nyama zamoyo zokha ndipo imangokhala m'dera linalake. Chifukwa chake, nyama yapaderayi yapadera yochokera kubanja la mongoose imapezeka ku Madagascar kokha, kupatula kudera lamapiri.
Nyama imasaka pafupifupi pachilumba chonse: m'nkhalango zam'malo otentha, m'minda, m'tchire, pofunafuna chakudya imalowa m'chipululu. Fossa imapezekanso nkhalango zotentha komanso zachinyezi ku Madagascar. Amakonda nkhalango zowirira, momwe amapangira malo awo okhala. Ngati mtundawo uli wopitilira 50 metres, ndiye kuti umayenda modzipereka kwambiri pansi. Amapewa mapiri. Sichikwera pamwamba pa 2000 mita pamwamba pamadzi.
Amakumba maenje, amakonda kubisala m'mapanga ndi m'maenje a mitengo kumtunda. Amabisala pamafoloko amitengo, m'malo obisalapo chiswe, komanso pakati pa miyala. Nyama yokha pachilumbachi yomwe imayenda momasuka m'malo obisika.
Posachedwa, nyama zachilendozi zimawoneka m'malo osungira nyama. Amanyamulidwa kuzungulira padziko lapansi ngati chidwi. Amadyetsedwa mphaka ndi nyama, zomwe amakonda kuzidya mwachilengedwe. Zinyama zina zitha kudzitama kale kuti zabala ana agalu mu ukapolo.
Kodi fossa amadya chiyani?
Chithunzi: Fossa kuthengo
Kuyambira miyezi yoyambirira yakubadwa, nyamayo imadyetsa ana ake nyama.
Zakudya zake zachizolowezi zimakhala ndi nyama yochokera kuzinyama zazing'ono komanso zazing'ono, monga:
- tizilombo;
- amphibiya;
- zokwawa;
- nsomba;
- mbewa;
- mbalame;
- nguluwe zakutchire;
- mandimu.
Ndi ma lemurs amanyazi a ku Madagascar omwe amapanga chakudya, chomwe chimakonda kwambiri foss. Koma kuwapeza sikophweka. A Lemurs amayenda mwachangu kwambiri pamitengo. Kuti mupeze "mbale" yomwe mumakonda kwambiri mlenje, ndikofunikira kuthamanga kwambiri kuposa lemur.
Ngati chilombo cholusa chimatha kugwira mandimu, ndiye kuti ndizotheka kutuluka m'manja mwa chilombocho. Amagwira mwamphamvu womenyera ndi zikopa zakutsogolo ndipo nthawi imodzimodziyo amang'amba kumbuyo kwa mutu wa wosaukayo ndi mano akuthwa. Wodya nyama wa ku Madagascar nthawi zambiri amadikirira nyama yomwe adabisala m'malo obisika ndikuukira komwe abisalira. Mosavuta kuthana ndi wovulalayo yemwe amalemera chimodzimodzi.
Fosses ndiwadyera mwachilengedwe ndipo nthawi zambiri amapha nyama zambiri kuposa zomwe amadya okha. Chifukwa chake, adadzipangira mbiri pakati pa anthu akumaloko, ndikuwononga khola lankhuku. Anthu akumidzi akukayikira kuti nkhuku sizikhala ndi moyo chifukwa cha fungo loipa lochokera kumatumbowa a kumatako.
Makhalidwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Fossa Cat
Mwa njira yamoyo, zotsalira zimafaniziridwa ndi kadzidzi. Kwenikweni, amagona m'malo obisika masana, ndikuyamba kusaka madzulo. Masana, alenje amagona kwambiri. Malinga ndi kafukufuku waposachedwa, zawululidwa kuti nyama zapaderazi zimagona ndikusaka ngakhale nthawi yamasana. Ndikokwanira kuti nyamayi igone mphindi zochepa masana kuti ipezenso bwino ndikuyenda mozungulira gawo lake.
Ma fossas amatsogolera moyo nthawi yayitali. Izi zimangodalira momwe zinthu ziliri komanso momwe zinthu zilili: nthawi yachaka, kupezeka kwa chakudya. Amakonda moyo wapadziko lapansi, koma kuti azisaka moyenda pamitengo. Fossa amakhala osungulumwa mwachilengedwe. Nyama iliyonse ili ndi malo ake odziwika amakilomita angapo. Izi zimachitika kuti amuna angapo amatsatira gawo lomwelo. Amasaka okha. Chokhacho ndi nthawi yobereka ndi kulera ana aang'ono, pomwe achichepere ndi amayi awo amasaka pagulu.
Ngati mukufuna kubisala, ndiye kuti nyama zimakumba dzenje pazokha. Amayenda makilomita asanu kapena kupitilira apo patsiku. Amayendayenda ndi zinthu zawo mopuma. Nthawi zambiri samadutsa kilomita imodzi pa ola limodzi. Kuthamanga kwambiri ngati kuli kofunikira. Ndipo zilibe kanthu kuti mumathamangira pati - pansi, kapena pamwamba pamitengo. Amakwera mitengo yokhala ndi zikhasu zamphamvu ndi zikhadabo zazitali zakuthwa. Amadzisamba okha ngati amphaka, kunyambita dothi lonse kuchokera ku zikoka ndi mchira wawo. Osambira abwino.
Foss yakhazikitsidwa bwino:
- kumva;
- masomphenya;
- mphamvu ya kununkhiza.
Nyama yosamala, yamphamvu komanso yosamala, yomwe thupi lake limagonjetsedwa ndi matenda osiyanasiyana mwachilengedwe.
Kakhalidwe ndi kubereka
Chithunzi: Madagascar Fossa
Fossa amakhala paokha mpaka nyengo yobereketsa, yomwe imachitika kugwa, mu Seputembara-Okutobala. Nthawi yokolola, yaikazi imapereka fungo lamphamvu kwambiri lomwe limakopa amuna. Amuna angapo amayamba kumuukira. Mzimayi akafuna kukwatira, amakwera mumtengo ndikuyembekezera wopambana. Amuna samakhala osamala, kuwonekera kumawoneka. Amapanga phokoso loopsa ngati kulira ndikukonzekera ndewu pakati pawo.
Wamphongo, yemwe adakhala wamphamvu, adakwera mumtengo kupita kwa wamkazi. Koma sikofunikira konse kuti avomereze chibwenzi. Ndipo pokhapokha mwamunayo akamugwirizira, atembenuka, akutukula mchira, ndikutuluka kumaliseche. Mwamuna amakhala kumbuyo, amamugwira "dona" uja ndi khosi. Njira yolumikizirana ndi korona wamtengo wamwamuna m'modzi imatha mpaka maola atatu ndipo imatsagana ndi kunyambita, kubangula, ndi kung'ung'udza. Chilichonse chimachitika ngati galu. Kusiyana kokha ndikuti agalu samakwera mitengo.
Singano yaitali mbolo bwinobwino amapanga loko ndi banja kwa nthawi yaitali kuyembekezera kutha kwa ndondomekoyi. Pakati pa sabata kukhathamira kumapitilira, koma ndi amuna ena. Nthawi yamkazi wamkazi ikatha, malo ake pamtengo amatengedwa ndi akazi ena kutentha, kapena mwamunayo amapita kukafunafuna amuna kapena akazi okhaokha. Nthawi zambiri, kwa mwamuna aliyense pamakhala zazikazi zingapo zomwe ndizoyenera kuti zibereke.
Amayi oyembekezera ndiye osakira okha amafufuza malo otetezeka, obisika kwa ana. Adikirira ana pafupifupi miyezi itatu, mu Disembala-Januware. Kawirikawiri, ana awiri kapena asanu opanda mphamvu olemera magalamu 100 amabadwa. Chosangalatsa ndichakuti, oimira ena a civerrids amangobereka mwana m'modzi.
Ana agalu amakhala akhungu, opanda mano pakubadwa, okutidwa ndi kuwala pansi. Wonaninso pafupifupi milungu iwiri. Amayamba kusewera wina ndi mnzake. Pambuyo pa mwezi ndi theka, amatuluka m'dzenjemo. Pafupifupi miyezi iwiri, amayamba kukwera mitengo. Kwa miyezi yoposa inayi, mayiyo adyetsa anawo mkaka. Pakatha chaka ndi theka, achinyamatawo amasiya dzenje la amayi awo ndikuyamba kukhala pawokha. Koma pofika zaka zinayi zokha, ana ang'onoang'ono amakhala akuluakulu. Nthawi yamoyo ya nyama izi ndi zaka 16-20.
Adani achilengedwe a Fossa
Chithunzi: Vossa
Palibe adani achilengedwe mwa akulu ena kupatula anthu. Anthu am'deralo sakonda nyamazi ndipo amachita mantha. Malinga ndi mawu awo, samaukira nkhuku zokha, koma nthawi zina nkhumba ndi ng'ombe zimasowa. Chifukwa cha mantha awa, anthu aku Malagasy amachotsa nyama ndipo samazidya. Ngakhale nyama ya fossa imadyedwa. Achinyamata amasakidwa ndi njoka, mbalame zolusa, ndipo nthawi zina ng'ona za ku Nile.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Chithunzi: Predator waku Madagastkar
Fossa pachilumbachi ndizofala m'mbali zonse, koma chiwerengero chawo ndi chochepa. Panali nthawi yomwe amawerengedwa mayunitsi pafupifupi 2500 a akulu. Masiku ano, chifukwa chachikulu chakuchepa kwa ziweto ndi kusowa kwa malo okhala. Anthu akuwononga nkhalango mosaganizira, ndipo chifukwa chake, kuchuluka kwa mandimu, omwe ndi chakudya chambiri chambiri zakale, kumachepa.
Nyama zili pachiwopsezo cha matenda opatsirana omwe amapatsirana kuchokera kuzoweta. Mu kanthawi kochepa, kuchuluka kwa zotsalira kwatsika ndi 30%.
Alonda a Fossa
Chithunzi: Fossa wochokera ku Red Book
Fossa - nyama yosowa kwambiri padziko lapansi komanso ngati nyama "yomwe ili pangozi" yalembedwa mu "Red Book". Pakadali pano, ili mu "mitundu yovuta". Nyama yapaderayi ndiyotetezedwa ku malonda ndi malonda. Oimira ecotourism amalimbikitsa kupulumuka kwa nyama zosawerengeka ku Madagascar, kuphatikizapo fossa. Amathandizira nzika zakomweko ndalama, kuwalimbikitsa kuti asunge nkhalango, komanso kuti asunge nyama zamtengo wapatali kwambiri padziko lathuli.
Tsiku lofalitsa: 30.01.2019
Tsiku losinthidwa: 16.09.2019 pa 21:28
