Dontho la nsomba Ndi cholengedwa chachilendo kwambiri komanso chophunzira pang'ono chomwe chimakhala munyanja. Simungakhale opanda chidwi ndi mawonekedwe ake: imodzi ndi yoseketsa komanso yomvetsa chisoni nthawi yomweyo. Cholengedwa chodabwitsa ichi ndi cha banja la akatswiri amisala. Ndizosatheka kukumana naye mwamwayi, chifukwa amakhala mozama kwambiri ndipo kuchuluka kwa nsombazi ndikochepa.
Chiyambi cha mitundu ndi kufotokozera
Chithunzi: Ikani nsomba m'madzi
Monga tanenera kale, dontho la nsomba ndi m'modzi mwa am'banja la psychrolute. Maina ake ena ndi a psychrolute kapena ng'ombe yaku Australia. Amatchedwa dontho chifukwa amafanana ndi mawonekedwe ake, komanso, amawoneka ngati mankhwala odzola.
Mpaka posachedwa, sizinkadziwika kwenikweni za nsomba yapaderayi. Idagwidwa koyamba ndi asodzi pafupi ndi chilumba cha Australia cha Tasmania mu 1926. Nsomba zomwe zinagwidwa zinadzutsa chidwi chachikulu, ndipo asodziwo adaganiza zosamutsira kwa asayansi kuti aphunzire mozama. Chifukwa chake, nsomba zidasankhidwa ndipo patapita kanthawi ziiwalika, nthawi zambiri sizinaphunzire.
Kanema: Dontho la nsomba
Izi ndichifukwa chakuya kwakukulu komwe amakhala. Pa nthawi imeneyo, zinali zosatheka kuti aphunzire zizolowezi zake ndi zochitika m'moyo mwachilengedwe. Pafupi ndi theka lachiwiri la zaka za makumi awiri ndi ziwiri pomwe kugwiritsa ntchito zombo zakuya panyanja zidatheka.
Cholengedwa chachilendo chinapezekanso m'mphepete mwa Australia ndi Indonesia, okhawo anthu anali atamwalira kale, kotero sanachite chidwi ndi kafukufuku wasayansi. Pazaka zapitazi, chifukwa cha chitukuko chaukadaulo, asodzi opha nsomba adakwanitsa kutengera mtundu wamoyo.
Ndikoyenera kudziwa kuti nsomba iyi m'njira zambiri ikadali yosamvetsetseka, zizolowezi zake zonse ndi moyo wawo sizinaphunzirenso mokwanira, chifukwa zimakonda moyo wosawonekera, wobisika, ndi wosowa komanso wakuya kwambiri.
Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Kodi nsomba yoponya imawoneka bwanji
Maonekedwe a nsomba zakuya kwambiri ndizapadera, chifukwa ndi wosaiwalika. Atamuwona kamodzi, munthu sangakhale wopanda chidwi. Imafanana kwenikweni ndi dontho, ndipo kusasinthasintha kwa nsombazo kumakhala kokometsera. Kuchokera kumbali, nsombayo imawoneka yachilendo, koma pankhopeyo imangokhala yapadera. Nkhope yake ikufanana ndi munthu wokhala ndi masaya obwebweta, mkamwa mokhumudwa komanso mphuno yophwatalala. Pamaso pa nsomba pali njira yokhudzana ndi mphuno za munthu. Nsombazo zimawoneka zokhumudwa kwambiri komanso zokwiya.
Mtundu wa nsombayi ndiwosiyana, zimatengera mtundu wapansi pomwe umakhala, chifukwa zimachitika:
- pinki wonyezimira;
- bulauni wonyezimira;
- bulauni yakuda.
Mutu wa nsombayo ndiwofunika kukula kwake, umasandulika thupi laling'ono. Pakamwa pake ndi kwakukulu, ndi milomo yakuda. Maso ndi ochepa, osalankhula (ngati simuyang'ana mozama). Nsombayo iyenera kutalika kwa theka la mita, imalemera 10 - 12 kg. Kwa malo am'nyanja, amawerengedwa kuti ndi ochepa kwambiri. Palibe mamba mthupi mwa nsombayo, zomwezo zitha kunenedwa za kuchuluka kwa minofu, kotero imawoneka ngati odzola kapena odzola.
Mankhwala otchedwa gelatinous amapangidwa ndi kuwira kwa mpweya komwe nsomba yozizwitsa ili nayo. Chinthu china chofunikira ndikuti ilibe chikhodzodzo, monga nsomba wamba. Dontho lili ndi zinthu zonse zodabwitsa chifukwa chokhazikika pamalo akuya kwambiri, pomwe kuthamanga kwamadzi kumakhala kwakukulu kwambiri. Chikhodzodzo chosambira chikadaduka ndikuphwanya.
Kodi nsombazi zimakhala kuti?
Chithunzi: Nsomba zachisoni
Nsomba yotsika imabweretsa moyo wapansi. Thupi lake lonse lachilendo limapangidwa kuti lizisangalala kwambiri. Amakhala m'nyanja ya Pacific, Atlantic ndi Indian, makamaka, m'malo awo osamvetsetseka. Nthawi zambiri amapezeka ndi asodzi m'mbali mwa nyanja ku Australia komanso pafupi ndi chilumba cha Tasmania.
Kuzama komwe amakhala kumasiyana pakati pa 600 ndi 1200 mita. Kupanikizika kwamadzi am'madzi kumakhala kopitilira 80 kuposa kuzama kwapafupi pafupi ndi nthaka. Nsomba yotsitsa idazolowera kusungulumwa ndipo idayamba kukonda, chifukwa sizamoyo zambiri zomwe zimapezeka mozama kwambiri. Idasinthidwa kukhala mdima wanthawi zonse m'madzi, kotero masomphenya amakula bwino, nsomba imayenda bwino komanso moyenera, osathamangira kulikonse.
Nsomba zotsitsidwazi ndizosamala kwambiri ndipo zimakonda kuti zisachoke kudera lomwe zimasankha tsiku lililonse. Kawirikawiri imakwera mpaka kufika mamita 600. Izi zitha kuchitika pokhapokha, mwamwayi, atapezeka ndi maukonde. Nsomba yotereyi sidzawonanso kuzama komwe imakonda. Tsoka ilo, izi zidayamba kuchitika pafupipafupi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti nsomba yachilendoyi iwonongeke padziko lapansi.
Kodi nsomba yoponya imadya chiyani?
Chithunzi: Drop fish (Psychrolutes marcidus)
Moyo wa dontho la nsomba pansi pa chigawo chachikulu cha madzi ndi wovuta kwambiri komanso wosawoneka bwino. Sizovuta kupeza chakudya chako mozama. Ngakhale amawoneka ovuta, nsomba yotsika imangowona bwino. Izi sizosadabwitsa, chifukwa pansi penipeni, mdima komanso kusatsimikizika kumalamulira nthawi zonse. Ndizosangalatsa kuti pansi penipeni maso a nsombazi akutuluka kwambiri ndikutuluka, pamwamba pamadzi amachepetsedwa kwambiri, titha kunena kuti aphulitsidwa ngati mabaluni.
Chifukwa chowona bwino, nsombazi zimasaka nyama zopanda mafupa zazing'ono, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimadya, ngakhale sizingatchulidwe kuti kusaka.
Dontho silikhala ndi minyewa ngakhale pang'ono, chifukwa chake limatha kusambira mwachangu, chifukwa cha izi, lilibe mwayi wotsatira nyama yake. Nsombayo imakhala pamalo amodzi ndikudikirira kuti idye, pakamwa pake pakamwa pake patatseguka, ngati msampha. Chifukwa chosatheka kuyenda mwachangu, kuchedwa kwambiri, nsomba izi nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi njala, zopanda chakudya chokwanira.
Zabwino zonse ngati mutha kumeza mitundu ingapo ya invertebrates nthawi imodzi. Kuphatikiza apo, pakuya kwakukulu kwa zolengedwa zamoyo kumakhala kocheperako kuposa kumtunda. Chifukwa chake, ndizosowa kwambiri kupeza chakudya chabwino kuchokera ku nsomba zodabwitsa, ndikudya chakudya, nthawi zambiri, zinthu zimakhala zomvetsa chisoni.
Makhalidwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Nsomba Zakuya Zam'madzi
Nsomba yakudonthoyo imakhalabe chinsinsi mpaka kumapeto kwake. Zochepa ndizodziwika pazochita zake, mawonekedwe ake komanso moyo wake. Asayansi apeza kuti ndiyopepuka kwambiri, imangosambira pang'ono, imangoyandama chifukwa chakuti mankhwala ake ngati odzola ndi ochepa kwambiri kuposa madzi. Kuzizira m'malo mwake ndikutsegula pakamwa pake, amatha kudikirira nthawi yayitali pachakudya chake.
Zolengedwa zosavutikazi zimakhala zaka 5 mpaka 14, ndipo malo okhala ovuta kwambiri samakhudza kulimba kwake, koma mwayi umangowakhudza. Ngati ndi yayikulu, ndiye kuti nsomba sizingapitirire ukondewo, ndipo ipitilizabe kukhalapo. Amaganiziridwa kuti zitsanzo zowoneka bwino za nsombazi zimakonda kukhala zokha, zokha. Amapanga awiriawiri kwakanthawi, kuti abereke ana.
Nsombazo sizimakonda kuchoka pansi pake ndipo sizimayandikira pamwamba pamadzi mwawokha. Kuzama kosaya kwambiri komwe imatha kupezeka ndi pafupifupi 600 mita. Poganizira momwe nsombazi zimayendera komanso momwe zimakhalira, mawonekedwe ake amakhala odekha komanso oseketsa. Moyo wawo umangokhala, ngakhale zochepa zimadziwika bwino.
Zikuwoneka kuti izi zimachitika kokha pamene sanabadwebe. Nsomba ikakhala mayi, imawonetsa chisamaliro chodabwitsa pa mwachangu ndikuwateteza munjira iliyonse. Nsomba yatchuka kwambiri pa intaneti komanso pawailesi yakanema chifukwa chazizindikiro zapadera, zodabwitsa komanso zapadera zomvetsa chisoni za physiognomy.
Kakhalidwe ndi kubereka
Chithunzi: Drop Fish
Monga tanenera kale, nsomba zazikulu zimakhala zokhazokha, zimakhala moyo wakutali, ndipo zimangokhalira kudzaza mtunduwo. Magawo ambiri amakasinja a nsomba zadontho sanaphunzirepo konse. Asayansi sanazindikire momwe amakopera mnzake? Kodi zolengedwazi zimakhala ndi mwambo wapadera waukwati ndipo chofunikira chake ndi chiyani? Kodi njira yopangira umuna kwa mkazi imachitika bwanji? Kodi dontho la nsomba limakonzekera bwanji kuswana? Zonsezi zimakhalabe chinsinsi mpaka lero. Komabe, asayansi adatha kudziwa zambiri zakumasulira kwa nsomba chifukwa cha kafukufuku amene adachitika.
Mkazi amaikira mazira ake m'malo osiyanasiyana pansi, omwe amapezeka mdera lake. Kenako imakhala pamazira omwe atayikira, ngati nkhuku yankhuku yomwe ili mchisa ndipo imawasanganira, yoteteza kuzilombo zosiyanasiyana komanso zoopsa. Dontho la nsomba limakhala pachisa chake ana onse asanabadwe. Kenako mayi wachikondi kwa nthawi yayitali amabweretsa mwachangu, kuwasamalira mosamala. Mkazi amathandiza ana kuti azolowere dziko lodabwitsa komanso losatetezeka lomwe lili pansi pa nyanja.
Ikangotuluka mwachangu m'mazira, banja lonse limakonda kukhala m'malo obisika kwambiri, limakhala patali kwambiri, limatsikira kwakuya kwambiri, komwe kumakhala kovuta kuti akhale nyama yolusa. Mayi mosatopa amasamalira mwachangu mpaka nthawi yodziyimira pawokha. Kenako, madontho achichepere okalamba mokwanira amapita kusambira kwaulere, kufalikira m'njira zosiyanasiyana kuti apeze malo oyenera okha.
Adani achilengedwe a madontho a nsomba
Chithunzi: Drop Fish
Ponena za achilengedwe, adani achilengedwe omwe amatha kuvulaza dontho la nsomba, palibe chomwe chimadziwika za iwo. Pansi penipeni, pomwe nsomba zachilendozi zimakhala, palibe zolengedwa zamoyo zochuluka kwambiri ngati pamwamba pamadzi, chifukwa chake, nsomba iyi sinapezeke ndi anthu ena osawadziwa mwapadera, zonsezi chifukwa chosadziwa chidziwitso chamoyo chodabwitsa ichi.
Asayansi akuganiza kuti nyama zina zomwe zimadyanso nyama zakuya kwambiri, zitha kuwopseza nsomba zachilendozi. Pano mungatchule squid wamkulu, nsomba zakuya za m'nyanja, zomwe pali mitundu yambiri. Zonsezi ndi zongoyerekeza komanso zopanda malingaliro zomwe zilibe umboni wowoneka ndipo sizigwirizana ndi zowona zilizonse.
M'nthawi yathu ino, akukhulupirira kuti mdani woopsa kwambiri komanso wowopsa wa dontho la nsomba ndi munthu yemwe angatsogolere mtundu uwu kuwonongeka kwathunthu. M'mayiko aku Asia, nyama yake imadziwika kuti ndi yabwino, ngakhale azungu amaiona ngati yosadya. Nsomba zomwe amaponyazo nthawi zambiri zimakodwa mumisodzi ya asodzi, amatsitsidwa mpaka pansi ndikuwedza squid, nkhanu ndi nkhanu.
Makamaka, chifukwa cha nsomba iyi, palibe amene akusaka, koma amavutika chifukwa cha ntchito zowedza izi, zomwe pang'onopang'ono zimabweretsa kuchuluka kwake kale pamlingo wovuta.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Chithunzi: Drop Fish
Ngakhale dontho liribe adani apadera, kuchuluka kwa nsomba iyi kwayamba kuchepa.
Pali zifukwa izi:
- kutuluka kwa ukadaulo wamakono wosodza;
- kuwonjezeka kwakukulu mu ntchito zausodzi;
- kuwonongeka kwa chilengedwe, kuipitsa nyanja ndi zonyansa zosiyanasiyana zomwe zimadziunjikira pansi pakapita nthawi;
- kudya madontho a nyama zam'madzi m'maiko aku Asia komwe zimawoneka kuti ndizabwino.
Kuchuluka kwa nsomba zomwe zatsika ndikotsika kwambiri. Kuti ichitike kawiri, itenga kuyambira zaka 5 mpaka 14, izi zimangokhala m'malo abwino, apo ayi iyambiranso. Kuletsa kugwira nsomba zamtunduwu, koma kumapitilizabe kugwera m'makoka a asodzi akapukuta pansi nawo posaka nsomba zina.
Ndizotheka kuti kufalikira komwe nsomba zachilendozi zapeza pa intaneti komanso pawailesi yakanema zithandizira kwambiri vuto lochepetsa kuchuluka kwa zamoyozi ndikuthandizira kuchitapo kanthu mozama kuti ziwapulumutse. Titha kunena kuti cholengedwa chodabwitsa kwambiri kuposa nsomba yoponya chimakhala chovuta kupeza pa pulaneti lathu lalikulu. Zili ngati kuti zidatumizidwa kwa ife kuchokera kunja kuti tiwone moyo wina ndikuumvetsetsa, tiuphunzire mozama komanso mwatsatanetsatane.
Ndizodabwitsa kuti m'badwo wathu wopita patsogolo, pomwe palibe chilichonse chosadziwika, pamakhala chinsinsi komanso chinsinsi chodabwitsa kwambiri ngati dontho la nsomba, lomwe silinaphunzirepo kwenikweni. Mwinamwake posachedwa asayansi atha kuwulula zinsinsi zonse za nsomba zodontha zosamvetsetseka. Chofunika kwambiri ndikuti nsomba kugwetsa sanasiye kukhalapo ndipo anapulumuka mpaka nthawi zija.
Tsiku lofalitsa: 28.01.2019
Tsiku losintha: 09/18/2019 ku 21:55
