Ma dolphin amadziwika ndi anthu kuyambira kalekale, pomwe oyendetsa sitima oyamba adawona momwe nyamazi zimayendera zombo zawo. Ma dolphin a Bottlenose amadziwika ndiubwenzi wawo komanso kusewera kwawo, saopa anthu ndipo amalumikizana nawo mofunitsitsa. Ndipo luntha lawo lofulumira komanso lanzeru zawo zimalola ofufuza ena kunena kuti ma dolphin a botolo ayenera kuonedwa ngati nyama zanzeru, zomwe, mwina, kupitirira mamiliyoni a zaka zamoyo, zidapanga chitukuko chake m'madzi.
Kufotokozera kwa dolphin ya botolo
Dolphin yotchedwa bottlenose dolphin, yomwe imadziwikanso kuti dolphin yayikulu kapena yotchedwa bottlenose dolphin, ndi ya mtundu womwewo wa dolphin, womwe, kuphatikiza pawo, mitundu iwiri yofanananso ilinso: A dolphin aku India ndi Australia. Awa ndi anyani otchuka kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi.
Maonekedwe
Thupi la dolphin la botolo lili ndi mawonekedwe a fusiform, ndikupangitsa nyamayi kuwoneka ngati nsomba, koma nthawi yomweyo imapereka ma hydrodynamics abwino chifukwa chochepetsa mkangano motsutsana ndi madzi. Thupi lake kutsogolo limawoneka lokulirapo kuposa kumbuyo.
Nthawi yomweyo, mapangidwe a ma dolphin omwe amakhala kunyanja ndi omwe amakhala pafupi ndi gombe ndi osiyana. Omwe ali ndi thupi lamphamvu komanso lamphamvu, pomwe omalizira amawoneka achisomo kwambiri ndipo, nthawi zambiri, amakhala ocheperako pang'ono.
Mutuwu umasunthidwa, ndikututumuka kotsogola kutsogolo, kotchedwa kutsogolo kwa mphuno, komwe kumakhala minofu ya adipose. Kusunthira kumlomo wotalika ngati mkamwa ndikowopsa kwambiri, ndikupanga mawonekedwe ozungulira amtunduwu. Nsagwada zam'munsi za dolphin zamatenda otsogola ndizopita patsogolo pang'ono kuposa zakumwambazo. Mabowo opumira, omwe amatchedwa spirals, amasunthira mmwamba ndipo amakhala pafupifupi pamwamba pamutu.
Mitsempha yam'mbali, yokhotakhota pang'ono, ili ndi mawonekedwe osafanana ndi kachigawo kakang'ono ka mwezi. Zipsepse za pectoral, zokulirapo m'munsi mwake, zimayang'ana kumapeto. Amakhala otsogola kutsogolo, osakanikirana kuchokera kumbuyo. Mchira wa mchira ndi wopatukana, wamphamvu komanso wamphamvu.
Zosangalatsa! Dolphin ya botolo imafuna zipsepse osati kungoyenda: ndizofunikanso pakusamutsa kutentha, popanda zomwe dolphin sakanakhalako. Nthawi zina ma dolphin am'madzi amwalira chifukwa cha kutentha kwambiri, kuponyedwa kumtunda. Poterepa, zipsepse zawo, atasiya kulumikizana ndi madzi, anangosiya kugwira ntchito ndipo sanathenso kutenga nawo gawo pakuwonjezera mphamvu.
Thupi la dolphin la botolo lajambulidwa pamwamba pake, utoto wake ndi wopepuka pansipa: kuyambira imvi mpaka pafupifupi yoyera. Poterepa, pali njira ziwiri zamitundu yakuthupi. Ma dolphin amtundu woyamba, pamakhala kusiyanasiyana pakati pamitundu yakuda yakumtunda ndi mimba yoyera kapena yoyera. Mwa ma dolphin amtundu wa botolo wokhala ndi mtundu wachiwiri wa utoto, malire pakati pa kuwala ndi mdima wamthupi sadziwika, imawoneka ngati mzere wowongoka, wosweka kapena wavy wonyezimira.
Kukula kwa botolo
Kutalika kwa thupi la zinyama izi ndi ma 2.3-3 mita, nthawi zina zimapezeka zazikulu, zomwe kukula kwake kumafika 3.6 mita. Nthawi yomweyo, kutalika kwa thupi lamwamuna kumakhala masentimita 10 mpaka 20. Kulemera kwa ma dolphin a botolo nthawi zambiri kumakhala makilogalamu 150-300.
Khalidwe ndi moyo
Ma dolphin a botolo amakhala pansi, koma nthawi zina amatha kuyendayenda, atakakamira m'magulu ang'onoang'ono. Amadzuka masana, ndipo usiku amagona, atakwera pamwamba pamadzi. Chosangalatsa ndichakuti, akugona, gawo lina laubongo limapitilizabe kugwira ntchito, pomwe linalo likupuma. Izi zimathandiza kuti nyamayo izindikire zoopsa zomwe zingachitike ndikuwapuma nthawi, kutuluka m'madzi.
Ma dolphin a Bottlenose ndi nyama zosangalala kwambiri. Amakonda kusangalala komanso kusewera wina ndi mnzake. Zilombozi sizimasiyana mosalekeza, ndipo zimachitika kuti ma dolphin amtundu wa botolo amasamukira pagulu lina pazifukwa zomwe amadziwika okha.
M'masukulu a dolphin, utsogoleri wosadziwika bwino umatha kutsatidwa. Zinyama zonse zomwe zimaphatikizidwamo zimagawika m'magulu osiyana kutengera msinkhu wawo: akulu, kukula komanso achichepere kwambiri. Pamutu wa paketi ndi mtsogoleri, monga lamulo, wamwamuna wamkulu kwambiri komanso wamphamvu kwambiri amakhala iye.
Ma dolphin amadziwika chifukwa chaubwenzi wawo ndi anthu.
M'mbiri yonse ya chitukuko cha anthu, palibe mlandu ngakhale umodzi womwe udanenedwapo kuti ma dolphin amtundu wa botolo amaukira anthu, koma ngakhale olemba mbiri yakale ananena kuti nthawi zambiri ma dolphin amapulumutsa oyendetsa sitima m'madzi omwe adasweka.
Zimachitika kuti amaika ngakhale miyoyo yawo pachiswe kuti ateteze anthu ku nsomba. Pachifukwa ichi, ma dolphin amaoneka ngati ozungulira omwe amawoneka ngati akuzungulira anthu ndi mphete yowirira ndikusambira mozungulira, zomwe zimalepheretsa kuti nyamayo ifike kwa amene angamuvute.
Mbalame yotchedwa bottlenose dolphin imasambira bwino ndipo imatha kufika pamtunda wa makilomita 40 pa ola limodzi, yomwe imafanana kwambiri ndi liwiro laulendo wapanyanja. Nyama izi zimadumphira m'madzi mpaka kutalika kwa mita 5. Nthawi yomweyo, ma dolphin amachita zanzeru zingapo, zomwe tanthauzo lake silikudziwikabe kwa ofufuza, ngakhale ena mwa iwo amakhulupirira kuti iyi ndi njira yolumikizirana yolumikizana ndi zolengedwa zodabwitsazi.
Ma dolphin a Bottlenose ali ndi zida zovuta kumva, mothandizidwa ndi nyama izi, zimamveka mosiyanasiyana, wamba komanso pafupipafupi mafunde akupanga, omwe anthu samamva. Zina mwa njira zolankhulirana zomveka za ma dolphin a botolo, wina amatha kutulutsa kukuwa komwe amatulutsa pofunafuna nyama, mame omwe amapangira pakudya ndi kuwomba maphokoso omwe amatumiza ma dolphin a botolo kuopseza abale awo. Zimayenda pansi pamadzi kwinaku zikusaka nyama, ma dolphin amenewa amalira mokweza, zomwe zimakumbutsa za kukundika kwa timadontho ta dzimbiri.
Kumbali ya luntha, nyama zina zochepa, kupatula chimpanzi, zomwe zingafanane nazo. Mwachitsanzo, ma dolphin am'madzi amadziwikanso ndi kuthekera kwakumvetsetsa monga kutha kutengera machitidwe amunthu, kumvetsetsa magwiridwe antchito mchilankhulo chopangidwa mwaluso, kumvetsetsa malingaliro osamveka, ndipo, koposa zonse, kutha kudzizindikira pakalilore, zomwe ndi umboni wakudziwonetsera komwe kulipo mu izi zolengedwa.
Ndi ma dolphin angati omwe amakhala m'matumba ambiri
Pafupifupi, ma dolphin okhala ndi botolo amakhala zaka 20, koma amatha zaka 40 kapena kupitilira apo.
Mitundu ya botolo
Mwachilengedwe, pali mitundu itatu yocheperako ya ma dolphin amtundu wa botolo, omwe nthumwi zawo zimasiyana pang'ono ndi zina:
- Nyanja yakuda ya dolphinakukhala mu Nyanja Yakuda.
- Dolphin wamba wamatenda, komwe kumakhala Nyanja ya Mediterranean ndi Atlantic.
- Dolphin waku Far Eastokhala m'madzi ozizira a kumpoto kwa Pacific.
Pafupi Indian dolphin, zomwe zimasiyana ndi nthumwi za mitundu yonse yomwe ili pamwambayi mu mphuno yayitali komanso mano angapo paziyaya za nsagwada, ndiye kuti akatswiri azanyama alibe mgwirizano woti angawone ngati mtundu wina kapena tinthu tating'ono ta dolphin.
Malo okhala, malo okhala
Ma dolphin amtundu wa bottlenose amakhala m'malo otentha komanso ofunda a m'nyanja. Ku Atlantic, imatha kuwona kulikonse, kuchokera kugombe la South Greenland kupita ku Argentina, Uruguay ndi South Africa. Mulingo wake umaphatikizanso nyanja za Caribbean, Mediterranean, Black ndi Baltic. Ku Indian Ocean, dolphin wa botolo amakhala ku Nyanja Yofiira kupita ku South Australia. M'nyanja ya Pacific, ma dolphinwa amapezeka kale pafupi ndi magombe a Japan ndi zilumba za Kuril, ndipo malo awo okhala m'chigawochi amapakidwa kuzilumba za Tasmania, New Zealand ndi Argentina.
Ma dolphin ena amtundu wa botolo amakonda kukhala kunyanja, pomwe ena amakhala kunyanja, osapitilira 30 mita.
Zakudya za botolo
Ma dolphin a Bottlenose ndi nyama zodya nyama, zomwe zimadya makamaka nsomba. Kutengera komwe amakhala, ma dolphin okhala ndi botolo amadya nsomba, zomwe kukula kwake kumakhala kwakutali masentimita 30, popeza zimawavuta kuthana ndi nyama zazikuluzikulu. Zina mwa zakudya zomwe amakonda ndi ma anchovies, mackerel, mullet wapakatikati, ndi nyanja zam'madzi. Kuphatikiza apo, ma dolphin amatha kudyetsa ma crustaceans ndi ma cephalopods ang'onoang'ono. Nthawi yomweyo, ma dolphin ogwiritsira ntchito mabotolo amagwiritsira ntchito mano awo akuthwa kuti asang'ambe nyama zawo kapena kuzitafuna, koma amangogwira, chifukwa ma dolphin amameza nsomba kapena chakudya china chokwanira iwo.
Zosangalatsa! Zimachitika kuti ma dolphin omwe amakhala ngati botolo amaoneka kuti amagwirizana ndi anthu, kuwathandiza kuyendetsa nsomba mumkhombazo posaka. Ma dolphin omwe, pankhaniyi, amakhutira ndi nsomba zomwe asodziwo sanazigwire.
Kubereka ndi ana
Nthawi yoswana ya ma dolphin a botolo imachitika mchaka ndi chilimwe. Nthawi yomweyo, akazi omwe afika zaka zosachepera zisanu akhoza kuberekana, ndipo amuna amatha kukhala okhwima ngakhale atakwanitsa zaka 10-13.
Mimba mwa akazi a nyama izi imatha chaka chimodzi ndipo chilimwe chotsatira mwana m'modzi amabadwa, thupi lake limakhala pafupifupi mita imodzi. Imalemera, pafupifupi 10 kg. Kubala kumachitika m'madzi, ndipo, kupatula mayi woyembekezera, azimayi angapo amapezeka pamenepo. Dolphin imabadwa ndi mchira wake kaye ndipo patatha mphindi zochepa imatuluka, limodzi ndi amayi ake, kupita pamwamba pamadzi kuti ipume koyamba.
Poyamba, mkazi nthawi zambiri amamudyetsa mkaka: mphindi 10-30 zilizonse mukamadyetsa kale. Nthawi yonseyi, mwana amayesetsa kukhala pafupi ndi mayi ake, koma pambuyo pake, akayamba kudya chakudya chotafuna, amatha kusambira kutali ndi mayi. Dolphin wamkazi amapitilizabe kudyetsa mwana wake mpaka miyezi 18-23, ndipo nthawi zambiri kuyamwa komaliza kumachitika pokhapokha atabereka mwana wina. Komabe, mwana wa dolphin wamkulu amakhala pafupifupi zaka zisanu ndi chimodzi pamodzi ndi amayi ake ndi abale ndi alongo ake ang'onoang'ono. Nthawi zambiri, dolphin zachikazi zimaswana patatha zaka 2-3 zilizonse, koma ngati mwana wa dolphin amwalira atangobereka, amatha kukwatiranso pambuyo pa chaka.
Ma dolphin amtundu wa bottlenose amatha kusakanikirana ndi ma dolphin amitundu ina ngakhale anamgumi ang'onoang'ono opha, ndipo, malinga ndi zomwe ofufuza ena awona, izi zimachitika osati mu ukapolo wokha, komanso, ngakhale nthawi zambiri, ngakhale kumalo achitchire a nyama izi.
Chifukwa chake, pamakhala zochitika za kubadwa kwa ana a haibridi ochokera ku ma dolphin wamba ndi anamgumi ang'onoang'ono wakupha akuda. Ana obadwa pamtanda ndi omaliza amatchedwa anamgumi opha, omwe mawonekedwe awo ndi kukula kwake ndi pafupifupi poyerekeza ndi mawonekedwe a makolo awo. Chosangalatsa ndichakuti, mosiyana ndi mitundu yambiri ya ma hybridi, ma mestizo otere samakhala osabereka: mwachitsanzo, pakhala pali zochitika zoweta bwino anamgumi opha ali mu ukapolo.
Adani achilengedwe
Adani akulu a dolphin wamatenda achilengedwe mwachilengedwe ndi akambuku, dusky ndi shark-nosed shark. Anangumi aakulu angathenso kuwaukira, koma izi sizimachitika kawirikawiri.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Chiwerengero cha dolphin chotchedwa bottlenose dolphin sichikudziwika, chifukwa mitundu iyi ndi yochulukirapo ndipo ndikosatheka kuwerengera chiwerengerocho. Ndizodziwika kuti ma dolphin amtundu wa botolo ndi mitundu yambiri komanso yofala kwambiri pakati pa ma dolphin onse.
Malinga ndi mtundu wa IUCN, dolphin wokhala ndi botolo ndi imodzi mwazinthu zosafunika kwenikweni. Komabe, kuchepa kwa chiwerengero cha anthu kudapangitsa kuti ma dolphin a Black Sea aphatikizidwe mu Red Book of Russia.
Ma dolphin a Bottlenose amadziwika kuti ndi amodzi mwazinthu zodabwitsa kwambiri m'chilengedwe pazifukwa. Nzeru zawo, luso lawo komanso luso lawo loyankhulana zimawapangitsa kukhala amodzi mwazinthu zamoyo kwambiri padziko lapansi. Ndizodabwitsa kuti dolphin awa samapewa anthu, m'malo mwake, nthawi zambiri amasambira kupita kumtunda ndipo amalumikizana ndi osambira. Anthu akamaona anyani otchedwa bottlenose dolphin akuyenda m'nyanja, amakhala chete. Sizosangalatsa kuti oyendetsa sitima kuyambira nthawi zakale ankawona ma dolphin ngati ofanana ndi angelo omwe amawasamalira, omwe amayenda mosalekeza ndi zombo zawo poyenda, ndipo, ngati kuli kofunikira, amathandiza anthu akumira kuti afike kumtunda, ndipo nthawi zina amawateteza ku nsombazi.
