Echinococcus ali amtundu wa cestode, banja lankhanza. Banja ili likuphatikizapo magulu 9 a nyongolotsi. Mphutsi yomwe imalowa mthupi la wolandirayo imayambitsa chitukuko cha matenda a echinococcosis.
Imakula pang'onopang'ono, motero matendawa amadziwonetsera patatha masiku 50. Asayansi ena amalankhula za echinococcus, kutanthauza chotupa chopangidwa kuchokera ku helminths.
Makhalidwe, kapangidwe ndi malo a echinococcus
Gawo logawa tiziromboti ndilopanda malire modabwitsa. Oimira nyongolotsi amapezeka ku America, Africa, Southern Europe, China, ndi Middle East.
Matendawa amakhudza minda yambiri ya ziweto ku Bulgaria, Greece, Spain, Cyprus, Brazil, Argentina, Australia, India. Ponena za Russia, zigawo zomwe zili ndi matenda ambiri zitha kudziwika: Tatarstan, Bashkortostan, Khabarovsk Territory, Altai Republic.
Munthu amatenga kachilomboka polumikizana ndi chiweto chodwala, kapena pakudya bowa, zipatso, zipatso zomwe zili ndi kachilombo kale. Palibe mtundu womwe ungayambitse matendawa.
Ana nthawi zambiri amapweteketsa agalu osochera, chifukwa chake chiopsezo chotenga echinococcosis chimakula. Chiwindi ndi mapapo ndi komwe nyongolotsi nthawi zambiri "zimakhala". Mlandu unalembedwa pamene echinococcus idapezeka m'thumba la mtima. Kapangidwe ndi kufotokozera kwa biohelminth kumatsimikizika ndikukula kwake.
Yatsani chithunzi payekha echinococcus pansi pa maikulosikopu
Cystode yaying'ono imayimilidwa ndi zigawo 3-4 zolumikizana. Nyongolotsi ndi 2.5-5 mm kutalika, 0.7 mpaka 1 mm mulifupi. Choyimira cha scolex "chimakhala ndi zida zokwanira 40" ndi makapu anayi oyamwa. Magawo awiri oyamba sangathe kubereka, lachitatu ndi la hermaphroditic, ndipo lachinayi ndilokhwima. Ndi chiberekero chodzala ndi mazira.
Chikhalidwe ndi moyo wa echinococcus
Echinococcus ndi nyongolotsi ya parasitic. Imatha kukhazikika pafupifupi m'chiwalo chilichonse cha alendo. Chiwindi, impso, ndulu, ziwalo zam'mimba, impso - izi sizitsanzo za malo omwe nyongolotsi imapezeka.
Echinococcus amayamba kupanga midzi:
- chotupa cha nyumba chimatanthauza chipinda chimodzi chokha chamoyo;
- kudzikundikira limodzi cysts;
- kuphatikiza kukhalako.
Ngati nyongolotsi imakhala pamalo obisalira a wolandirayo, moyo wake ukhoza kukhala wautali ngati wa wolandirayo. Tepi ya tiziromboti imakhala mpaka miyezi itatu, kenako imakhala yokhwima pogonana. Echinococcosis imadziwika ndi chitukuko.
- Matenda a ziwalo zaumunthu ali ndi kachilombo kale, koma palibe zodandaula za thanzi lawo panobe.
- Zizindikiro zoyambilira zimawoneka: kufooka, nseru, chifuwa, kupweteka kwakanthawi pakati pa nthiti.
- Zowawa zimapezeka m'chigawo china. Matendawa nthawi zambiri amatuluka chotupa chotupa.
- Khansa ya m'matumbo yomwe siyankha mankhwala.
Zizindikiro matenda echinococcosis ali ndi mawonetseredwe enieni ndipo amadalira malo, kuchuluka kwa chikhodzodzo, kutalika kwa matendawa. Echinococcosis ya chiwindi imawonetsedwa ndi kuwonjezeka kwadongosolo, pomwe zizindikilozo ndizochepa.
Echinococcosis ndi owopsa pazotsatira zake:
- chibayo;
- kudzikundikira madzimadzi mu peritoneum;
- Matenda a Botkin;
- kusakaniza ziwalo;
- mediastinum, ngati pali echinococcosis ya m'mapapo;
- peritonitis;
- Kukula kwa njira zamatenda mu peritoneum.
Echinococcus tiziromboti zimapezeka pachiwindi, mapapo ndi m'mimba. Nthawi zina zimamenya minofu, mafupa, ziwalo za ziwalo zoberekera, chikhodzodzo, m'mimba. Chikhodzodzo cha echinococcal chitha kuwonongeka ndikuphulika.
Mbeu zimapezeka m'kati mwa ziwalo zamkati. Echinococcus amakhala ndi luso kukula mu zimakhala. Echinococcus chiwindi amayamba kulowa m'mapapu, impso, kusokoneza chifundocho. Kuphwanya umphumphu wa chikhodzodzo ndi koopsa, chifukwa kumayambitsa matupi awo ndikutuluka.
Kuzungulira kwa moyo ndi chitukuko cha echinococcus imakhudza magawo angapo:
- dzira;
- oncosphere;
- mphutsi;
- wamkulu.
Pakati pa moyo wa echinococcus, pali magulu awiri. Tiziromboti sitingakhaleko ndi kuberekana tokha. Wokonza m'modzi amakhala wapakatikati, winayo ndiye womaliza.
Mu thupi la echinococcus woyamba amakhala mu gawo la dzira ndi mphutsi, mu thupi lachiwiri - monga munthu wamkulu. Zimaberekanso kumeneko. Biohelminth amasankha anthu ndi ziweto kukhala zapakatikati. Kwa tiziromboti, kukhazikika m'thupi la munthu ndiye kutha. Mwini wamkulu wa echinococcus ndi galu.
Echinococcus zakudya
Nyongolotsi zilibe dongosolo logaya chakudya. Amayamwa chakudya pamwamba pa thupi. M'mabuku a sayansi, palibe chidziwitso chodalirika cha mtundu wa chakudya chomwe chimakhalapo. Zowonjezera, ndizovuta. Thupi la munthu, echinococcus imayamwa chakudya chodya. Kuphatikiza apo, ili ndi mano achikopa, omwe amawonongera ziwiya za thupi.
Kubereka ndi kutalika kwa moyo
Nyongolotsi yachikulire ya echinococcus imakhala m'matumbo ang'onoang'ono a galu, nkhandwe, nkhandwe. Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timasiya mazira m'matumbo a alendo. Izi zimachitika pogawa gawo kuchokera kwa ana.
Zigawo zimatha kusuntha, zimayenda muudzu ndi nthaka. Kuphulika kwa chikhodzodzo kumathandizira kuti mazira a echinococcus agawidwe kudera lalikulu. Kukula kwake kwa dzira ndi ma micrometer a 35, zomwe zimapangitsa kukhala kosatheka kuzindikira ngati matenda alipo. Echinococcus nyongolotsi anapanga masiku 90.
Finna amatha kuberekanso asexually. Mkati mwa chimphona chachikulu cha Finns, timapangidwa tating'onoting'ono tambiri, momwe mitu yake imapangidwira. Finna wakhala akukula pazaka zambiri.
Pali mulandu pomwe nyongolotsi yomwe idachitika ku Finnish yolemera makilogalamu 50 idakhala pachiwindi cha ng'ombe. Mluza umapangidwa pang'onopang'ono. Finn patatha miyezi isanu akhoza kufika 10mm. Imasiya kukula patatha zaka 25-30.
Kukwanitsa kubereka asexually ndi gawo lapadera la Echinococcus Finns. Mphuno yomwe mazira amasungidwa ndi yolimba kwambiri, imatha kudzazidwa ndi madzi. Mkati mwake, pali m'badwo watsopano, wopangidwa kuchokera pamitu ya mphutsi zamtsogolo za echinococcus.
Chithunzichi chikuwonetsa echinococcus panthawi yogawa
Kuti echinococcus apite kumapeto otsiriza a chitukuko, ayenera kulowa m'thupi la chilombo kapena galu. Mitu ya echinococcal iyenera kukhala yamoyo. Eni ake omwe amadyetsa chiweto chawo ndi nyama yatsopano komanso zopangidwa kuchokera ku nyama zomwe zili ndi kachilombo ali pachiwopsezo chotenga kachilomboka.
Zimachitika pamene matendawa amapezeka galu atadya zotsalira za nyama yakufa kapena ziweto. Echinococcus worm imayamba kukhazikika pakatha miyezi itatu.
Mwamuna wa echinococcus imapereka chosankha wolandira... Kutengera momwe chikhodzodzo chilili, echinococcosis imatha kupitilira popanda zizindikiro zazikulu kwa nthawi yayitali.
Nthawi zina, kukaona dokotala kumachitika zaka zingapo atadwala. Matenda a chiwalo chokhudzidwacho amawonongeka mwachangu ndipo amayika ziwalo zoyandikana. Ngati zomwe zili mu chikhodzodzo zimatsanulidwira m'thupi, izi zikutanthauza zingapo matenda echinococcus.
Chidutswa chilichonse cha mutu kapena thovu limatha kukula kukhala minyewa ndi ziwalo ndikupanga thovu latsopano. Ndi echinococcus wa m'mapapo, munthu akhoza kufa ngati chikhodzodzo chawonongeka kapena chawonongeka. Njira yothandiza kwambiri komanso yogwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri Chithandizo cha echinococcosis - ntchito.
Ku Russia, kuchuluka kwa echinococcosis kumafotokozedwa ndi kuchuluka kwa ng'ombe m'minda, komanso kuweta agalu odyetsa ziweto. Monga mwalamulo, awa ndi minda yayikulu kumadera akumpoto komwe amapangira ziweto.
