Zimbalangondo zotchedwa sloth ndizoyimira mitundu yokhayo yamtundu wawo, ndi zazimbalangondo zapakati. Pali ma subspecies awiri: Continental ndi Ceylon - woyamba ndi wokulirapo kuposa wachiwiri.
Kufotokozera kwa chimbalangondo
Chifukwa cha mawonekedwe ake akunja komanso mawonekedwe, ndizovuta kuzisokoneza ndi mitundu ina.
Maonekedwe
Mbali yapadera ya kanyama kameneka kameneka ndi kachilomboka kakang'ono komanso kam'manja: milomo yake, yomwe ilibe zomera, imatha kupita patsogolo kwambiri moti imatenga chubu kapena mtundu wina wa thunthu. Mphamvu ya thupi ndiyochepa. Kutalika kwa masiponji kumayambira 142 cm mpaka 190 cm, mchira ndi 11 cm ina, kutalika pakufota kumakhala pafupifupi 75 cm; kulemera kwamwamuna 85-190 kg., wamkazi 55-124 kg... Amuna ali pafupifupi theka lachulukidwe kuposa akazi. Maonekedwe a zimbalangondozi amafanana ndi a bere weniweni. Thupi limakhala ndi miyeso yochititsa chidwi, miyendo ndiyokwera kwambiri, zikhomo ndi zazikulu, ndipo kukula kwa zikhadazo ndizokulirapo ndipo kumakhala ndi chikwakwa (miyendo yakumbuyo ndiyotsika kwambiri kutalika kwa zikhadabo kupita kutsogolo).
Shaggy ya oimira awa ndi mbiri pakati pa zimbalangondo: ubweya wautali waukulu umawapangitsa kukhala amfupi pafupifupi pathupi lonse, ndipo m'khosi ndi m'mapewa ndiye motalika kwambiri, makamaka zimbalangondo, zimaperekanso mawonekedwe a mane osokonekera. Mtundu wa malayawo umakhala wonyansa kwambiri - wakuda wonyezimira, koma nthawi zambiri pamakhala zotuwa zaimvi, zofiirira (zofiirira) kapena zofiirira. Msonkhano wokhala ndi anthu abulauni, ofiira (ofiira) kapena ofiira ofiira satulutsidwa. Zimbalangondo zokhala ndi ulesi zimakhala ndi mutu waukulu, koma pamphumi pake ndi mosabisa, mphukira imakulitsidwa kwambiri. Mtundu wa mathero ake nthawi zambiri umakhala wamtundu wosiyanasiyana, umafanana ndi chigoba; chapachifuwa cha mtundu wofanana ndi chilembo V kapena kawirikawiri - Y, komanso U.
Ndizosangalatsa!Makutu aatali kutalika, mafoni, ngati kuti akuyang'ana mbali, ndiye kuti, akutali kutali. Amatha kusuntha mphuno yake mosavuta, palibe poyambira pakati pamalopo, milomo yakumtunda ndiyolimba, ilibe chimbudzi, ndipo palibe poyambira. Mphuno ndi zong'ambika, zimatha kutseka ngati zikufunidwa kotero kuti tinthu tating'onoting'ono ta fumbi ndi tizilombo tisalowe munjira yopumira mukapumira.
Pakamwa palibepo tsitsi, ndipo iwowo ali osunthika kotero kuti amatha kutuluka patsogolo ngati chubu. Lilime ndi lalitali. Amasiyana masiponji ndi dongosolo la mano. Ma incisors apamwamba kulibe, zomwe ndizosiyana ndi oimira dongosolo la nyama zodya nyama. Chifukwa chake, chilengedwe chimathandiza kachilomboka kuti kachitepo kanthu pakamwa pakamatulutsa milomo ndi chiboliboli ngati choyeretsa - mwina kuwomba mpweya mopanikizika, kenako nkuzikoka kuti zigwire tizilombo tomwe timakhala m'midzi, mwachitsanzo, chiswe, ndi mtsinje wa mpweya.
Khalidwe ndi moyo
Kanyamaka kamakonda kwambiri nkhalango zotentha, makamaka zomwe zimayang'anitsitsa miyala. Malo ena omwe mumawakonda ndi zigwa zokhala ndiudzu wamtali. Musakwere pamwamba pa phiri. Moyo wakusiku ndiwofala kwambiri kwa amuna akulu, pomwe masana amagona m'malo athyathyathya otseguka okhala ndi zitsamba zamatabwa komanso m'ming'alu, moyandikira magwero amadzi. Azimayi omwe ali ndi ana komanso nyama zazing'ono amakonda masana, zomwe zimafotokozedwa ndi kuthekera kwakanthawi kowaukira ndi zilombo zazikuluzikulu, zomwe zimagwira ntchito nthawi yamadzulo ndi usiku. Nyengo imakhudza zochitika chaka chonse: nyengo yamvula imachepetsa, munyengo zotsalira, zimbalangondo zimagwira ntchito popanda kubisala.
Ndizosangalatsa!Pazakudya zomwe amakonda, sloth Bear ili pafupi kwambiri ndi zakudya zamtundu wina kuposa oimira ena a chimbalangondo, atazolowera kudya tizilombo tomwe timakhala m'magulu - nyerere ndi chiswe.
Kanyama kameneka kali ndi luso lotha kuyendetsa bwino mitengo, koma sikuti imachita izi kawirikawiri, monga kudya zipatso zake. Mwachitsanzo, pakawopsezedwa ndi chilombo, satembenukira motere, ngakhale sakudziwa kuthamanga msanga. Pokhala wolimba mtima komanso wodalira mphamvu zake, chimbalangondo ichi, chomwe chilibe kukula kwakukulu, chimatha kupambana ngakhale mutamenyana ndi kambuku. Monga zimbalangondo zina, zimbalangondo zazing'onoting'ono zimakhala moyo wosungulumwa, kupatula zimbalangondo zazikazi zomwe zimakhala ndi ana komanso nthawi yokhoza. Nthawi zambiri samachoka komwe amakhala, komwe kuli pafupifupi 10 sq. km., Kupatula mayendedwe amphongo azimvula m'nthawi yamvula.
Ma receptors ake owoneka ndi omvera sanakule kwambiri kuposa olfactory... Chifukwa chake, sizovuta kukhala pafupi ndi chimbalangondo osayika pachiwopsezo chakuwonedwa kapena kumva nawo. Kukumana modzidzimutsa koteroko ndi anthu kumabweretsa mfundo yakuti osati zimbalangondo zokwiya kwambiri, zikafika munthu, zimayamba kudziteteza, zimamupangitsa kumenyedwa ndi zikhadabo, ndipo nthawi zina kufa. Ngakhale nyamazi zimakhala zosawoneka bwino, zimatha kuyenda liwiro lalikulu kuposa la munthu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zigundane naye osakhala abwino komanso owopsa. Khalidwe la chimbalangondo ichi likamakumana ndi adani ake kapena nyama zina zikuluzikulu zomwe zimadya nyama zikufanana ndi zimbalangondo zina: zimanyamuka ndi miyendo yawo yakumbuyo kuti ziwoneke zazitali, zimatulutsa kubangula, kubangula, kukuwa ndi kulira, ndikupangitsa mantha kwa mdani.
Ndi ang'onoting'ono ang'onoang'ono amakhala
Pali zochitika zodziwika bwino za zimbalangondo izi zomwe zimafikira zaka makumi anayi mzikhalidwe za anthu; palibe chidziwitso chenicheni chazaka zazambiri zachilengedwe.
Malo okhala, malo okhala
Zimbalangondo zotchedwa sloth zimapezeka kwambiri ku India, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh, Nepal ndi Bhutan. Mu theka lachiwiri la zaka za zana la 20, mitundu iyi idayamba kuchepa, gawo lokhazikika linayamba kuchepa. Nkhalango za kumadera otentha ndi madera otentha, madera okhala ndi mapiri otsika, madera ouma ndi malo abwino oti azikhalamo. Amapewa okwera kwambiri, komanso madambo onyowa.
Zakudya za chimbalangondo
Sloth ndi nyama ya omnivorous, chakudya chake chimaphatikizapo tizilombo tomwe timakhala ndi mphutsi, nkhono, mazira, zomera, masamba ndi zipatso... Ndipo, zowonadi, wokondedwa. Kuchuluka kwa chakudya chomwe chimadyedwa pamitundu yazinthu zimatengera nyengo. Ntchentche ndizo chakudya chochuluka cha sloth chaka chonse - mpaka 50% ya zonse zomwe zimadya. Kuyambira mwezi wa Marichi mpaka Juni, panthawi yopanga zipatso - amatha kufikira 50% yazakudya zonse; munthawi yonseyi, oimira zimbalangondo izi amadya chakudya chomwe amakonda. M'madera momwe muli anthu ambiri, zimbalangondo zazing'onoting'ono zimalowerera m'minda ya nzimbe ndi chimanga. Sapewa zovunda panthawi yovuta.
Ndizosangalatsa!Zimbalangondo zaulesi zimakwera mitengo kuti zitenge zipatso, maluwa ndi mazira a mbalame, zikugwiritsa ntchito zikhadabo zawo zofananira ndi chikwakwa. Ntchito ina ya machitidwe oterewa ndikusaka tizilombo tomwe timakonda kwambiri: nyerere, chiswe ndi mphutsi zawo.
Ndi chithandizo chawo, nyamazi zimawononga malo okhala ndi chakudya munkhokwe zamitengo yowola ndi milu ya chiswe ndipo, potulutsa milomo yawo ndi lilime ngati chubu, kudzera pabowo lopangidwa m'malo mwa zotumphukira zakumtunda, zimayamba kuwomba fumbi kuchokera komwe amakhala, kenako kuyamwa tizilombo mwachindunji. Potseka timabowo ta m'mphuno, zimbalangondo zimateteza zida zopumira kuti zisawonongeke chifukwa cholowera matupi akunja ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono.
Izi zimatsagana ndi phokoso loterolo lomwe limadziwika kupitilira mita zana kuchokera pomwepo. Njuchi zimagwiritsa ntchito lilime lake lalitali kuwononga zisa za njuchi - kuzidya zokha, mphutsi zawo ndi uchi, kuti zifike kumalo ovuta kufikako. Mwachidziwitso, zimbalangondozi zimatha kugwira ngati nyama zazing'ono kapena zotopa, popeza kukula kwa nyama zakale kumalola izi kukhala bwino.
Kubereka ndi ana
Kukula msinkhu kwa oimira bearish kumatha zaka zitatu kapena zinayi. Mchitidwewu umachitika ku India pafupifupi mu June, komanso ku Sri Lanka - chaka chonse. Awiriwo ndiamodzi okha, amapangidwa mpaka kumapeto kwa moyo, zomwe zimawapangitsa kukhala osiyana ndi mitundu yofananira; chifukwa chake, munyengo yamatenda, mpikisano pakati pa amuna ndizodziwika kawirikawiri. Kukwatana kothamanga kumatsagana ndi phokoso laphokoso. Mkazi amaloledwa miyezi 6-7. 1-2, nthawi zina zipatso zitatu zimatha kubadwira m'malo obisika komanso otetezedwa bwino: atha kukhala ngati phanga, dugout kapena phanga.
Ndizosangalatsa!Pali zambiri zokhudzana ndi kutenga mbali kwa abambo posamalira anawo koyambirira, zomwe sizachilendo kwa zimbalangondo zina ndipo sizinatsimikizidwe ndendende. Sabata lachitatu, anawo amapenya. Pambuyo pa miyezi iwiri, banja la chimbalangondo ndi ana amachoka pogona.
Anawa amakonda kukwera amayi. Ana okulira mosinthana amakhala m'malo abwino kwa amayi awo kapena kupitiriza ulendo wawo limodzi. Ndizofunikira kudziwa kuti zikawopsa, ana amasunthira kumbuyo kwa kholo, ngakhale amakhala panthawiyi paphiri. Nthawi yomweyo, chimbalangondo chimatha kubwerera ndi ana kumbuyo kwake, ndikulimba mtima molimbana ndi adani awo. Achinyamata amasiya amayi awo atakwanitsa zaka pafupifupi 20, ndipo izi zitha kutenga zaka 2-3.
Adani achilengedwe
Chifukwa cha kukula kwa zimbalangondo zazing'ono, sizachilendo kupeza adani awo achilengedwe, akambuku ndi akambuku, m'malo awo. Zomalizazi zimawopseza pang'ono, popeza sizigwira zimbalangondo zazikulu zamphongo, ndipo ngakhale iwonso atha kudwala nazo, atataya nyama yawo. Akazi aang'ono omwe ali ndi ana amphongo kapena achichepere omwe amakhala pachiwopsezo cha kambuku wamkulu amakhala pachiwopsezo chachikulu.
Mmbulu wophunzirira ukhoza kukhala mdani, koma palibe umboni weniweni wa milandu yotere. Chifukwa chake, mdani wamkulu, yemwe akuimira nkhawa zazikulu, amakhalabe nyalugwe, yemwe, mwa njira, samakonda kuyesera makolo achiwerewere.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Sloth sakhala ndi tanthauzo lapadera lazamalonda: ubweya ulibe katundu, nyama siyidyedwa. Ntchitoyi idaperekedwa kwa okhawo omwe amamwa ndulu kuti azitha kuchiritsa. Kupezeka kwa mitunduyi poopsezedwa, popeza kuchuluka kwa anthu sikunapitirire 10 zikwi zapitazo, kukufotokozedwa ndikuti anthu adawononga kachilomboka poopa chitetezo chawo, komanso kuteteza chuma cha njuchi ndi zokolola za bango, tirigu, mbewu za mgwalangwa.
Kugulitsa ndi kuwononga kwakanthawi kwa zimbalangondo za sloth ndizoletsedwa pakadali pano... Komabe, zochita za anthu pakudula nkhalango, kuwononga zisa za chiswe ndi zina zomwe zimachitika mopupuluma zomwe pamapeto pake zimachepetsa kupezeka kwa chakudya ndi malo okhala nyama zimakhala zowopsa pakukhalapo ndi kukula kwa mitunduyi.
