Chimbalangondo chowoneka bwino (Tremarctos ornatus), chomwe chimadziwikanso kuti chimbalangondo cha Andes, ndi nyama yodyera yosowa kwambiri pakadali pano, ya banja la chimbalangondo komanso mtundu wa chimbalangondo cha Spectacled.
Kufotokozera kwa chimbalangondo chowoneka bwino
Chimbalangondo chochititsa chidwi ndiye woimira wamakono yekhayo wa mtundu wa Tremarctos... Ku North America, zamoyo zakale zodziwika bwino zimadziwika - chimbalangondo cha Florida cave (Tremarctos florianus). Zimbalangondo zooneka bwino ndi mbadwa zachilombo chachikulu kwambiri ku America cha Ice Age - chimbalangondo chachikulu chachifupi (Arstodus simus), chomwe kulemera kwake kunali kosangalatsa ndikufikira ma kilogalamu 800-1000.
Maonekedwe
Chimbalangondo chochititsa chidwi ndi nyama yodya nyama yaying'ono. Kutalika kwa thupi la nyama iyi kumasiyanasiyana pakati pa 150-180 cm, ndi mchira kutalika kwa 7 mpaka 10 cm. Kutalika kwakanthawi kanyama kanyama pamapewa ndi masentimita 75-80. Kulemera kwa mkazi wamkulu kumachokera ku 70-72 kg, ndipo mwamuna wokhwima pogonana salinso 130-140 makilogalamu.
Ubweya wa nyamawo ndiwosalala, wakuda wakuda kapena wakuda bulauni. Anthu ena amadziwika ndi kupezeka kwa mithunzi yakuda kwambiri yofiirira mumtundu. Ngakhale kuti oimira zimbalangondo ali ndi nthiti khumi ndi zinayi nthiti, chimbalangondo chozizwitsachi chimadziwika ndi kupezeka kwa mafupa khumi ndi atatu okha a nthiti.
Ndizosangalatsa! Kusiyanitsa kwakukulu pakati pa chimbalangondo chowoneka bwino ndi anthu ena am'banja sikuti ndi "magalasi" ozungulira maso okha, komanso mphuno yayifupi.
Nyama yamphamvu yokhala ndi khosi lalifupi komanso lolimba komanso miyendo yayifupi komanso yolimba, pamodzi ndi mitundu ina ya zimbalangondo, imayenda mozungulira. Mamembala amtunduwu amangokwera kwambiri chifukwa cha miyendo yawo yayikulu yakutsogolo poyerekeza ndi miyendo yakumbuyo. Pafupifupi maso a chimbalangondo chowoneka modabwitsachi, pali mphete zoyera kapena zachikaso, zomwe zimafotokoza dzina la omwe akuyimira mtunduwo. Mphetezi zimalumikizidwa ndi mzere wozungulira womwe uli pakhosi. Kwa anthu ena, mawanga oterewa kulibiretu kapena pang'ono.
Khalidwe ndi moyo
Chimbalangondo chowoneka bwino ndi mitundu yabwino kwambiri yamtundu uliwonse yam'banja. Chilombo chodya nyama chotere sichimalimbana ndi munthu poyamba. Kupatula apo ndi pomwe nyama yoyamwa ikuwopseza moyo wawo kapena ikuyesera kuteteza ana ake. Komabe, palibe amene waphedwa kuyambira pachiwopsezo cha zimbalangondo mpaka pano. Anthu akawonekera, nyamayo imakonda kupuma pantchito, kukwera mtengo wokwanira wokwanira.
Nyama yodya nyama yamtunduwu sigawa gawolo pakati pawo, koma imakonda moyo wotsekedwa. M'madera omwe ali ndi zakudya zamtundu uliwonse, nthawi zambiri mumatha kuwona anthu angapo, mwamtendere akukhalanso nthawi imodzi.
Ndizosangalatsa! Biology ya zimbalangondo zokongola sizinaphunzirenso bwino lero, koma asayansi amakhulupirira kuti nyama yotentha kapena yamadzulo ngati yomwe imabisala nthawi zina imatha kupangira phanga, chikhalidwe cha anthu am'banja.
Kusiyanitsa kwamakhalidwe ndi chimbalangondo chofiirira malinga ndi moyo wake kumaphatikizaponso kupezeka kwathunthu kwa nthawi ya kugona. Kuphatikiza apo, zimbalangondo zokongola sizimadzimangira zokha mapanga. Oimira amtunduwu amakonda kukhala maso usiku, ndipo masana nyama zoterezi zimapuma mwapadera, zisa zokha. Monga lamulo, zimakhala zovuta kupeza chisa chodziwika bwino chotere pakati pa nkhalango zowirira.
Kodi chimbalangondo chowoneka bwino chimakhala nthawi yayitali bwanji?
Kutalika kwazitali kwa moyo wa chimbalangondo chowoneka bwino kuthengo, nthawi zambiri, sikupitilira zaka 20-22.... Nyama zogwidwa zimatha kupulumuka ngakhale kotala zaka zana. Wokhala ku paki ya zoological ku Moscow, chimbalangondo chowoneka bwino chotchedwa Klausina, malinga ndi chidziwitso chovomerezeka, adatha kukhala ndi moyo wazaka makumi atatu olemekezeka.
Zoyipa zakugonana
Kudera kwazithunzi kumawonekera pakusiyana pakati pa akazi ndi abambo, omwe ndi amtundu womwewo. Itha kuwonetsedwa pamitundu yosiyanasiyana yamthupi, kuphatikiza kulemera ndi kukula kwa nyama. Mwachitsanzo, kukula kwa chimbalangondo chachimuna chowoneka bwino chimaposa kukula kwa mkazi wokhwima pogonana wamtunduwu pafupifupi 30-50%. Komanso akazi ndi otsika poyerekeza ndi oimira amuna amuna kapena akazi okhaokha olemera.
Malo okhala, malo okhala
Zimbalangondo zooneka bwino zimapezeka kumadzulo ndi kumwera kwa South America, kuphatikiza kum'mawa kwa Panama, kumadzulo kwa Colombia, Venezuela, Peru ndi Ecuador. Kuphatikiza apo, nyama yonyansayi imapezeka ku Bolivia komanso kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa Argentina.
Lero chimbalangondo chowoneka chonchi ndiye nthumwi yokha ya banja la zimbalangondo zomwe zimakhala ku South America. Nyamayo imakonda nkhalango zamapiri chakumadzulo kwa Andes, pamalo okwera osapitilira mamita zikwi zitatu kupitirira nyanja. Komabe, chilombo choterochi chitha kupezeka m'malo otsetsereka otsetsereka, m'chipululu komanso m'nkhalango.
Zakudya zooneka bwino za chimbalangondo
Zimbalangondo zooneka bwino ndizodyetsa kwambiri pa abale awo onse, kotero nyama imapanga gawo lochepa kwambiri la chakudya chawo cha tsiku ndi tsiku. Kuchuluka kwa zakudya zamasamba kumakhala pafupifupi 95% yazakudya, ndipo kuchuluka kwa nyama sikupitilira magawo asanu. Pofuna kupatsa thupi mapuloteni, nyama zolusa izi zimasaka mitundu yonse ya makoswe ndi akalulu, komanso nswala zazikulu kwambiri, nyamakazi zina ndi mbalame.
M'nthawi yosauka kwambiri, zimbalangondo zowoneka bwino zimatha kuukira ziweto zomwe zikuyenda, koma nthawi zambiri zimakhutira ndi zinyama zosiyanasiyana kuti zizidyetsa. Chifukwa chapadera pakapangidwe ka mphuno ndi lilime lalitali, chinyama choterechi nthawi ndi nthawi chimadyetsa chiswe kapena mitundu yonse ya tizilombo, nyumba yawo ikakumbidwa ndikukhala pafupi kuwonongedwa.
Chakudya choyambira chimakhala chovuta kwambiri ndipo chimayamwa kwa nthawi yayitali ndi thupi la nyama zambiri, ndipo chimbalangondo chochititsa chidwi ndi m'modzi mwa oimira nyama zolusa, ziwalo zamkati zomwe zimatha kugaya chakudya choterocho. Udzu, mphukira ndi zipatso zamtundu uliwonse, mababu a orchid, mtedza wa kanjedza, ndi masamba ndizo maziko azakudya za mtundu uwu wa zimbalangondo.
Ndizosangalatsa! Zimbalangondo zooneka bwino zili ndi nsagwada zolimba modabwitsa, zomwe zimawalola kudya chakudya chomwe nyama zina sizingafikeko, kuphatikizapo khungwa la mtengo ndi mtima wa bromeliad.
Nyama yodya zinyama yokhoza kukwera imatha kukwera kwambiri koma yayikulu kwambiri, yomwe imalola kuti nyamayo ipange zipatso zomwe zikukula pamwamba pomwe. Kuphatikiza apo, zimbalangondo zokongola ndizodziwika bwino chifukwa cha dzino lawo lokoma, omwe samapereka mwayi uliwonse wodya nzimbe kapena uchi wakutchire. M'madera ena, zimbalangondo zokongola zimawononga kwambiri mbewu za chimanga, ndikuwononga mbali yayikulu ya izo.
Kubereka ndi ana
Pawiri, zimbalangondo zooneka bwino zimagwirizana nthawi yokolola, yomwe imayamba kuyambira mu Marichi mpaka Okutobala... Izi zikuwonetsa mwachindunji kuti nyama yonyamayi imatha kuberekanso mosasamala nyengo. Oimira amtunduwu amakwanitsa kutha msinkhu kuyambira chaka chachinayi mpaka chachisanu ndi chiwiri cha moyo.
Mimba ya chimbalangondo chowoneka chachikazi, kuphatikiza nthawi yonse ya latency, imatha pafupifupi miyezi isanu ndi itatu kapena kupitirirapo, pambuyo pake mwana mmodzi kapena atatu amabadwa. Makanda obadwa kumene alibe chochita komanso akhungu, ndipo kulemera kwakubadwa kwa chimbalangondo, monga lamulo, sikupitilira magalamu 320-350. Komabe, anawo amakula mwachangu komanso mwachangu, chifukwa chake, pakatha milungu inayi amayamba kutuluka pang'onopang'ono m'phanga lawo. Maso a ana amatseguka kumapeto kwa mwezi woyamba.
Mpaka pafupifupi miyezi isanu ndi umodzi, anawo amakhala paliponse paliponse pomwe amatsagana ndi amayi awo, omwe akuyesera kuphunzitsa ana awo kudya chakudya choyenera, komanso kupeza chakudya chazomera chofunikira chamoyo chokula. Nthawi zambiri, zimbalangondo zamtunduwu sizisiya mayi mpaka zaka ziwiri, ndipo zitangokhala zolimbitsa, zitapeza luso losaka ndi kupulumuka, zimakhala zosadalira.
Ndizosangalatsa! Dzira la umuna limagawika, pambuyo pake limakhazikika momasuka mkati mwa chiberekero kwa miyezi ingapo, ndipo chifukwa chochedwa kuikidwa, kubadwa kwa anawo kumachitika panthawi yomwe chakudya chimakhala chochuluka.
Ngakhale kuti asayansi ambiri amagawira zimbalangondo zokongola komanso zofiirira ngati nyama zomwe ndizofanana mikhalidwe yambiri, kusinthana kwa njira zamtundu pakati pawo ndizosatheka, chifukwa chake pali kudzipatula kwachilengedwe. Ngakhale kuthekera kokumana pakati pa mitundu ya mitunduyi, ana obadwawo adzakhala osabala kapena osalephera konse.
Adani achilengedwe
Adani akuluakulu a zimbalangondo zooneka bwino za ana ndi akhanda mwachilengedwe ndi zimbalangondo zachimuna zazikulu, komanso nyamazi ndi puma. Komabe, ndi anthu omwe amakhalabe mdani wowopsa kwambiri kwa omwe akuyimira mitundu iyi. Anthu afafaniziratu pafupifupi zimbalangondo zowoneka bwino kwambiri zomwe zidalipo kale.
Tsopano kupha nyama moperewera kwapulumukirabe, ndipo alimi ena amawombera nyama zoyamwitsa kuti achepetse chiopsezo cha ziweto zowononga ziweto. Anthu akumaloko akhala akusakira chimbalangondo chowoneka bwino kuti apeze nyama, mafuta, ubweya ndi bile. Nyama ya chilombo ichi imakonda kwambiri kumpoto kwa Peru, ndipo mafuta amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza nyamakazi ndi rheumatism. Odula ndulu omwe amafunanso amafunidwa kwambiri ndi akatswiri azachipatala aku Asia.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Kugwiritsa ntchito nthaka pakadali pano, kuphatikiza kudula mitengo, kuchotsa nkhuni ndi matabwa, kudula malo m'mapiri ambiri, komanso chitukuko chachitetezo cha zomangamanga, zidapangitsa kuti chimbalangondo chowonongekacho chiwonongeke malo ake okhala pakati pa Venezuela ndi kumpoto kwa Peru.
Ndizosangalatsa!Malinga ndi kuyerekezera, zinali zotheka kutsimikizira kuti masiku ano pakati pa zimbalangondo zowoneka bwino pali pafupifupi anthu 2,2-2,4,000 ophatikizidwa mu Red Book of the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN).
Zifukwa zofunikira kwambiri zakuchepa kwachangu komanso mwachangu kwa zimbalangondo zowoneka bwino zachilengedwe ndikuwonongeka kwa malo okhala, komanso kugawanika kwawo komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha kukula kwaulimi. Nyama yovutayo idalembedwa ngati IUCN ngati mitundu yosavomerezeka, ndipo mamembala amtunduwu amadziwika ndi CITES ngati Zakumapeto I.
