Mphaka waku Burma kapena Burma (mphaka wachingerezi wa ku Burma, Thai Thong Daeng kapena Suphalak) ndi mtundu wa amphaka amfupi, omwe amadziwika ndi kukongola kwawo komanso mawonekedwe awo ofewa. Mphaka uwu suyenera kusokonezedwa ndi mtundu wina wofanana, wa ku Burma.
Awa ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana, ngakhale kufanana kwa dzina ndi mawonekedwe ena.
Mbiri ya mtunduwo
Amphakawa, amachokera ku America, ndipo amachokera ku mphaka m'modzi wotchedwa Wong Mau (Wong Mau). Mu 1930, amalinyero adagula Wong Mau ku Southeast Asia ndikuipereka kwa Dr. Joseph K. Thompson ku San Francisco. Adalongosola motere:
Mphaka waung'ono, wokhala ndi mafupa owonda, thupi lolumikizana kwambiri kuposa mphaka wa Siamese, mchira wawufupi komanso mutu wozungulira wokhala ndi maso otakata. Ndi bulauni wonyezimira komanso wonyezimira.
Akatswiri ena amaganiza kuti Wong Mau ndi mdima wa mphaka wa Siamese, koma Dr. Thompson anali ndi lingaliro lina.
Ankagwira ntchito yankhondo ku US Army ngati dokotala, ndipo amakonda kwambiri Asia. Kenako ndinakumana ndi amphaka amfupi, okhala ndi utoto wakuda. Amphaka awa, otchedwa amphaka "amkuwa", akhala ku Southeast Asia kwazaka mazana ambiri.
Adafotokozedwa ndikuwonetsedwa m'buku ndakatulo ya amphaka, yolembedwa ku Siam pafupifupi 1350. Thompson anachita chidwi ndi kukongola kwa Wong Mau kotero sanazengereze kufunafuna anthu amalingaliro ofanana omwe angafune kuswana amphakawa ndikupanga mtundu wa mtundu.
Adapanga pulogalamu (ndi a Billy Jerst ndi Virginia Cobb ndi Clyde Keeler) kuti atolere ndikugwirizanitsa katundu wa mtunduwo. Mu 1932, Wong Mau adalumikizidwa ndi Tai Mau, mphaka wa Siamese wamtundu wa sial. Zotsatira zake zinali zodabwitsa, chifukwa panali timagulu ta tiana ta utoto m'zinyalala.
Ndipo izi zidatanthawuza kuti Wong Mau ndi theka la Siamese, theka la Chibama, popeza kuti jini lomwe limayambitsa mtunduwo ndi lochulukirapo, ndipo zimatengera makolo awiri kuti adziwonetse.
Amuna obadwa kuchokera ku Wong Mau adawoloka wina ndi mnzake, kapena ndi amayi awo. Pambuyo pa mibadwo iwiri, Thompson adazindikira mitundu itatu yayikulu ndi mitundu: umodzi wofanana ndi Wong Mau (chokoleti wokhala ndi mdima wakuda), wachiwiri kwa Tai Mau (Siableese sable), ndi yunifolomu yofiirira. Anaganiza kuti ndi mtundu wansangala womwe unali wokongola komanso wokongola kwambiri, ndipo ndi amene amafunika kukulitsidwa.
Popeza pali katchi m'modzi yekha wamtunduwu ku USA, dziwe linali laling'ono kwambiri. Amphaka atatu abulauni adabweretsedwa mu 1941, omwe adakulitsa dziwe, komabe amphaka onse anali mbadwa za Wong Mau. Kuonjezera kuchuluka kwa majini ndi kuchuluka kwa amphaka, adapitilizabe kuwoloka ndi Siamese m'ma 1930-1940.
Pamene mtunduwo udadziwitsidwa pawonetsero, adakhala hit. Mu 1936, Cat Fanciers 'Association (CFA) idalembetsa mwalamulo mtunduwo. Chifukwa chodumphadumpha ndi mphaka wa Siamese (kuwonjezera anthu), mawonekedwe amtunduwo adatayika ndipo gululi lidachotsa kulembetsa mu 1947.
Pambuyo pake, akazitape aku America adayamba kugwira ntchito yotsitsimutsa mtunduwo ndipo adachita bwino kwambiri. Chifukwa chake mu 1954 kulembetsa kunayambitsidwanso. Mu 1958, United Burmese Cat Fanciers (UBCF) idakhazikitsa muyeso woweruza, womwe sunasinthe mpaka lero.
Mu Marichi 1955, mphalapala woyamba adabadwa ku England. Izi zisanachitike, ana amphaka adabadwa kale, koma ma katoni amafuna kuti amphaka azikhala ndi utoto wokha basi.
Tsopano akukhulupirira kuti Wong Mau adanyamulanso majini omwe adabweretsa chokoleti, mitundu yabuluu ndi platinamu, ndipo kufiyira kudawonjezeredwa pambuyo pake, kale ku Europe. TICA idalembetsa mtunduwo mu June 1979.
Kwa zaka zambiri, mtunduwu wasintha chifukwa cha kusankha komanso kusankha. Pafupifupi zaka 30 zapitazo, mitundu iwiri ya amphaka idawoneka: European Burmese ndi American.
Pali mitundu iwiri ya mitundu: European and American. British Burmese (wakale), wosadziwika ndi American CFA kuyambira 1980. Britain GCCF ikana kulembetsa amphaka ochokera ku America, pachifukwa choti ndikofunikira kuteteza mtunduwo.
Izi zikufanana ndi ndale zazikulu kuposa momwe zinthu ziliri, makamaka popeza mabungwe ena sazindikira magawano oterewa ndikulembetsa amphaka kwa amphaka onse.
Kufotokozera
Monga tafotokozera pamwambapa, pali miyezo iwiri, yomwe imasiyana kwambiri pamutu ndi kapangidwe ka thupi. European Burmese, kapena chikhalidwe, ndi mphaka wokongola kwambiri, wokhala ndi thupi lalitali, mutu woboola pakati, makutu akulu osongoka, ndi maso owoneka ngati amondi. Miphika ndi yayitali, yokhala ndi ziyangoyango zazing'ono, zowulungika. Mchira umafika kumapeto.
American Boer, kapena amakono, amawoneka okhwima kwambiri, okhala ndi mutu wakutsogolo, maso ozungulira komanso mkamwa mwaufupi komanso wokulirapo. Makutu ake ndi otakataka kumunsi. Ziphuphu ndi mchira ndizofanana ndi thupi, zazitali kutalika, zikhomo ndizazungulira.
Mulimonsemo, amphaka amtundu uwu ndi nyama zazing'ono kapena zazing'ono.
Amphaka okhwima ogonana amalemera 4-5.5 kg, ndipo amphaka amalemera 2.5-3.5 kg. Komanso, ndi olemera kuposa momwe amawonekera, sikuti pachabe amatchedwa "njerwa zokutidwa ndi silika."
Amakhala pafupifupi zaka 16-18.
Chovala chachifupi, chowala ndichikhalidwe cha mtunduwo. Ndi wandiweyani komanso woyandikira thupi. Chibama chimatha kukhala cha mitundu yosiyanasiyana, koma mimba yonse imakhala yopepuka kuposa kumbuyo, ndikusintha pakati pamithunzi kumakhala kosalala.
Alibe chigoba chowoneka ngati amphaka a Siamese. Chovalacho chiyeneranso kukhala chopanda mikwingwirima kapena mawanga, ngakhale tsitsi loyera ndilovomerezeka. Chovalacho chimakhala chopepuka pamizu, komanso chakuda kumapeto kwa tsitsi, ndikusintha kosalala.
Ndizosatheka kuweruza mtundu wa mphaka usanakhwime. Popita nthawi, utoto umatha kusintha ndipo pamapeto pake umawonekera pokhapokha ikakhwima.
Mtunduwo wagawika malinga ndi miyezo:
- Sable (Ng'ombe zaku England kapena zofiirira ku England) kapena zofiirira ndiye mtundu wakale wa mtunduwo. Ndi mtundu wonenepa, wofunda womwe wakuda pang'ono pamapayipi, komanso ndi mphuno yakuda. Chovala chokhwima ndi chowala kwambiri, ndi mtundu wosalala komanso wolemera.
- Mtundu wabuluu (Chingerezi buluu) ndi lofewa, silvery imvi kapena mtundu wabuluu, wokhala ndi mawonekedwe apadera a silvery. Tiyeneranso kuvomereza utoto wabuluu ndi kusiyanasiyana kwake. Mapadi a paw ndi otuwa pinki ndipo mphuno ndi yakuda imvi.
- Mtundu wa chokoleti (m'magulu aku Europe ndi champagne) - mtundu wa chokoleti cha mkaka wofunda, wopepuka. Itha kukhala ndi mithunzi ndi kusiyanasiyana kwakukulu, koma yakhala ikutchuka m'zaka zaposachedwa. Chigoba pankhope ndi chochepa, ndipo chitha kukhala mtundu wa khofi wokhala ndi mkaka kapena wakuda. Koma, chifukwa chimatchulidwa kwambiri pamtundu wa chokoleti, milozo imawoneka yosangalatsa kwambiri.
- Mtundu wa Platinamu (English platinum, European lilac liliac) - pulatinamu wotumbululuka, wonyezimira. Zipatso ndi mphuno ndizotuwa.
Pamwambapa pali mitundu yakale ya amphaka achi Burma. Komanso tsopano muwonekere: fawn, caramel, kirimu, tortoiseshell ndi ena. Onse amakula m'maiko osiyanasiyana, kuyambira Britain mpaka New Zealand ndipo amadziwika ndi mabungwe osiyanasiyana.
Khalidwe
Mphaka wochezeka, amakonda kukhala pagulu la anthu, kusewera komanso kucheza nawo. Amakonda kulumikizana kwakuthupi, kuti akhale pafupi ndi eni ake.
Izi zikutanthauza kuti amamutsatira kuchipinda ndi chipinda, monga kugona pabedi pansi pa zokutira, akumafungatira pafupi momwe angathere. Ngati akusewera, onetsetsani kuti mukuyang'ana mwiniwake, ngati akutsatira nthabwala zawo zoseketsa.
Chikondi sichichokera pa kudzipereka chabe. Amphaka aku Burma ndi anzeru komanso ali ndi chikhalidwe champhamvu, kotero amatha kuwonetsa. Nthawi zina zinthu zimasanduka nkhondo ya otchulidwa, pakati pa mwini ndi mphaka. Mumamuuza nthawi makumi awiri kuti asiye chovala, koma ayesa makumi awiri ndi chimodzi.
Adzachita bwino akamvetsetsa malamulo amachitidwe. Zowona, nthawi zina zimakhala zovuta kunena kuti ndani akumulera, makamaka akafuna kusewera kapena kudya.
Amphaka onse ndi amphaka ndi achikondi komanso oweta, koma pali kusiyana kosangalatsa pakati pawo. Amphaka nthawi zambiri samakonda aliyense m'banja, ndipo amphaka, m'malo mwake, amamangiriridwa kwa munthu m'modzi kuposa ena.
Mphaka adzachita ngati mnzanu wapamtima, ndipo mphaka amatha kusintha momwe mungasinthire. Izi zimawonekera makamaka mukasunga onse mphaka ndi mphaka mnyumba.
Amakonda kukhala m'manja mwawo. Amatha kupukuta kumapazi anu kapena akufuna kudumpha m'manja kapena paphewa. Chifukwa chake ndibwino kuchenjeza alendo, chifukwa amatha kulumphira paphewa pansi.
Ogwira ntchito komanso ochezeka, ali oyenera mabanja omwe ali ndi ana kapena agalu ochezeka. Amagwirizana bwino ndi nyama zina, ndipo ali ndi ana amalekerera komanso amakhala odekha, ngati sawavutitsa kwambiri.
Kusamalira ndi kukonza
Ndiwodzichepetsa ndipo safuna chisamaliro chapadera kapena kukonza. Kuti musamalire chovalacho, muyenera kuchisita ndipo nthawi ndi nthawi muzichotse bwinobwino kuti muchotse tsitsi lakufa. Mutha kuzipukutira pang'ono nthawi yayitali kumapeto kwa masika, paka amphaka akukhetsa.
Chofunikira pakukonzanso ndikudyetsa: muyenera chakudya chapamwamba kwambiri. Kudyetsa zakudya zotere kumathandiza kuti mphaka azikhala ndi thupi lolimba, koma lowonda, ndipo chovalacho ndichabwino, chonyezimira.
Ndipo kuti musasinthe mphaka kukhala phokoso (atha kukana chakudya china), muyenera kuyidyetsa m'njira zosiyanasiyana, osakulolani kuti muzolowere mtundu uliwonse.
Ngati amphaka angadyetsedwe malinga ngati angathe kudya, ndiye kuti amphaka akuluakulu sayenera kudyetsedwa, chifukwa amalemera. Kumbukirani kuti iyi ndi mphaka wolemetsa koma wokongola. Ndipo ngati mungamukhutiritse zofuna zake, ndiye kuti idzasanduka mbiya yamiyendo yayifupi.
Ngati simunasunge mphaka waku Burma kale, muyenera kudziwa kuti adzakana mpaka kumapeto zomwe samafuna kuchita kapena zomwe sakonda. Izi nthawi zambiri zimakhala zosasangalatsa kwa iwo, monga kusamba kapena kupita kwa owona zanyama. Ngati azindikira kuti zinthu sizikhala zosangalatsa, ndiye kuti zidendene zokha ndizomwe ziziwala. Chifukwa chake zinthu monga kudula makola zimaphunzitsidwa bwino kuyambira ali mwana.
Amakondanso kunyumba ndi mabanja awo, chifukwa chake kusamukira kunyumba kumakhala kopweteka komanso kuzolowera. Nthawi zambiri pamakhala milungu iwiri kapena itatu, pambuyo pake imatha kukhala bwino ndipo imamva bwino.
Monga tanenera kale, ndi ochezeka, ndipo amadziphatika kwa munthuyo. Kuphatikana koteroko kumakhalanso ndi zovuta, sizimalola kusungulumwa. Ngati amakhala okha nthawi zonse, amatha kukhumudwa ndipo amatha kulankhulana.
Chifukwa chake kwa mabanja omwe palibe munthu kunyumba kwa nthawi yayitali, ndibwino kukhala ndi amphaka angapo. Sikuti izi ndizosangalatsa zokha, komanso sizidzaloleza kuti aliyense asokonezeke.
Kusankha mphaka
Mukamasankhira mwana wamphongo nokha, kumbukirani kuti Chibama chimakula pang'onopang'ono ndipo tiana ta ziweto timaoneka tocheperako kuposa tiana ta mitundu ina yazaka zomwezo. Amatengedwa pakatha miyezi 3-4, chifukwa ngati sanakwanitse miyezi itatu, ndiye kuti sanakonzekere kusiya amayi awo mwakuthupi kapena mwamaganizidwe.
Musachite mantha mukawona kutuluka m'maso mwawo. Popeza a ku Burma ali ndi maso akulu otupa, pakuthwanima iwo amatulutsa madzi omwe amawatsuka. Kutulutsa kowonekera komanso kosakwanira sikungafanane.
Nthawi zina zimauma pakona la diso ndipo palokha sizowopsa, koma ndibwino kuti muwachotse mosamala.
Zoyang'ana zazing'ono, zowonekera ndizovomerezeka, koma zoyera kapena zachikasu zitha kukhala vuto lomwe muyenera kuyang'ana.
Ngati sizikuchepa, ndiye kuti ndi bwino kuwonetsa nyamayo kwa veterinarian.
Tsatanetsatane wina posankha mwana wamphaka ndikuti amakhala amtundu wonse atakula, pafupifupi chaka chimodzi.
Mwachitsanzo, sable Burmese mpaka chaka akhoza kukhala beige. Amatha kukhala ofiira kapena ofiira, koma zimatenga nthawi kuti zitsegulidwe. Chifukwa chake ngati mukufuna mphaka wowonetsa, ndibwino kutenga nyama yayikulu.
Komanso, ma katoni ambiri amagulitsa amphaka awo m'kalasi yowonetsera. Ndi nyama zokongola, nthawi zambiri sizotsika mtengo kwambiri kuposa amphaka, komabe amakhala ndi moyo wautali patsogolo pawo.
Amakhala motalika, mpaka zaka 20 ndipo nthawi yomweyo amawoneka bwino pamsinkhu uliwonse. Nthawi zina zimakhala zosatheka kulingalira kuti ali ndi zaka zingati, zisanu kapena khumi ndi ziwiri, ali okongola kwambiri.
Kawirikawiri amphaka osakwatiwa amakhala zaka 18 osakhala ndi vuto lililonse, amakhala ndi thanzi labwino ndipo m'miyezi yaposachedwa gawo lolimbitsa thupi limachepa.
Achi Burmese akale ndi okongola kwambiri, amafunikira kukondedwa ndi chisamaliro kuchokera kwa ambuye awo, omwe awakomera ndi kuwakonda kwazaka zambiri.
Zaumoyo
Malinga ndi kafukufuku, mawonekedwe a chigaza asintha mu mphaka wamakono waku Burma, zomwe zimabweretsa mavuto ndikupuma ndi malovu. Anthu ochita masewera olimbitsa thupi amati mitundu yazikhalidwe komanso zaku Europe sizichepera pamavuto awa, popeza mawonekedwe awo amutu sakhala owopsa.
Posachedwa, Feline Genetics Research Laboratory, yomwe idakhazikitsidwa ku UC Davis School of Veterinary Medicine, idapeza kusintha kosinthika kwamitundu komwe kumayambitsa kusintha kwa mafupa a chigaza m'mphaka wa ku Burma waku America.
Kusintha kumeneku kumakhudza jini yomwe imayambitsa mafupa a chigaza. Cholowa cha mtundu umodzi wa jini sichimabweretsa kusintha, ndipo jini imapatsidwa kwa ana. Koma zikachitika mwa makolo onse awiri, zimakhala ndi zosasintha.
Kittens obadwira mu zinyalala izi amakhudzidwa ndi 25%, ndipo 50% mwa iwo ndi omwe amanyamula jini. Tsopano ku UC Davis Veterinary Genetics Laboratory, mayeso a DNA apangidwa kuti azindikire omwe anyamula jini pakati pa amphaka ndikuwachotsa pang'onopang'ono pakati pa amereka.
Kuphatikiza apo, mitundu ina imadwala matenda ena amtundu wotchedwa gm2 gangliosidosis. Ndi matenda obadwa nawo omwe amayambitsa zolakwika zamadzimadzi, zomwe zimayambitsa kunjenjemera kwa minofu, kuwonongeka kwa magalimoto, kusowa kolumikizana komanso kufa.
GM2 gangliosidosis imayambitsidwa ndi mtundu wama autosomal owonjezera, ndikukula kwa matendawa, jini iyi iyenera kupezeka mwa makolo awiri. Matendawa ndi osachiritsika ndipo amatsogolera kuimfa kwa mphaka.
