Akambuku a Sumatran (Latin Panthae tigris sumаtrae) ndi tinthu tating'ono ta akambuku ndipo ndi nyama zopezeka kuzilumba za Sumatra zokha. Mitundu yomwe ili pachiwopsezo ili m'gulu la Zinyama, dongosolo la Carnivores, banja la Felidae ndi mtundu wa Panther.
Kufotokozera kwa Sumatran Tiger
Akambuku a Sumatran ndi aang'ono kwambiri m'gulu la akambuku amoyo, motero kukula kwa munthu wamkulu kumakhala kocheperako kuposa kukula kwa nthumwi zina zonse za akambuku aku India (Bengal) ndi Amur.
Akambuku amtundu wa Sumatran amadziwika ndi zinthu zina zomwe zimasiyanitsa nyama yoyamwitsa iyi kuchokera kuzinthu zazing'ono zaku India, komanso dera la Amur ndi madera ena. Mwazina, Panthea tigris sumatrae ndi nyama zolusa kwambiri, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimafotokozedwa ndikuchepetsa kwakanthawi kwachilengedwe komanso kuwonjezeka kwamikangano yomwe ikubwera pakati pa anthu ndi chilombo.
Maonekedwe, kukula kwake
Kusiyanitsa kwakukulu pakati pa akambuku ang'onoang'ono kwambiri omwe amadziwika masiku ano ndi zizolowezi zawo zapadera, machitidwe awo, komanso mawonekedwe achilendo. Ma subspecies wamba a kambuku wa Sumatran amadziwika ndi mtundu wosiyana pang'ono ndi mtundu wamakonzedwe amikwingwirima yakuda mthupi, komanso mawonekedwe ena, mawonekedwe am'magazi.
Nyamayi imasiyanitsidwa ndi miyendo yolimba komanso yotukuka, yamphamvu... Miyendo yakumbuyo imadziwika ndi kutalika kwakukulu, komwe kumathandizira kukulira kulumpha. Miyendo yakutsogolo ili ndi zala zisanu, ndipo yakumbuyo ili ndi zala zinayi. Pali zotupa zapadera m'malo omwe ali pakati pa zala. Zala zonse ndizosiyana ndi kupezeka kwa zikhadabo zakuthwa, zotembenuka, zomwe kutalika kwake kumatha kusiyanasiyana mkati mwa masentimita 8-10.
Amuna amadziwika ndi kupezeka kwaphulusa kwanthawi yayitali komwe kumapezeka pakhosi, pakhosi ndi masaya, zomwe zimakhala zotetezedwa kwathunthu pakamwa pa nyama yolusa ku zotsatira za nthambi ndi nthambi, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimakumana ndi kambuku wa Sumatran akamadutsa m'nkhalango zamtchire. Mchira ndi wautali, wogwiritsidwa ntchito ndi chilombocho ngati chilinganizo pakusintha kwadzidzidzi poyenda komanso pokambirana ndi achikulire ena.
Wogonana wogonana ali ndi mano makumi atatu, omwe kukula kwake, pafupifupi, ndi pafupifupi masentimita 7.5-9.0.Maso a nthumwi ya subspecies iyi ndi yayikulu kukula, ndi mwana wozungulira. Iris ndichikasu, koma zitsanzo za ma albino zimakhala ndi mtundu wabuluu. Nyamayo imakhala ndi masomphenya amitundu. Lilime la nyama limakutidwa ndi ma tubercles angapo akuthwa, omwe amathandiza nyamayo kuchotsa khungu pakanyama, komanso kuchotsa ulusi wanyama m'mafupa a omwe wagwidwawo.
Ndizosangalatsa! Kutalika kwakanthawi kodya nyama yayikulu komwe kumafota nthawi zambiri kumafikira masentimita 60, ndipo kutalika kwake kwa thupi kumatha kukhala 1.8-2.7 m, ndikutalika kwa 90-120 cm ndi mchira wa 70 mpaka 130 kg.
Mtundu waukulu wa nyama ndi wa lalanje kapena wofiirira wofiirira wokhala ndi mikwingwirima yakuda. Kusiyanitsa kwakukulu kuchokera ku kambuku wa Amur ndi ma subspecies ena ndikutulutsa kodziwika pamatumba. Mikwingwirima m'dera lino ndi yokwanira, yokhala ndi mawonekedwe oyandikana wina ndi mnzake, chifukwa nthawi zambiri amaphatikizana. Malangizo a makutu ali ndi malo oyera, omwe, malinga ndi asayansi, amadziwika kuti "maso abodza".
Khalidwe ndi moyo
Akambuku ndi aukali ndithu... M'nyengo yotentha, nyama zolusa zimagwira ntchito makamaka usiku kapena nthawi yamadzulo, komanso nthawi yozizira - masana. Monga mwalamulo, kambuku amayamba kununkhira nyama yake, pambuyo pake amazemba mosamala, ndikusiya pogona ndi kuthamanga, nthawi zina kufunafuna nyamayo.
Njira ina yosakirira kambuku wa Sumatran ndiyo kubisalira nyama. Poterepa, chilombocho chimagwirira nyama kumbuyo kapena kuchokera mbali. Poyamba, nyalugwe amaluma nyamayo pakhosi ndikuthyola msana, ndipo njira yachiwiri imaphatikizapo kukola wovulalayo. Nthawi zambiri, akambuku amayendetsa ma ungulates m'madzi, pomwe chilombocho chimakhala ndi mwayi wosatsutsika, posambira bwino kwambiri.
Nyamayo imakokedwa ndi kupita nayo kumalo otetezeka, obisika, kenako imadyedwa. Malinga ndi zomwe awona, wamkulu amatha kudya pafupifupi kilogalamu khumi ndi zisanu ndi zitatu za nyama pachakudya chimodzi, chomwe chimalola kuti nyamayo isafe ndi masiku angapo. Akambuku a Sumatran amakonda kwambiri zachilengedwe zam'madzi, chifukwa chake amasambira m'madamu achilengedwe mosangalala kwambiri kapena amangogona m'madzi ozizira masiku otentha. Kuyankhulana kwa akambuku kumachitika pokupaka mkamwa mwa achibale awo.
Akambuku a Sumatran amatsogolera, monga moyo wawo wokha, ndipo kusiyanitsa lamuloli ndi akazi omwe amalera ana awo. Kukula kwa gawo limodzi la nyama ndi pafupifupi 26-78 km2, koma imatha kusiyanasiyana kutengera kuchuluka kwazinthu zomwe zimatulutsidwa.
Ndizosangalatsa! Malinga ndi zomwe awona zaka zambiri, kambuku wamphongo wa Sumatran sangalekerere kupezeka kwamwamuna wina mdera lake, koma mwamtendere amalola achikulire kuwoloka.
Madera a akambuku amphongo a Sumatran nthawi zina amakhala ndi zigawo zazimayi zazikazi zingapo. Akambuku amayesa kulemba malire a gawo lawo mothandizidwa ndi mkodzo ndi ndowe, komanso amapanga zotchedwa "zokanda" pamakungwa amitengo. Amuna achichepere amafufuza okhaokha gawo lawo, kapena yesetsani kupeza tsamba kuchokera kwa amuna achikulire okhwima ogonana.
Kodi kambuku wa Sumatran amakhala nthawi yayitali bwanji?
Akambuku achi China ndi Sumatran, mwachilengedwe a subspecies, nthawi zambiri amakhala pafupifupi zaka fifitini mpaka khumi ndi zisanu ndi zitatu. Chifukwa chake, nthawi yonse yamoyo wa nyama yoyamwitsa yotereyi, mosasamala kanthu za ma subspecies ake, ndiyomweyi chimodzimodzi, kupatula kusiyana pang'ono. Ali mu ukapolo, nthawi yayitali ya kambuku wa Sumatran imatha zaka makumi awiri
Malo okhala, malo okhala
Malo okhala chilombo ndi chisumbu cha Indonesia ku Sumatra. Dera laling'ono pamtunduwu, komanso kuchuluka kwa anthu, ndizomwe zingapangitse kuthekera kwa subspecies izi, ndikuwonjezeranso, kuti zitheke pang'ono pang'ono, koma zowoneka. M'zaka zaposachedwa, nyamayi yodya nyama yakukakamizika imakakamizika kubwerera mkatikati mwa chilumbacho, komwe sikuti imangogwiritsa ntchito nyama zakutchire zokha, komanso kuwononga mphamvu zochulukirapo pakufunafuna nyama.
Malo okhala akambuku a Sumatran ndiosiyanasiyana ndipo amatha kuyimiriridwa ndi mitsinje yamadzi, malo okhala ndi nkhalango zowirira, chinyezi ndi mangroves. Komabe, nyama yoweta nyama imakonda madera okhala ndi zomera zambiri, komwe kumakhala malo okhala ndi magwero a madzi, okhala ndi malo otsetsereka komanso chakudya chokwanira, patali kwambiri kuchokera kumadera opangidwa ndi anthu.
Zakudya za kambuku wa Sumatran
Akambuku ali m'gulu la nyama zodya nyama zambiri zomwe zimakonda kusaka nyama zapakatikati, kuphatikizapo nkhumba zakutchire, muntjacs, ng'ona, orangutan, mbira, akalulu, masamari achimwenye komanso achimuna, komanso kanchili, omwe kulemera kwake kumasiyanasiyana pakati pa 25-900 kg. Nyama yayikulu kwambiri imadyedwa ndi wamkulu pasanathe masiku angapo.
Mukasungidwa mu ukapolo, chakudya choyenera cha akambuku aku Sumatran chitha kuyimilidwa ndi nsomba, nyama, ndi nkhuku zosiyanasiyana ndikuwonjezera mavitamini apadera ndi magawo amchere. Zakudya zonse za kambuku wotereyu ndi gawo limodzi la moyo wake wautali komanso kuteteza thanzi.
Kubereka ndi ana
Nthawi yachikazi ya estrus siyidutsa masiku asanu kapena asanu ndi limodzi. Amuna amakopa akazi okhwima mwakugonana kudzera mu kununkhira kwa nyama yoluma, kuyimba zikwangwani, komanso masewera amadzulo. Kulimbana kwa akazi pakati pa amuna kumatchulidwanso, pomwe nyama zolusa zimakhala ndi malaya okwezedwa kwambiri, zimabangula mokweza, zimayimirira ndi miyendo yawo yakumbuyo ndikumenyananso ndi zikwapu zogwirika ndi miyendo yawo yakutsogolo.
Mabanja omwe akhazikitsidwa amasaka ndikukhala nthawi yayitali limodzi, mpaka mkazi atakhala ndi pakati... Kusiyanitsa kwakukulu pakati pa kambuku wa Sumatran ndi oimira ena ambiri amtundu wa abambo ndi kuthekera kwamwamuna kukhalabe ndi wamkazi mpaka nthawi yobadwa yokha, komanso kuthandizira kwake kudyetsa ana ake. Anawo akangotha kukula, wamwamuna amasiya "banja" lake ndipo amatha kubwerera kokha pamene mkazi wawonekera ku estrus yotsatira.
Nthawi yobereketsa ya nyalugwe ya Sumatran imadziwika chaka chonse, koma akazi amatha msinkhu akafika zaka zitatu kapena zinayi, ndipo amuna amakhala okhwima kwathunthu, monga lamulo, zaka zisanu. Mimba imakhala pafupifupi miyezi yosakwana inayi.
Ndizosangalatsa! Achichepere amayesetsa kuti asasiye amayi awo mpaka atayamba kusaka okha, ndipo nthawi yoti ayamwe kuyamwa kwathunthu kwa ana anyalugwe kuchokera kwa akazi imagwera chaka chimodzi ndi theka.
Mkazi amabereka nthawi zambiri osapitirira ana awiri kapena atatu akhungu, ndipo kulemera kwake kumasiyana pakati pa 900-1300 g. Maso a anawo amatsegulidwa pafupifupi patsiku lakhumi. Kwa miyezi iwiri yoyambayo, tiana timadyetsa mkaka wa amayi wokha wathanzi, kenako wamkazi amayamba kudyetsa anawo ndi chakudya chotafuna. Ana amphongo a miyezi iwiri amayamba kutuluka pakhosi pang’onopang’ono.
Adani achilengedwe
Ngakhale kukula kwakukulu, nyama zazikuluzikulu zokhazokha zitha kuwerengedwa pakati pa adani achilengedwe a kambuku wa Sumatran, komanso munthu yemwe amasokoneza chiwerengero chonse cha oimira banja la Feline komanso mtundu wa Panther m'chilengedwe.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Kwa nthawi yayitali, ti subspecies akambuku a Sumatran anali pafupi kutha kwathunthu, ndipo amayenera kuphatikizidwa mgulu la "Taxa wovuta" komanso Red List of Endangered Species. Mtundu wa nyalugwe wotere ku Sumatra ukucheperachepera, zomwe zikuchitika chifukwa chakukula kwakukulu kwa zochitika zosiyanasiyana zachuma za anthu.
Pakadali pano, kuchuluka kwa akambuku a Sumatran, malinga ndi kuyerekezera kosiyanasiyana, kumaphatikizapo anthu pafupifupi 300-500... Kumapeto kwa chilimwe cha 2011, akuluakulu aku Indonesia adalengeza kuti akhazikitsa malo osungirako akambuku a Sumatran. Pachifukwa ichi, gawo la chilumba cha Bethet pafupi ndi gombe lakumwera kwa Sumatra lidapatsidwa.
Ndizosangalatsa! Zinthu zomwe zimawopseza kwambiri mitunduyi ndi monga kuwononga nyama mopanda chilolezo, kuwonongeka kwa malo okhala chifukwa chodula mitengo yamkati mwamafuta ndi mapepala, komanso kukulitsa minda yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito yolima mgwalangwa wa mafuta.
Kugawika kwa malo okhala ndi malo okhala, komanso mikangano ndi anthu, kumabweretsa mavuto. Akambuku a Sumatran amaberekanso mokwanira ukapolo, chifukwa chake amasungidwa m'mapaki ambiri azachilengedwe padziko lonse lapansi.
