Zikhola zonse za kalulu zimapangidwa molingana ndi mfundo zingapo, koma pali kusiyana kwakukulu komwe kumadziwikanso, komwe kuyenera kuganiziridwa pakukwaniritsa kokhako kotereku.
Ziyenera kukhala zotani
Zofunikira kwambiri pakumanga khola la kalulu ndi izi:
- kusowa kwathunthu kwa ma drafts;
- mpweya wabwino wokwanira komanso wokwanira;
- mulingo woyenera kukula kwake kutengera msinkhu wa nyama ndi kuchuluka kwake;
- kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zopanda vuto komanso zolimba;
- kusowa kwa zinthu zakuthwa kapena zoopsa zilizonse mumapangidwe;
- Kusakhala ndi zovuta zakuthambo m'deralo;
- chomasuka yokonza ndi ntchito;
- ukhondo pazipita;
- mtengo wotsika mtengo wa zopangira ndi mawonekedwe omalizidwa kwathunthu.
Ndizosangalatsa! Kapangidwe kakang'ono ka khola la kalulu kamapereka zisonyezo zazikulu zogwirira ntchito za ziweto pakuchepetsa kufooka ndi chitetezo chachikulu cha ziweto.
Kuyika zitheke mchipinda kumaganizira kuti mpweya ndi waukhondo ndipo mulibe chinyezi chopitilira muyeso kapena kutentha kwambiri, komanso kuwala kwamphamvu.
Khola ndi aviary la nyama zazing'ono
Khola lanyumba yosungira ziweto zazing'ono nthawi zambiri limapangidwira anthu 8-20, omwe zaka zawo zimasiyanasiyana miyezi itatu mpaka miyezi isanu ndi umodzi. Mukamapanga khola lotere, ndikofunikira kutsatira gawo loyenera la 0.25-0.3 m2 la munthu aliyense... Nthawi yomweyo, kutalika kwa makoma sikungakhale ochepera masentimita 35-40. Malo oyendamo amakonzedwa m'mbali mwa khoma lakumbuyo, komanso amasiyanitsidwa ndi khola pogwiritsa ntchito gawo logawika.
Osayenera kwa akalulu okhwima
Malo okhala akazi okhwima ogonana amagawika magawo awiri: mwana wamwamuna ndi wamakani. Poterepa, magawowa nthawi zambiri amaimiridwa ndi plywood yokhala ndi phula lokhala ndi utoto wokhala ndi 200 mm. Dzenje lili pamwambapa pamtunda wokwera masentimita 10-15, zomwe sizimalola akalulu kukwawa ndikudyera.
Pansi mkati mwa chakumwa cha amayi nthawi zambiri amapangidwa ndi plywood yolimba yosagwira chinyezi. Kupanga khomo lakumaso kwa zakumwa zoledzeretsa, bolodi kapena plywood yokwanira yokwanira imagwiritsidwa ntchito. Gawo lakumbuyo limapangidwa ndi mauna apamwamba kwambiri. Asanazungulire, chipinda cha amayi chimayikidwa mkati mwa chisa, kukula kwake kuli 40 x 40 cm kutalika kwa 20 cm.
Gawo lamabanja la magawo atatu
Kudziyimira pawokha kwa ziweto zazing'ono za kalulu ndikotsika mtengo. Zomwe zimatchedwa "banja block" ndizosavuta kwambiri kuswana ziweto. Poterepa, kalulu woweta amasungidwa m'chigawo chapakati cha nyumbayo, ndipo akazi amakhala mbali.
Mzigawo zamatabwa zomwe zimayikidwa pakati pa zipinda zonse, maenje ali ndi zida, zomwe zimaperekedwa ndi ma plywood latches. Chifukwa chake, ndikosavuta komanso kosavuta kuwongolera njira yosamutsira akazi kwa amuna.
Zidzakhalanso zosangalatsa:
- Matenda a Kalulu
- Zodyetsa akalulu
- Mawonekedwe akulera akalulu
Chimango chamatabwa chimathandizidwa ndi makoma am'mbali ndi kumbuyo, komanso zipinda zazinyumba zokhala ndi magawano ndi zitseko zozungulira. Pofuna kupanga khoma lakumaso, mauna achitsulo amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Mkati mwa zipinda zodyeramo, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti mupereke chipinda chaulere cha zinyama kuti zipumule. Chowonjezera chowonjezera cha nyumbazi ndi makonzedwe olingalira bwino a omwa ndi odyetsa, omwe amatha kudzazidwa mosavuta kuchokera kunja.
Mini-famu yamatumba abedi
Mtengo wakukhazikitsa makhola awiri okhala ndi ziweto siokwera kwambiri chifukwa cha kuphweka kwawo. Chisamaliro chapadera chimaperekedwa kumalo komwe kuli famu yaying'ono kutengera mtundu wa kuyatsa.
Khoma lotsekedwa lopanda kanthu ndi mabokosi a nazale ndi odyetsa amapezeka kumpoto, komwe kumateteza akalulu ku mphepo yamkuntho ndi kuzizira kwamphamvu. Denga la nyumbayo kuchokera kumpoto liyenera kukulira pafupifupi 0.9 m, komanso kuchokera kumwera chakumwera - ndi 0,6 m. Kuchokera kumadzulo ndi kum'mawa, denga limadzaza ndi matabwa otuluka.
Ndizosangalatsa! Ndi makonzedwe oyenera a kalulu kakang'ono ka kalulu, khola lililonse limatha kukhala ndi anthu achikulire makumi awiri mphambu asanu.
Khola la magawo awiri limakhala ndi chimango, gawo lotsika ndi gawo lokwera, ndipo, monga lamulo, zida zowonekera kapena zosunthika, komanso zinthu zofolerera, zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati denga. Monga chizolowezi chogwiritsa ntchito ziwonetsero zamafamu ang'onoang'ono, khungu limodzi limayenera kukhala lotalika mamita 1.42... Chingwe chokhala ndi mizere iwiri yazinyumba zisanu ndi zitatu zokhala ndi kutsegula kwa 70-110 masentimita chimakhala ndi mita 252.
Kalulu wa kalulu ku California
Malinga ndi oweta odziwa zambiri, akalulu aku California ndiosavuta kusamalira ndipo safuna malo ambiri oti asunge. Kukula kwathunthu kwa kapangidwe ka khola la kalulu wa ziweto zotere kumatha kukhala kocheperako kamodzi ndi theka kuposa kanyumba kosunga kalulu wamkulu waimvi.
Mwazina, akalulu aku California amasinthidwa nyengo yozizira, chifukwa chake amasungidwa ngakhale popanda zofunda zachikhalidwe.... Kukula kwa khola ndi chakumwa cha amayi ndi 0.4 m2, ndi kwa munthu m'modzi wokhwima pogonana - 0.3 m2... Pazodzipangira kapangidwe kake, zida zomangira zachilengedwe, zachilengedwe komanso ukhondo zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito.
Khola la kalulu wamphongo
Pofuna kusamalira nyumba, akalulu amakongoletsa kapena mitundu yaying'ono kwambiri amasinthidwa. Khola la nyama yotereyi silingakhale malo akulu mchipinda, chomwe chimafotokozedwa ndi kukula kwa akalulu ndi akulu. Kulemera kwa kalulu wachikulire wogonana, monga lamulo, sikupitilira ma kilogalamu angapo.
Ndizosangalatsa! Ngakhale kuti khola la kalulu limatha kupangidwa mosiyanasiyana, pafupifupi zida zilizonse, njira yabwino kwambiri ingakhale yamphamvu kwambiri, yolimba komanso yopanda zachilengedwe.
Nthambi zomwe zili mchola chomaliziracho siziyenera kujambulidwa. Kuwongolera kusamalira nyama zokongoletsera kumapangitsa kupezeka kwa thireyi yapadera, momwe zotayira zonse za kalulu wapakhomo zimagwera.
Khola la akalulu "zimphona"
Akalulu akhungu lanyama yayikulu ya mtundu wa "chimphona" amafunikira njira yapadera pazomwe amakhala komanso makonzedwe azinyumba zosakhala zachilendo. Khola lanyama yayikulu komanso yofulumira yaulimi ili ndi kukula kwakukulu, popeza kukula kwa kalulu ndi 55-65 masentimita m'litali ndi kulemera kwa 5.5-7.5 kg. Kutengera magawo ngati amenewa, muyenera kupanga chithunzi cha selo.
Kalulu wamkulu wamkulu ayenera kusungidwa mu khola ndi miyeso yocheperako yomwe yawonetsedwa:
- kutalika - 96 cm;
- kuya - 70 cm;
- kutalika - 60-70 cm.
Awiri achichepere amtunduwu ayenera kusungidwa mu khola loyesa 1.2-1.3 m². Mwazina, akalulu akuluakulu ndi olemera kwambiri, motero pansi pa khola liyenera kulimbikitsidwa ndi mauna osanjikiza opangidwa ndi waya wokutira, womwe umayikidwa pafelemu, womangidwa ndi mtunda wa masentimita 4.0-4.5. yazokonza pansi ndi kukhazikitsa pulasitiki wapadera kapena mphira pallets. Poterepa, ma pallet amatsukidwa tsiku lililonse.
Maselo opangidwa ndi N.I. Zolotukhina
Zisamba zopangidwa ndi Zolotukhin zimadziwika ndi chilengedwe cha akalulu pafupi kwambiri ndi chilengedwe chawo. Chifukwa cha kapangidwe kake, ziweto zimatha kukhala omasuka, zomwe zimawathandiza kubereka komanso chitetezo chamthupi.
Osayenera opangidwa molingana ndi njira ya kalulu woweta kalulu Zolotukhin ali ndi kusiyana kwakukulu ndi mitundu ina yambiri ya akalulu. Makhalidwe apamwamba amapangidwira motere:
- zingapo;
- kusowa kwa mauna pansi ndi mphasa;
- kusapezeka kwa zakumwa zoledzeretsa za amayi;
- kuyenda kwa wodyetsa.
Kapangidwe ka magawo atatu kamapangidwira akalulu asanu ndi mmodzi, ndipo gawo lililonse lotsatiralo limasinthidwa kubwerera 15-20 cm, yomwe imalepheretsa zinyalala zilizonse kulowa munyanjazo. Malo otsetsereka a kalulu amakhala olimba, ndipo kukhoma lakumbuyo kokha kuli malo ang'onoang'ono opendekeka... M'chilimwe, chomera cha amayi chimayikidwa mdima wa khola, ndipo nthawi yozizira, zisa zochotseka zimayikidwa.
Makulidwe a khola la kalulu wa Zolotukhin amasiyanasiyana kutengera mtundu wa ziweto, koma pamitundu yayikulu kapena yayikulu, mapangidwe omwe adzaperekedwe amakhala oyenera:
- m'lifupi - 2.0 m;
- kutalika - mita imodzi ndi theka;
- kuya - 0.7-0.8 m;
- m'lifupi zone matayala ndi 15-20 masentimita;
- otsetsereka pansi - 5-7 cm;
- miyeso yachitseko - 0.4 × 0.4 m.
Mukamamwa zakumwa zoledzeretsa za amayi m'nyengo yozizira, tikulimbikitsidwa kutsatira izi:
- okwana m'dera - 0,4 × 0,4 mamita;
- msinkhu wa polowera - 150 mm;
- kutalika kwa kutalika kwa khoma - 160 mm;
- kutalika kwa khoma kutalika - 270 mm.
Ndizosangalatsa! Ngati ndi kotheka, magawo omwe ali pamwambapa atha kukulitsidwa kapena kutsika, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti nyumbayo ikhale yosavuta komanso yosavuta momwe ingathere.
Ubwino wa maselo oterewa umayimiriridwa ndi mtengo wotsika mtengo wa zida, komanso kusamalira kosavuta ndi kudzipanga osati kukula kwakukulu kwa kapangidwe kotsirizidwa. Mwa zina, ndizotheka kukhala ndi zowunikira zabwino komanso mpweya wabwino wokwanira.
Makulidwe a osayenera a kalulu mafakitale
Zisaka za kalulu zomwe zimapangidwira kuswana kwa nyama pamafakitale, komanso nyumba zopangidwa kale, zitha kuperekedwa mumitundu yosiyanasiyana:
- mtundu wokhazikika wa kukhazikitsa m'nyumba;
- Mtundu wokhazikika wa kukhazikitsa panja;
- mtundu wam'manja;
- zitsanzo zokhala ndi ndege.
Kulima panja nthawi zambiri kumachitika m'makola amodzi, okhala ndi mpanda wolimba kapena khoma. Poterepa, makoma akumbuyo ndi mbali zamakolawa ayenera kukhala olimba, omwe amateteza kwathunthu nyama ku mpweya ndi mphepo. Zoyenera kwambiri kugwiritsira ntchito m'nyumba ndizomanga mbali ziwiri zopangidwa ndi ma waya achitsulo kuti pakhale mpweya wabwino wosavuta.
Odziwika kwambiri posungira achikulire ndi zomangamanga zomwe zimakhala ndi zipinda ziwiri zomwe zimakhazikitsa chakumwa cha amayi pafupi ndi khoma lakumbali.
Pansi pokhazikika mderali pazikhala zopangidwa ndi matabwa, ndipo gawo la aft liyenera kulekanitsidwa ndi magawano okhala ndi laser yoyezera masentimita 17x17. Pansi pake pamakhala mauna achitsulo. Kukula kwakukulu kwa zakumwa zoledzeretsa za amayi:
- kuya - 0,55 m;
- kutalika - 0,4 m;
- kutalika pakhomo - 0,5 m;
- kutalika kumbuyo - 0,35 m.
Ndizosangalatsa! Mbali yazinyumba za akalulu, zopangidwira kusungira akalulu akunja kwamitundu yonse, ndi kukula kwake kopanda malire komanso njira yopepuka yopezera ntchito.
Kumbali yakutsogolo kuli zitseko zolimba ndi zitseko ziwiri zokhala ndi ma feed otetezedwa. Kapangidwe kameneka kamayenera kukwezedwa mpaka kutalika kwa masentimita 80 kuchokera pansi pamtunda pogwiritsa ntchito miyendo yolimba.
Kupanga khola
Mapangidwe osavuta a khola la kalulu atha kuchitika pawokha. Pakhola lapa khomo panja, matabwa osagwira chinyezi a OSB amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati nyumba yayikulu komanso zomalizira. Kutalika kwa khola limodzi kuli mita imodzi ndi theka mulifupi mwake 0,7 m ndi kutalika kotere. Njira yabwino kwambiri ndikupangira khola la kalulu wopanga 3 mita kutalika, 0.7 mita mulifupi ndi 120/100 cm kutalika kutsogolo ndi kumbuyo. Izi ndizosavuta kusamalira, komanso zimakupatsani mwayi wopulumutsa kwambiri zida zomangira:
- pepala plywood ndi kukula kwa 1.5 × 1.5 m ndi makulidwe a 10 mm - mapepala;
- matabwa midadada 3.0 m kutalika ndi kukula 3 × 5 cm - zidutswa khumi;
- kanasonkhezereka mauna ndi maselo akuyeza 1.5 × 1.5 cm - 3.0 m²;
- zodzipangira zokha 30 mm kutalika - kilogalamu;
- zodzipangira zokha 70 mm kutalika - kilogalamu.
Njira yopangira zinthu imaphatikizapo kumanga felemu ndikumeta kwake, komanso makonzedwe a wodyetsa ndi zakumwa za amayi, kukhazikitsidwa kwa denga ndikulendewera kwa chitseko. Ndikofunika kupanga pansi mkati mwa khola.
Ndi zinthu ziti zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pomanga khola
Zipangizo zodzipangira zokha za khola ziyenera kukhala zosalala bwino, popanda zovuta kapena zoopsa zomwe zimayambitsa... Olima akalulu odziwa bwino amalimbikitsa kuti asagwiritse ntchito zitsulo popanga akalulu, ndipo ndikofunikira kuti musonkhanitse zogwirizira ndi chimango pogwiritsa ntchito matabwa ndi zinthu zina.
Kusankhidwa kwa zida zokutira pakhoma kumakhala kosiyanasiyana, kotero ndizotheka kugwiritsa ntchito matabwa omwe adakonzedwa, mapepala a plywood kapena thumba lodalirika komanso lolimba pazifukwa izi. Chisankho chomaliza chimadalira momwe nyengo ilili akalulu ndi mtundu wa khola.
Momwe mungasankhire mauna
Njira yabwino kwambiri imadziwika ngati mauna achitsulo, momwe ma cell amakhala okhazikika potengera mawotchi. Kukhazikika koteroko kumapereka zowonetsa mphamvu zokwanira, koma ndikofunikira kuti makulidwe ochepera a waya akhale masentimita 0.2. Thumba lachitsulo liyenera kukhala ndi zokutira zoteteza kapena zokutira polima. Mauna achitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri alibe zokutira zotere konse.
Mauna apansi ayenera kukhala ndi mesh kukula kwa 2.0x2.0 cm kapena 1.6x2.5 cm.Kusunga achikulire, zida zapansi zokhala ndi masentimita 2.5x2.5 masentimita okhala ndi waya wocheperako wa 0,2 cm ndizabwino. gwiritsani ma waya okhala ndi mtanda wa 0,2 masentimita wokhala ndi mesh kukula kwa 2.5x2.5 cm.
Ndizosangalatsa! Maukonde a aluminiyumu sagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga khola la kalulu, chifukwa zinthu zotere ndizopepuka komanso zofewa, zimapunduka msanga polemera nyama yayikulu.
Denga la khola limapangidwa ndi mauna okhwima owoneka bwino okhala ndi gawo la 3-4 mm kukula kwa masentimita 2.5x15. Mulimonsemo, mauna apamwamba kwambiri amakhala ndi mawonekedwe olondola am'maselo.
Mawonekedwe a malo am'chipindacho
Makhalidwe oyika makhola amatengera nyengo, motero nyumba zimatha kuyikidwa osati m'nyumba, komanso panja. Nthawi zambiri, oweta akalulu amagwiritsa ntchito ziweto zoweta pamodzi, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti azitengera osayenera panja ndikumayamba kutentha.
Ndikofunika kukumbukira kuti akalulu ayenera kukhala kutali ndi ma drafts, otsika kwambiri kapena otentha kwambiri.... Osayenera sayenera kuikidwa pafupi ndi madambo kapena malo otsika kumene kuli nkhungu. Mtunda wapakati pa mizere uyenera kukhala wokwanira kuyenda kwa munthu ndi ntchito zopanda mavuto a akalulu.
Mukakhazikitsa khola la akalulu mchipinda, muyenera kusamalira kuyatsa bwino ndikukonzekera mpweya wokwanira kapena kupanga njira yabwino yopumira. Mu kalulu, kuunikira kuyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa maola 8-16, ndipo mphamvu yake yabwino ndi 30-40 Lx. Zisamba za kalulu zimatsukidwa ndikusamalidwa molingana ndi nthawi yomwe idakonzedweratu.
