Mbalamezi zokondana komanso zokangalika kuyambira kale zimakonda okonda mbalame. Siskin ndi wokonda kucheza kwambiri ndipo samawopa anthu, komanso, ngakhale ili ndi dzina losavuta komanso anthu ambiri, ili ndi zinthu zingapo zosangalatsa.
Kufotokozera kwa siskin
Siskin ndi woimira dongosolo la odutsa. Mbalameyi ndi yaying'ono kukula. Pafupifupi amafika kutalika kwa masentimita 12, ndikulemera kwa 10 mpaka 18 g.
Maonekedwe
Siskin ali ndi mutu wawung'ono wokhala ndi maso akuda malasha ndi thupi lokulungika, kuwirikiza kawiri kukula kwa mutu womwewo, mlomo wawung'ono wonyezimira wonyezimira komanso miyendo yopyapyala yofiirira yokhala ndi zala zolumikizidwa ndi zikhadabo zazifupi, kotero kuti ndikosavuta kumamatira ku nthambi.
Mtundu wa nthenga za siskin ndi wachikasu wobiriwira, wokhala ndi mitundu yakuda, yakuda yakuda ndi mitundu ya azitona. Mu siskin wamkazi, pamimba pamadzaza ndi mikwingwirima yakuda kapena mawanga. Mtundu wamphongo umakhala wosiyanasiyana komanso wowala kuposa wa mkazi, nthenga mumchira ndi mapiko, pomwe mikwingwirima yoyera, yakuda ndi yachikaso imawonekera, ndiyotalika, ndipo pamutu pamakhala malo a nthenga zakuda kapena zakuda, zotchedwa "kapu", ndi kachidutswa kakang'ono wakuda kapena "khobiri" atha kuwonekera pachibwano.
Moyo ndi machitidwe
Chizhi amatha kuwoneka wosakhazikika komanso wosakhazikika pamakhalidwe awo chifukwa cha zomwe amachita. Koma sizili choncho. Mbalame zamtunduwu ndizolumikizana modabwitsa, zimakhala ndi dongosolo loyang'anira magulu awo, ndipo zimakhalanso m'gulu lomwe limaphatikizapo "kugawana" chakudya, ndiye kuti, kubwezeretsanso chakudya kwa membala wina wa gululo. Chizhi nthawi zonse amakhala awiriawiri, makamaka nthawi yovundikira m'nyengo yotentha. Wamwamuna ndi wamkazi amatenga nawo gawo pomanga chisa cha banja, posankha kuti amange pamwamba pa mtengo, nthawi zambiri mtengo wamtundu.
Ndizosangalatsa!Nthawi zambiri amayesetsa kukhala pamwamba panthaka. Chakumapeto kwa nthawi yophukira, ziphuphu zimapanga timagulu tating'ono, ndipo nthawi yozizira, kusamuka kumayamba. Nthawi zambiri, ngati siskin imakhazikika pamalo otentha, palibe chifukwa chosinthira malowo.
Chifukwa chake, ziweto zimakhazikika komwe zimakhazikika, kapena zimauluka patali, pafupi ndi nkhalango zowuma kapena zosakanikirana. Ndipo akakumana ndi dziwe lopanda ayezi panjira, gululo limakhala komweko nthawi yozizira. Nthawi zina zimachitika kuti gawo limodzi la gulu lalikulu limauluka, pomwe linalo limakhala pamalo omwewo. Gulu limayesetsa nthawi zonse kukhala limodzi, kukhala pafupi. Mpaka pawiri sikisi ndi zisa zimatha kupezeka pamitengo iwiri yoyandikana nayo.
Kuyimba kosangalatsa kwa ma siskins, ndikupanga mawonekedwe ochezeka komanso achikondi, kumatha kudziwika bwino nthawi zonse. Kuphatikiza pa kayendedwe kake ka chilengedwe, siskin imathanso kufotokozera oyandikana nawo - mbalame zamitundu ina, makamaka mawere. Ma siskins ndi otchuka kwambiri ngati ziweto makamaka chifukwa choyimba bwino komanso mwamtendere.
Ndi ma siskins angati omwe amakhala
Kuyambira 1955 mpaka 1995, akatswiri odziwa za mbalame ankalira pafupifupi anthu 15,000 m'chigawo cha Leningrad. Pakubwezeretsanso, zidapezeka kuti awiri okhawo omwe anali ndi ling'i adapulumuka mpaka zaka 3.5, chimodzi mpaka zaka 6, ndipo wina adapulumuka mpaka zaka 8. Mu 1985, zowona za moyo wa siskin wazaka 25 zidalembedwa, koma izi, ndichachidziwikire, ndizapadera.
Mwachilengedwe, chifukwa cha kuthekera kwachiwopsezo kapena kuwonongeka kwa chisa, komanso kusunthika kosalekeza, nthawi yayitali ya moyo wa siskin ndi zaka 1.5 zokha, ndiye kuti anthu asinthidwa kwathunthu mkati mwa zaka ziwiri. Pokhala mu ukapolo, siskin idzakhala ndi moyo wautali, mpaka zaka 9-10.
Malo okhala, malo okhala
Malo ogawira mbalame ndi akulu kwambiri... Chizhi amakhala ku Europe ndi Asia, kuyambira ku Scandinavia ndi Finland, kuphatikiza kum'mawa kwa France, mpaka mbali yakum'mawa kwa dziko lomwe lili m'mbali mwa Nyanja ya Okhotsk ndi Japan, komanso ku Siberia, Transbaikalia, Crimea, Ukraine, Greater and Lesser Caucasus. Zitha kupezeka ku Britain Isles, Sakhalin, Iturup, Kunashir, Shikotan, Hokkaido, etc. Palinso mitundu yambiri yomwe imakhala ku North ndi South America, Portugal, Brazil. Popeza siskin ndi mbalame zosamukasamuka, ndipo nthawi zambiri zimasintha malo ake, zimapezeka kulikonse.
Chifukwa cha izi, kusintha kwa kuchuluka kwa mitundu yamtundu umodzi kapena mitundu ingapo yamasamba kumachitika nthawi zambiri, pamakhala pafupifupi 20. Nthawi zambiri, m'nyengo yotentha, zipatso zikamakhwima, mapirawo amasintha malo awo. Kutengera ndi chiphunzitsochi, titha kuganiza kuti chifukwa chiyani pali malo ambiri achilengedwe. Chizhi amakonda nkhalango ndi madera a mapiri, nkhalango za spruce. Amakonda kukhazikika pansi pamtunda; amakhala pafupifupi moyo wawo wonse akuthawa. Siskins imapezekanso m'nkhalango zamtchire ndi tchire. Amakhalanso m'midzi, amapezeka m'mapaki ndi mabwalo.
Zakudya za Siskin
Chizhi amakonda tizilombo tating'onoting'ono monga nsabwe za m'masamba, mbozi ndi agulugufe, komanso udzu ndi mbewu zamitengo. Zakudya zimadalira nyengo yake. Mbeu za dandelion ndi poppy ndizabwino kwa iwo mchilimwe. Amathanso kukolola mbewu za mbewu zosiyanasiyana za Compositae monga nthula, chimanga ndi zina zotere monga St John's wort, meadowsweet ndi sorelo.
Zofunika! Kwa iwo omwe akufuna kusunga nkhuku mnyumba, mutha kuwonjezera zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba pazakudya za siskins, monga maapulo, kaloti, kabichi. Muthanso kuphatikiza oats ndi mbewu zina, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimapezeka muzakudya za canary, pazakudya zanu.
Kuchokera pamitengo yodula, amakonda birch ndi mbewu za alder, poplar. Mwa nyama, amathandizidwa ndi zala zowonda ndi zikhadabo zooneka ngati mbedza ndi mlomo wosongoka. Kuchokera ku ma conifers, amakonda spruce, fir, paini, komanso, ngati ali ndi mwayi, pomwe ma cones amafalikira pachimake, siskins amadya mtedza mofunitsitsa.
Adani achilengedwe
Siskins ndizovuta kwambiri kuzizindikira, makamaka popeza zisa zawo, zomwe zimatchinjidwa mosamala ndi adani, zili pamtunda wa 7 mpaka 17 mita kumtunda.
Opangidwa ndi timitengo ting'onoting'ono ndi udzu, kunja kwake amakutidwa ndi timitengo, ndere ndi moss, ndichifukwa chake chisa sichimadziwika ndi nthambi za mtengo. Kuopsa kwakukulu kwa chiskin ndi mbalame zodya nyama monga nkhandwe kapena kadzidzi, zomwe zimatha kuukira nthawi yovundikira kapena musanabadwe komanso pambuyo pake, pamene mazira ndi ma siskin ang'ono amakhala pachiwopsezo chachikulu.
Kubereka ndi ana
M'nyengo yotentha ndi nthawi yozizira, siskin imasaka mnzake woti ithe kumuswana... M'nyengo yokhwima, yomwe nthawi zambiri imatsatiridwa ndikumanga kwa chisa, champhongo chimakopa chidwi ndi nyimbo kapena "trill" ndi zomwe zimatchedwa kuvina mozungulira chachikazi (chachimuna chimakweza mchira wake ndi mafunde). Kuphatikiza apo, nyimbo ya siskin ili ndi kapangidwe kake, kamakhala ndi magawo angapo, ma chirps osiyanasiyana, ma trill, mapokoso ndikugogoda.
Mkaziyo, nayenso, amalowa nawo kuthawa, ndipo awiriwa amayenda nthawi yayitali, kuti ateteze mgwirizano wawo. Chisa cha mbalame chimapangidwa ngati mbale ya mizu ndi timitengo, pansi pake kapena thireyi imayikidwa mkati, ndikulikulitsa ndi fluff ndi moss. Nthawi zina siskin amaika miyala yaying'ono pachisa. M'nthano yaku Germany pali nkhani yoti siskin amayang'anira miyala yamatsenga pachisa chake. Zitatha izi, gawo loyikira mazira limayamba.
Ndizosangalatsa!Chizhi amaikira mazira kawiri pachaka, koyambirira kwa Epulo-Meyi ndi Juni-koyambirira kwa Julayi. Kawirikawiri sipakhala zoposa 5-6 za izo mu clutch. Iwo eniwo ndi mawonekedwe achilendo ngati peyala. Kuphatikiza apo, mazira mu clutch imodzi amatha kusiyanasiyana kukula ndi utoto. Mitundu imatha kuyambira yoyera kapena yoyera buluu mpaka kubiriwirako ndi mawanga akuda ndi mizere.
Nthawi yosungiramo nyamayi imakhala pafupifupi milungu iwiri, ndipo pamene mkazi amatsamira mazira, yamphongo mwa njira iliyonse yotetezera chisa ndikubweretsa chakudya. Ataswa, anapiyewo amakhala moyang'aniridwa ndi makolo awo kwa milungu iwiri ina, omwe amawabweretsera tizilombo tating'onoting'ono, mbozi, kafadala wokhala ndi mapuloteni ambiri, omwe amafunikira kukula kwa mwana wankhuku.
Zidzakhalanso zosangalatsa:
- Korolki (lat .regulus)
- Belobrovik (lat. Turdus iliacus)
- Mapeto (Fringílla coélebs)
- Mbalame Klest (Lohia)
Zimachitika kuti chachikazi chimayamba kumanga chisa chatsopano pafupi kuti chiziyambitsirane chatsopano, pomwe champhongo, pakadali pano, chimadyetsa ana oyamba. Kenako ana amasiya chisa cha makolo, pomwe thupi lili ndi nthenga zambiri zokwanira, koma chachikazi ndi chachimuna chimapitiliza kuthandiza achichepere kupeza chakudya, chomwe nthawi zambiri chimangowatsata, kuyesera kuphunzira zonse zofunika kupulumuka.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Siskin ndi wa banja la finch komanso mtundu wa goldfinch. Chiwerengero cha anthu padziko lonse lapansi cha siskins ndi pafupifupi anthu 30 miliyoni. Tiyenera kumvetsetsa kuti pali mitundu yambiri ya mitunduyi, mwachitsanzo, mitundu yaku North America kapena Golden Siskin, yomwe imakonda ku America.
Ili ndi mtundu wonyezimira wonyezimira, ndipo ikawulukira ku Mexico nthawi yachisanu, imasintha mtundu wake kukhala wobiriwira. Palinso chiskin waku Mexico, yemwe amakhala makamaka m'mapiri, omwe ali ndi mtundu wofanana ndi mitundu yaku America, kusiyana kokha kudzakhala mu "kapu" yayikulu komanso yakuda pamutu.
Mitunduyi imakhala yochenjera kwambiri, ndipo mwachilengedwe zimakhala zovuta kuti munthu ayipeze. Pini siskin si yowala ngati abale ake, koma imasiya mikwingwirima yachikaso pa nthenga zouluka. Ndipo, mwina, woimira wokongola kwambiri wa siskin angatchedwe siskin wamoto, womwe uli ndi mithunzi yofiira ndi yofiira pamitambo yake. Komanso ndi wokulirapo. Mitunduyi ndiyotetezedwa, mosiyana ndi mitundu ina.
Ndizosangalatsa!Malinga ndi lingaliro la International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN), a Chyzh adapatsidwa mwayi wokhala Osadandaula, ndiye kuti, osati pagulu lililonse langozi.
Ndikosavuta kukumana ndi siskin ngati mupita ku chilengedwe ndikukhala kuthengo. Asayansi ambiri amati chiskin, pokhala kuthengo, chimalolabe munthu kuyandikira mokwanira. Cholengedwa chokongola ichi, chokondedwa ndi ambiri, chakhala chikuwonetsedwa kangapo m'mbiri ndi nthano, komanso ndi chiweto "chosavuta", chodzichepetsa komanso chokhala ndi mawu abwino. Siskin amatha kupambana pamtima, pokhala mu ukapolo komanso kuthengo.
