Kedrovka - mbalame zachilendo kwambiri; ngakhale chipilala ku Tomsk. Analandira ulemu wotere chifukwa chothandizira pakufalitsa kwa mkungudza waku Siberia. Pobzala mtedza ndi mbewu, mbalame nthawi zambiri zimaiwala za izo, ndipo mbewu zimamera pakapita nthawi. Nutcracker nthawi zambiri amatchedwa "mpulumutsi wa nkhalango".
Kupatula apo, ma cone a cedar ndi olemera kwambiri ndipo amagwera pansi pa mtengo, koma ndi nutcracker yomwe imathandizira kuti mbewu zizikula kutali ndi mtengo wawo wobadwira. Panali milandu pomwe mphukira zazing'ono zamkungudza zidapezeka makilomita 8-10 kuchokera m'nkhalango. Takambirana mbalame yodabwitsayi.
Kufotokozera kwa nutcracker
Maonekedwe
Nutcrackers ali ndi kusiyana kosiyana kogonana, makamaka kwa akulu.... Ngakhale katswiri sangadzilekanitse. Akazi amasiyana ndi amuna kukula, amakhala ochepa. Nthenga zawo ndi zonyezimira kuposa zamphongo. Mtundu wa nthenga za nutcracker umawalola kuti aziphatikizana kwathunthu ndi chilengedwe - nkhalango za taiga. Izi si mbalame zazikulu kwambiri, ngakhale zili zobisika, nthawi zambiri zimakhala pachiwopsezo cha adani. Ulendo wa nutcracker ndiwolemera, mapiko ake ndi olimba. Chifukwa chake, amafunika kupumula ngakhale atangoyenda pang'ono.
Ndizosangalatsa! Mbalamezi zimakonda kupumula panthambi zowuma, pomwe mawonekedwe abwino amatseguka.
Chifukwa chake, amayang'anira madera awo kuti apezeke adani kapena alendo, omwe pamakhala mikangano yambiri mdera lawo.
Nutcrackers ndi am'banja la corvidae. Izi ndi mbalame zazing'ono pang'ono kuposa jackdaws kapena jays. Kutalika kwa nutcracker ndi pafupifupi masentimita 30 kuphatikiza mchira, kutalika kwake sikupitilira masentimita 11. Mapiko a mapiko ake amakhala pafupifupi 55 cm.
Mosiyana ndi ma corvids ena ambiri, nutcracker imakhala yofiirira, nthawi zambiri imakhala yakuda, ndimadontho oyera oyera, pamalire pake pamakhala malire oyera. Nutcracker wamkazi amalemera magalamu 150-170, magalamu 170-190 amphongo. Mlomo ndi miyendo ya mbalameyi ndi yakuda kapena yakuda.
Khalidwe ndi machitidwe
Nutcrackers ndi mbalame zobisalira komanso chete. Nthawi zambiri samapereka mawu omwe amamveka ngati khwangwala. Chokhacho ndi nyengo yokhwima ndi nthawi yokolola zokolola zatsopano za mtedza. Ngati zokololazo ndizofooka, ndiye kuti kukuwa kwa nutcrackers kumakhala chete.
Nutcracker amasunga mtedza wambiri munthawi zanjala, ndipo malinga ndi asayansi, m'nyengo yotentha, amawapeza ndi fungo, ndipo nthawi yozizira, chipale chofewa chikakhala chachikulu kwambiri, ndizosatheka kuti mbalame ibisike.
Ndizosangalatsa! Amakhulupirira kuti ma nutcrackers amatha kupanga pafupifupi zikwi 50 zotchedwa ma bookmark m'moyo wonse. Pambuyo pake, m'malo oiwalika omwe chakudya chimabisika, mitengo imakula pakapita nthawi.
Pali chodziwika bwino pomwe zinali zotheka kugwira nutcracker wokhala ndi mtedza wa 165 mchikwama chake chapakhosi. Izi ndizovuta kwambiri, poganizira kuti nutcracker ndi mbalame yochepa kwambiri.
Mbalamezi zimakhala zolimba, nthawi zambiri zimakhala ziwiri kapena ziwiri, koma nthawi zina zimasonkhana m'magulu ang'onoang'ono koma phokoso.... Izi zimachitika nthawi zambiri mbalame zikauluka kukafunafuna chakudya. Chikondi cha mtedza ndi champhamvu kwambiri kotero kuti pakhala pali milandu pomwe ma nutcrackers adathamangitsa mapuloteni kuchokera mkungudza, womwe uli ndi ma cones ambiri odzaza ndi mtedza. Pawiri ya nutcrackers amapanga moyo wonse, ndiye kuti ali ndiukwati umodzi.
Moyo ndi moyo wautali
Nutcrackers si mbalame zosamuka. Amakhala moyo wongokhala, amangopanga ndege zing'onozing'ono pofunafuna chakudya ndi magawo atsopano. Awa ndi anthu okhala nyengo yoipa ya taiga, amatha kupirira chisanu choopsa kwambiri. Nutcrackers ndi mbalame zam'madera, amapeza chakudya kokha m'malire awo, omwe amawateteza mwachangu kwa alendo.
Ndizosangalatsa! Mbalamezi zimakhala ndi moyo nthawi yayitali, zina zimakhala zaka 10-12 kapena kupitilira apo. Nthawi zambiri samasungidwa ngati akapolo.
M'malo osungira nyama momwe zinthu zilili bwino ndipo palibe adani achilengedwe, amatha kukhala zaka 15.
Habitat, malo okhala mtedza
Nutcracker ndimomwe amakhala m'nkhalangoyi. Nthawi zambiri imapezeka m'nkhalango zamtundu wa taiga ku Europe ndi Asia, kuchokera ku Scandinavia ndi Alps kupita ku Japan ndi China. Mbalame yaying'onoyi imakonda nkhalango zowirira kwambiri. Apa nutcrackers amapeza chakudya chawo - mbewu, zomwe zimachokera ku pine, spruce ndi coned cones.
Ndikusintha kwanyengo komwe kukuchitika, nutcracker imapezeka ngakhale m'nkhalango pafupi ndi Moscow, komwe kunalibe zaka 15-20 zapitazo. Komabe, izi zimangochitika mwangozi kuposa momwe zimakhalira. Mwinamwake mbalamezi zinayambitsidwa mwaluso, ndipo kenako zinazika mizu ndi kukhazikika m'madera atsopano.
Zakudya, zomwe nutcracker amadya
Zakudya zambiri za walnuts zimapangidwa ndi nthanga za coniferous. Pakubereka komanso munthawi yodyetsa ana, tizilombo timawonjezerapo mtedzawo, potero zimadzipatsa okha ndi anawo chakudya chama protein. M'nkhalango zomwe zili kumapiri, malo okhala mbalame amasintha kutengera nyengo.
Kuyambira kumapeto kwa masika mpaka nthawi yophukira, nthawi zonse pamakhala zakudya zambiri za nutcrackers, mtedza wambiri ndi zipatso zipsa, tizilombo timaswana. Koma koposa zonse, mbalamezi zimakonda mtedza wa paini. Zimadziwika kuti ma nutcrackers amatha kusunga mtedza wambiri m'matumba awo pakhosi kuposa momwe angadye.
Kubereka ndi ana
Nthawi yobisalira, mbalameyi imachita zinthu mwachinsinsi makamaka ndipo nkosatheka kuiwona. Ndizosowa kwambiri kuwona nutcracker mchisa panthawi yakusakaniza.
Zofunika! Mbalamezi zimasamala kwambiri kuti zimange chisa, pogwiritsa ntchito moss, masamba, dongo ndi nthambi ngati zomangira.
Zisa za Nutcrackers ndizolimba kwambiri ndipo, mwalamulo, zimakhala pamtunda wa mamita 4-6. Koma izi sizimapulumutsa nthawi zonse kuzilombo zomwe zimatha kukwera mitengo, koma zimateteza ku nthaka.
Nthawi yoberekera komanso kubzala mazira a nutcrackers imayamba kuyambira Marichi mpaka Meyi. Mkazi amaikira 4-5, nthawi zina 7, mazira abuluu owala okhala ndi mawanga abulauni. Nthawi yokwanira ndi masiku 18-22. Makolowo onse amasungunula zowomberazo mozungulira, kulola wina ndi mnzake kupuma ndikuwuluka kuti akapeze chakudya.
Nutcrackers ndi mbalame zokhazokha zomwe zimakwatirana moyo wonse. Mwamuna ndi mkazi amatenga nawo mbali kudyetsa ana. Pakatha pafupifupi masabata 3-4, anapiye amakhala okonzeka kuthawa koyamba kuchokera pachisa. Malinga ndi miyezo ya mbalame, makolowo amadyetsabe anapiye kwa miyezi itatu, pambuyo pake amachoka pachisa.
Adani achilengedwe
Choopsa chachikulu kwa nutcrackers panthawi ya kukaikira mazira chikuyimiridwa ndi adani awo achilengedwe - zolusa zazing'ono. Pakadali pano, mbalame zazikuluzikulu zimakhalanso nyama yosavuta, koma nthawi zambiri anapiye awo kapena gulu la mazira. Zowopsa kwambiri ndi ma weasel, martens, nkhandwe ndi amphaka amtchire.
Zofunika! Poganizira kuti nutcracker ikulemera kwambiri ndipo ikunyamuka pang'onopang'ono, ilibe mwayi woti athawe m'mano a marten kapena nkhandwe.
Nthawi zambiri, nutcracker imakhala nyama yosavuta panthawi yomwe imakumba mtedza womwe idasunga kuti adzagwiritse ntchito mtsogolo.... Kenako mbalameyo imasiya kukhala tcheru, imatha kuona kapena kumva bwino, ndipo imakhala yopanda chitetezo ngakhale patsogolo pa nyama zolusa.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Nkhalango za Coniferous ndi malo okondedwa a nutcrackers, nthawi zonse amavutika ndi moto wachilengedwe komanso wopangidwa ndi anthu, amatha kugwetsa mosalamulira, izi zimachepetsa kwambiri malo okhala mbalamezi. Mosakayikira, izi zimasokoneza kuchuluka kwa ma nutcrackers. Komabe, kuchuluka kwa ma nutcrackers pakadali pano sikukuwopsezedwa ndipo kuchuluka kwa mbalamezi kumakhalabe kokhazikika.
