Argali, kapena nkhosa yamphiri (Ovis ammon) ndi nyama yokongola kwambiri komanso yopanda mphalapala ya banja la bovine ndi dongosolo la artiodactyl. Nyama yosowa imeneyi imadziwikanso kuti argali.
Kufotokozera kwa nkhosa yamphiri
Argali ndiye woyimira wamkulu pagulu lankhosa zakutchire.... Dzina lachilatini lotchedwa ammon limatengera dzina la mulungu Amun. Malinga ndi nthanoyo, mantha akulu a Typhon adakakamiza okhala kumwamba kuti asanduke nyama zosiyanasiyana, ndipo Amoni adapeza mawonekedwe a nkhosa yamphongo. Malinga ndi miyambo yakale, Amoni adawonetsedwa ngati munthu wokhala ndi nyanga zamphongo zazikulu komanso zopindika.
Mitundu ya nkhosa yamapiri
Mitundu ya nkhosa yamphiri kapena yamapiri imaphatikizapo ma subspecies angapo omwe amaphunziridwa bwino ndipo amawoneka mosiyanasiyana:
- Altai ram kapena Ovis ammon ammon;
- Anatolian mouflon kapena Ovis ammon anatolisa;
- Nkhosa za Bukhara kapena Ovis ammon bosharensis;
- Kazakh argali kapena Ovis ammon colium;
- Gansu argali kapena Ovis ammon dalailamae;
- Nkhosa zam'mapiri aku Tibetan kapena Ovis ammon hоdgsоnii;
- Nkhosa zam'mapiri aku China kapena Ovis ammon jubata;
- Tien Shan nkhosa zamapiri kapena Ovis ammon karelini;
- argali Kozlova kapena Ovis ammon kozlоvi;
- phiri la karatau ram kapena Ovis ammon nigrimontana;
- Nkhosa yamphongo wa ku Kupro kapena Ovis ammon orhion;
- nkhosa zamapiri Marco Polo kapena Ovis ammon roli;
- Kyzylkum nkhosa zamapiri kapena Ovis ammon sevеrtzоvi;
- Urmia mouflon kapena Ovis ammon urmiana.
Chochititsa chidwi kwambiri ndi subspecies ya argali - Altai kapena Tien Shan nkhosa zamapiri. Nyama yamphongo imeneyi, yokhala ndi mphongo, ili ndi nyanga zamphamvu kwambiri komanso zolemera kwambiri. Kulemera kwapakati kwa nyanga zamwamuna wamkulu nthawi zambiri kumafika 33-35 kg. Kutalika kwa mwamuna wamwamuna wokhwima pogonana atafota kumatha kusiyanasiyana mkati mwa 70-125 masentimita, ndikutalika kwa thupi mpaka mamitala awiri ndikuchuluka kwa 70-180 kg.
Kutalika kwa mchira ndi masentimita 13 mpaka 14. Oyimira onse a subspecies O. ammon ammon amadziwika ndi kupezeka kwa thupi lokhalitsa, lowonda, koma lamphamvu kwambiri. Mapeto a chophompho cha nyama ndi opepuka kuposa mutu ndi nsana wake. Chiwerengero cha nkhosa zam'mapiri a Altai chitha kuyimiridwa ndi magulu akulu awiri: zazimayi zomwe zili ndi achinyamata komanso amuna okhwima ogonana.
Ng'ombe zamapiri za Kyzylkum kapena Severtsov's argali sizosangalatsanso. Kukula kwa gawo la Kazakhstan pakadali pano kuli pachiwopsezo chotheratu, ndipo kuchuluka kwa subspecies sikupitilira anthu zana limodzi. Ovis ammon sеvеrtzоvi adatchulidwa mu Red Data Book yomwe ikugwira ntchito kudera la Kazakhstan.
Maonekedwe a Argali
Kutalika kwa thupi la argali wamkulu ndi masentimita 120-200, ndikutalika kwa kufota kwa 90-120 masentimita ndi kulemera kwake kwa makilogalamu 65-180... Kutengera ndi subspecies, osati kukula kokha, komanso mtundu wa thupi umasiyanasiyana, koma lero lalikulu kwambiri ndi Pamir argali, kapena nkhosa yamphiri ya Marco Polo, yomwe idatchedwa dzina laulemu wapaulendo wodziwika yemwe adafotokoza koyamba za nyamayi, artiodactyl.
Amuna ndi akazi a subspecies amadziwika ndi kukhalapo kwa nyanga zazitali kwambiri. Nkhosa yamphongo yamphongo imakhala ndi nyanga zazikulu, zochititsa chidwi, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimalemera pafupifupi 13% ya thupi lathunthu lanyama. Nyanga, mpaka 180-190 cm kutalika, ndizopindika mozungulira, mathero amatembenukira kunja ndikukwera.
Ndizosangalatsa! Nyanga zamphongo zamphiri zakhala zotchuka kwambiri ndi alenje kwazaka zambiri, chifukwa chake mtengo wawo amakhala madola zikwi zingapo.
Mitundu ya thupi la nyama yamtundu wa artiodactyl imatha kusiyanasiyana, yomwe imadziwika ndi mawonekedwe a subspecies. Nthawi zambiri, utoto umayimiriridwa ndimitundu yayikulu kwambiri kuchokera kumiyala yamchenga yoyera mpaka mtundu wakuda wakuda.
Mitundu yowala kwambiri imadziwika ndi thupi lakumunsi. Pali mikwingwirima yakuda bulauni m'mbali mwa thupi la nkhosa yamphirimo, yomwe imawonekera bwino kwambiri mbali yakumtunda yakuda ndi mbali yotsikayo. Malo amphuno ndi chotupa nthawi zonse amakhala owala.
Mbali yapadera yamtundu wamphongo wamphongo wamwamuna ndi kupezeka kwa mphete yodziwika bwino, yoyimiriridwa ndi ubweya wonyezimira komanso womwe uli mozungulira khosi la nyama, komanso kupezeka kwa ubweya wotambalala m'dera la nape. Nyama yotereyi yokhala ndi nyanga yokhala ndi nyanga yopanda nyanga imatulutsa kangapo pachaka, ndipo ubweya wachisanu umakhala wonyezimira komanso kutalika kwambiri poyerekeza ndi chivundikiro cha chilimwe. Miyendo ya nkhosa yamphiriyo ndiyokwera kwambiri komanso yopyapyala kwambiri, yomwe, pamodzi ndi nyanga zowonda, ndiye kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa mbuzi zam'mapiri (Sarra).
Zofunika! Moyo ukakhala pachiwopsezo, nyama yayikulu imayamba kukuwa mwaphamphu komanso mokweza mokwanira, ndipo achichepere amalira ngati ana ankhosa a nkhosa zoweta.
Moyo ndi machitidwe
Nkhosa zamphiri zimakhala m'gulu la nyama zomwe zimakhala ndi moyo wongokhala. M'nyengo yozizira ndi chilimwe, nyama zaku artiodactyl zimapanga zomwe zimatchedwa kusunthika kozungulira. Poyambira nyengo yachilimwe, nkhosa zamphongo zam'mapiri zimalumikizidwa kukhala gulu laling'ono, lokhala ndi mitu yokwanira makumi atatu, ndipo m'nyengo yozizira gulu lotere limakulitsidwa kwambiri ndipo limatha kuphatikiza nyama mazana angapo azaka zosiyanasiyana.
Gulu la nkhosa zamapiri lingayimiliridwe ndi gulu la akazi ndi nyama zazing'ono, komanso magulu osiyana a bachelor. Amphongo akuluakulu okhwima amatha kudyetsa mosiyana ndi gulu lonselo. Monga momwe mchitidwe wowonera wosatha ukusonyezera, nkhosa zamphongo zogwirizana pakati pa gulu la ziweto zimakhala modekha komanso mokondana wina ndi mnzake.
Tiyenera kudziwa kuti, monga lamulo, nkhosa zamphongo zazikulu sizipereka thandizo kwa abale awo, komabe, machitidwe a membala aliyense wa gulu amayang'aniridwa mosamala, ndipo pamaso pa alamu yotulutsidwa ndi nkhosa imodzi, gulu lonselo limadikirira ndikuwona kapena kuteteza.
Nkhosa zamphongo zakutchire zimadziwika kuti ndizosamala komanso nyama zabwino kwambiri, zomwe zimatha kuyang'anira chilengedwe chonse mozungulira. Pazizindikiro zoyambirira zowopsa, argali ikubwerera komwe sikungafikiridwe ndi adani. Pogwiritsa ntchito kukwera mwala, nkhosa yam'mapiri ndiyotsika pang'ono kuposa mbuzi yamapiri.
Chinyama chokhala ndi ziboda zotere sichitha kuyenda pamtunda, komanso chimadziwa kulumpha m'malo amiyala mosavuta. Komabe, kutalika kwakulumpha kumafika mita zingapo, ndipo kutalika kumatha kukhala pafupifupi mita zisanu. Ntchito yayikulu kwambiri ya nkhosa zam'mapiri imadziwika ndikumayambiriro m'mawa, ndipo masana nyamazo zimapuma pamodzi, komwe zimatafuna chingamu zitagona. Argali amakonda kudya msanga m'mawa ndi madzulo.
Kodi argali amakhala zaka zingati
Kutalika kwa moyo wa nkhosa yamapiri kapena argali kumatha kusiyanasiyana kutengera zinthu zakunja, kuphatikiza gawo logawa. Koma, monga mwalamulo, mwachilengedwe, chilengedwe, nyama yovekedwa ndi ziboda zokhala ndi mikwingwirima imatha kukhala zaka zosaposera khumi kapena khumi ndi ziwiri.
Malo okhala ndi malo okhala
Mountain argali amakhala, monga lamulo, kumapiri ndi madera akumapiri ku Central ndi Central Asia, akukwera mpaka kutalika kwa mamita 1.3-6.1 zikwi pamwamba pa nyanja. Nyama yoyipa imakhala m'mapiri a Himalaya, Pamirs ndi Tibet, komanso Altai ndi Mongolia. Posachedwa, mitundu yazinyama zogawanika zinali zokulirapo, ndipo mapiri a mapiri amapezeka kwambiri kumwera chakumadzulo kwa Western Siberia, komanso kumwera chakumadzulo kwa Yakutia.
Pakadali pano, malo okhala a argali makamaka amatengera mawonekedwe a subspecies:
- Subpecies Ovis ammon ammon amapezeka m'mapiri a Gobi ndi Mongolia Altai, komanso pazitunda ndi m'mapiri a Eastern Kazakhstan, South-Eastern Altai, South-Western Tuva ndi Mongolia;
- Zigawo za Ovis ammon colllium zimapezeka kumapiri a Kazakh, kumpoto kwa Balkhash, Kalbinskiy Altai, Tarbagatai, Monrak ndi Saur;
- subspecies Ovis ammon hоdgsonii amapezeka m'dera lamapiri la Tibetan ndi Himalaya, kuphatikizapo Nepal ndi India;
- Zigawo za Ovis ammon karelini zimapezeka ku Kazakhstan, komanso ku Kyrgyzstan ndi China;
- Zigawo za Ovis ammon roli zimakhala m'chigawo cha Tajikistan ndi Kyrgyzstan, China, komanso Afghanistan;
- The subspecies Ovis ammon jubata amakhala m'mapiri a Tibetan;
- subspecies Ovis ammon sеvеrtzоvi amakhala kumadzulo kwa mapiri ku Kazakhstan, komanso madera ena a Uzbekistan.
Nkhosa zam'mapiri zimakonda malo otseguka, kuwalola kuyendayenda m'mapiri otsetsereka ndi kudera lamapiri, komanso mapiri audzu, omwe ali ndi zitsamba zambiri. Nyama yamphongo yokhala ndi ziboda zokhala ndi ziboda nthawi zambiri imapezeka m'miyala yamiyala ndi m'zigwa zokhala ndi miyala... Argali amayesetsa kupewa malo omwe amadziwika ndi nkhalango zowirira. Mbali yapadera ya subspecies yonse ndi nyengo yozungulira kusuntha.
Ndizosangalatsa! M'chilimwe, argali imakwera kumadera a alpine lamba wokhala ndi udzu watsopano, ndipo m'nyengo yozizira, nyama, m'malo mwake, imatsikira kudera lodyetserako opanda chipale chofewa.
Adani achilengedwe a nkhosa yamphiri
Mwa adani akulu a argali, mimbulu imakhala pamalo oyamba pakufunika. Kusaka nyama imeneyi pa nyama artiodactyl nyama kumawononga kwambiri anthu, chifukwa nkhosa phiri amakonda kukhala kwambiri ngakhale ndi lotseguka, komanso malo owoneka bwino.
Komanso, anthu okhala mu argali amachepetsedwa kwambiri chifukwa cha adani achilengedwe a nkhosa zamapiri monga kambuku wa chisanu, kambuku, mphalapala, cheetah, chiwombankhanga ndi chiwombankhanga chagolide. Mwazina, nkhosa zam'mapiri zimasakidwabe kwambiri ndi anthu omwe amapha nyama zogawanika kuti atenge nyama, zikopa ndi nyanga zamtengo wapatali.
Zakudya zomwe argali amadya
Nkhosa zamphiri zakutchire argali zimakhala m'gulu la zitsamba, ndichifukwa chake chakudya chachikulu cha artiodactyl chimayimiriridwa ndi masamba azitsamba osiyanasiyana, omwe amadziwika m'deralo komanso dera lomwe subspecies lilipo. Malinga ndi zomwe asayansi adazipeza, bovine argali imakonda tirigu kuposa mtundu wina uliwonse wa chakudya chomera.
Ndizosangalatsa!Ma subspecies onse ndi odzichepetsa, chifukwa chake, kuwonjezera pa mbewu monga chimanga, amadya sedge ndi hodgepodge mosangalala kwambiri komanso mochuluka.
Nyama yokhala ndi ziboda zogawanika sichiwopa nyengo yoipa komanso mvula yam'mlengalenga, chifukwa chake imadya msipu wokometsera ngakhale nthawi yamvula yambiri. Kupezeka kwa madzi a nkhosa yakumapiri sikofunikira tsiku lililonse, chifukwa chake chinyama chotere sichimatha kumwa kwa nthawi yayitali. Ngati ndi kotheka, argali imatha kumwa ngakhale madzi amchere.
Kubereka ndi ana
Pasanapite nthawi yaitali, nkhosa zamphiri zimagwirizana m'magulu ang'onoang'ono okwana mitu khumi ndi isanu. Kukula msinkhu mu argali yachikazi kumachitika kale mchaka chachiwiri cha moyo, koma kuthekera kwa nyama kuberekana kumapezeka pokhapokha atakwanitsa zaka ziwiri. Nkhosa yamphongo yamphiri imakhwima itakwanitsa zaka ziwiri, koma nyama imatenga gawo limodzi posachedwa, kuyambira zaka zisanu.
Mpaka pano, anyamata achichepere amatengeredwa nthawi zonse kuchokera kwa akazi ndi abale awo akulu kwambiri komanso akulu kwambiri. Nthawi yoyambira kwachimake yogwira siyofanana madera osiyanasiyana a nkhosa zam'mapiri. Mwachitsanzo, mwa anthu omwe amakhala ku Kyrgyzstan, nthawi yachilimwe imakondwerera mu Novembala kapena Disembala. Chikhalidwe cha nkhosa zamphongo zazikulu ndikutha kudzipangira okha omwe amatchedwa "harems", okhala ndi akazi asanu ndi atatu kapena kupitilira apo. Kuchuluka azimayi pa nkhosa yamphongo imodzi yamphongo yokhwima pogonana ndi pafupifupi anthu makumi awiri mphambu asanu.
Pamodzi ndi zazikazi, ziwetozi zimatha kukhala ndi nyama zingapo zosakhwima. Ogonana okhwima, koma alibe mphamvu zokwanira, anyamata achichepere a artiodactyls amtundu wa ng'ombe, omwe amakhala kutali ndi akazi ndi omenyana nawo olimba kwambiri komanso otukuka kwambiri, munthawi yovutayi nthawi zambiri amalumikizana m'magulu ang'onoang'ono omwe amayenda kutali ndi "harems" omwe adapangidwa.
Pakati pa nyengo yokhwima, amuna amtundu wa argali amadziwika ndi chisangalalo chachikulu ndipo amayesetsa kuthamangitsa akazi okhwima ogonana, chifukwa chake samakhala osamala. Ndi munthawi imeneyi osaka nyama ndi olusa alibe vuto lililonse kufikira mtunda wowopsa wa artiodactyls. Nkhondo zambiri zimachitika pakati pa abambo akuluakulu komanso okonzeka kukwatirana munthawi yovutayi, pomwe nyama zimasokonekera ndikubweranso pafupi, zikumenya pamphumi pawo ndi m'munsi mwa nyanga mwamphamvu zothamanga.
Ndizosangalatsa! Phokoso lalikulu lomwe likutsatira izi zimamveka m'mapiri ngakhale patali makilomita angapo. Nyengo ya rutting itatha, amuna amtundu wa argali amapatukanso azimayi onse ndipo, polumikizana m'magulu ang'onoang'ono, amakwera mapiri.
Nthawi yobereka ya argali wamkazi imakhala pafupifupi miyezi isanu kapena isanu ndi umodzi, pambuyo pake ana ankhosa amabadwa ndikutentha kwa kasupe. Asanayambike kubereka, nkhosa zazimayi zam'mapiri zimachoka pagulu lankhondo ndikufufuza malo amiyala osalimba kwambiri. Chifukwa chankhosa, mwalamulo, mwana wamwamuna mmodzi kapena awiri amabadwa, koma atatu amadziwikanso kuti amabadwa.
Kulemera kwapakati kwa ana ankhosa obadwa kumene kumadalira kuchuluka kwawo, koma, nthawi zambiri, sikupitilira 3.5-4.5 kg. Zizindikiro zakugonana, potengera kulemera kwake, pakubadwa ndizofooka kwambiri. Akazi obadwa kumene akhoza kukhala ocheperako pang'ono kuposa amuna. M'masiku oyambirira kwambiri amoyo, ana ankhosa omwe abadwa kumene ali ofooka komanso opanda chochita. Amabisala pakati pa miyala ikuluikulu kapena tchire. Pafupifupi tsiku lachitatu kapena lachinayi, ana ankhosa amakhala achangu kwambiri ndipo amatsatira amayi awo.
Ngati m'masiku oyamba, azimayi onse a nkhosa yamphiri amakonda kukhala okha, ndiye kuti pakatha milungu ingapo, anawo atakula pang'ono, amayamba kuyendayenda komanso amalumikizana m'magulu ochepa. Magulu ang'onoang'ono achikazi nawonso amaphatikizidwa ndi kukula kwachinyamata chaka chatha. Mkaka wa amayi umagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chakudya chachikulu cha ana ankhosa akumapiri mpaka pafupifupi nthawi yophukira. Mankhwala abwinowa komanso athanzi kwambiri samasiyana kwambiri ndi mkaka wa nkhosa zoweta chifukwa cha kapangidwe kake ndi kapangidwe kake.
Chakudya chobiriwira chimayamba kudyedwa pang'ono ndi ana ankhosa patangotha milungu ingapo atabadwa, ndipo nthawi yophukira idayamba, gawo lalikulu la achinyamata limadzidyetsa pawokha. Akazi, akamakula ndikukula, amawoneka otsalira kumbuyo kwamphongo kukula.
Ndizosangalatsa! Mountain argali imakula pang'onopang'ono komanso kwa nthawi yayitali, ndipo kukula pang'onopang'ono kwa amuna kumawonekera makamaka, komwe kumatha kukula pang'onopang'ono pafupifupi moyo wawo wonse.
Udindo wa anthu komanso kuteteza mitundu
Alenje am'deralo amawombera nkhosa zambiri zam'mapiri kuti atenge nyanga zawo, zomwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito mwakuchiritsa ndi mankhwala achikhalidwe ku China kuti akonze mitundu ingapo. Pafupifupi mitundu yonse yazinyama zokhala ndi ziboda izi imakhala m'malo ovuta kufikako, chifukwa chake ndizosatheka kuwongolera molondola kuchuluka kwawo.
Argali nthawi zambiri amasamukira kumalo odyetserako ziweto, pambuyo pake minda imakhala yosayenera kudyetsa nkhosa zam'mapiri... Kuchepa kwa kuchuluka kumakhudzidwanso kwambiri ndikusintha kwanyengo, nyengo yozizira kwambiri kapena yozizira kwambiri.
Argali kapena nkhosa zamapiri argali imaphatikizidwa mu Red Book of the Russian Federation, ndipo izi zimapangitsa kuti azitha kuzenga mlandu iwo omwe amasaka mosaloledwa artiodactyl yomwe ili pangozi. Monga machitidwe akuwonetsera, argali imatha kusamalidwa, komanso kuti amasungidwe bwino mu ukapolo wa nkhosa zamapiri ngati izi, ndikwanira kupereka cholembera chachikulu chokhala ndi mpanda wolimba komanso wolimba, komanso chipinda chokhala ndi omwera ndi odyetsa. Kubwezeretsa kuchuluka kwa mitunduyi, nyama zomwe zili pangozi zimasungidwa m'malo otetezedwa ndikusungidwa kumalo osungira nyama.
