Nkhandwe yofiira kapena nkhandwe yofiira (Vulres vulres) ndi nyama yodya nyama yomwe ili m'banja la canid. Pakadali pano, nkhandwe wamba ndizofala kwambiri komanso mitundu yayikulu kwambiri yamtundu wa nkhandwe.
Kufotokozera kwa nkhandwe wamba
Ankhandwe ofiira ndi chilombo chofala kwambiri mdziko lathu, chokhala m'kalasi la nyama zoyamwitsa komanso banja la canid... Nyama yotereyi ndiyofunika kwambiri pachuma monga nyama yamtengo wapatali yaubweya, komanso yowongolera kuchuluka kwa tizilombo ndi makoswe. Mwakuwoneka, nkhandwe ndi nyama yakutchire yapakatikati yokhala ndi mphuno yotambalala, thupi lokongola kwambiri komanso miyendo yotsika, yopyapyala.
Maonekedwe
Mtundu ndi kukula kwa nkhandwe zimakhala ndi kusiyana kwakukulu kutengera komwe akukhala. M'madera akumpoto, nyama yolusa ya mamalia imakhala ndi thupi lokulirapo komanso utoto wonyezimira wa malaya, ndipo kumwera, anthu ocheperako komanso ofiira amakhala ofala. Mwa zina, kumadera akumpoto, komanso kumapiri, kupezeka kwa mitundu yakuda-yakuda ndi mitundu ina ya nkhandwe kumadziwika nthawi zambiri.
Komabe, mtundu wofala kwambiri uli ndi msana wofiyira wowoneka bwino, m'mimba yoyera komanso mawendo amdima. Nthawi zambiri, nkhandwe zofiira zimakhala ndi mikwingwirima yofiirira yomwe ili pamphepete ndi m'mphepete mwa masamba, onga mtanda wowoneka. Kutalika kwakuthupi kwa chilombo wamkulu kumasiyana pakati pa 60-90 cm, ndipo mchira kutalika kwake ndi 40-60 cm wokhala ndi phewa kutalika kwa masentimita 35 mpaka 40. Kulemera kofananira kwa nkhandwe yokhwima pogonana kumatha kuyambira 6.0 mpaka 10.0 kg.
Ndizosangalatsa! Zomwe zimasiyanitsa nkhandwe wamba, mosatengera mtundu waukulu, kupezeka kwa makutu akuda mdima komanso chinsalu choyera kwambiri kumchira.
Mitundu ya Fox
Pakadali pano pali mitundu ing'onoing'ono ing'onoing'ono makumi anai kapena makumi asanu ya nkhandwe zofiira, kupatula mitundu yaying'ono kwambiri ya nyamayi. Pafupifupi ma subspecies khumi ndi asanu amakhala kudera la mayiko aku Europe, ndipo pafupifupi ma subspecies pafupifupi makumi atatu amadziwika m'malo ena achilengedwe.
Moyo ndi khalidwe
Chiwembu chomwe chimakhala ndi banja logonana kapena nkhandwe chimapatsa odyetsa osati chakudya chokwanira, komanso ndiyabwino kukonza maenje omwe nyamayi imakumba yokha. Nthawi zambiri, nkhandwe zimagwiritsa ntchito maenje opanda kanthu osiyidwa ndi mbira, nyongolotsi, nkhandwe ndi mitundu ina ya nyama zobowola.
Pali milandu yodziwika bwino pomwe nkhandwe imasinthira zosowa zake phando lina la nyama ina yamtchire, motero, imakhala mdzenje nthawi yomweyo ndi nyama monga, mbira.
Nthawi zambiri, nkhandweyo imakhazikika m'malo otsetsereka kapena pakati pa mapiri, omwe amaimiridwa ndi dothi lamchenga, lotetezedwa kunyanja ndi mvula, nthaka kapena madzi osungunuka.... Mulimonsemo, mzere wa chilombochi umakhala ndi mabowo angapo nthawi imodzi, komanso ngalande zazitali komanso chipinda chosungira zinthu. Nthawi zina, nkhandwe zimagwiritsa ntchito malo okhala mwachilengedwe ngati mapanga owala bwino komanso mapanga amiyala kapena mabowo mumtengo wakugwa wokugwa.
Ndizosangalatsa! Monga lamulo, nkhandwe zimagwiritsa ntchito malo okhala kwanthawi yayitali pokhapokha pakabadwa ndi kulera ana, ndipo nthawi yonseyi chilombocho chimakhutira ndikupuma m khola lotseguka, lokhala ndi udzu kapena chisanu.
Nkhandwe wamba, ikuyenda bata, imayenda molunjika, chifukwa chake, imasiya unyolo wowoneka bwino komanso wowoneka bwino. Nyama yowopsya imadziwika ndi kuthamanga mofulumira ndi kutsika pang'ono kwa thupi ndi mchira wokwanira. Masomphenya a chilombo amasinthidwa bwino nthawi yamdima yamasana, pomwe nyama imagwira ntchito kwambiri.
Pamodzi ndi nyama zina zolusa, nkhandweyo imagwira liwiro la mphezi kupita kulikonse, koma imazindikira mitundu, makamaka masana.
Utali wamoyo
M'mikhalidwe yakugwidwa, nthawi yayitali yamoyo wa nkhandwe imatha kufikira kotala la zana, ndipo nyama yolusa yomwe imakhalamo mwachilengedwe imatha kukhala zaka zosapitirira khumi.
Malo okhala ndi malo okhala
Nkhandwe wamba imakhala pafupifupi madera onse adziko lathu, kupatula tundra yakumpoto ndi zigawo zazilumba za Polar Basin, komwe nkhandwe ya Arctic imakhala mochuluka... Nyama yotereyi imasinthidwa bwino kukhala malo osiyanasiyana, chifukwa chake imapezeka kumapiri, taiga ndi tundra, komanso m'mapiri ndi m'chipululu. Komabe, mosasamala kanthu komwe amakhala, nkhandweyo imakonda malo otseguka kapena osatseguka.
M'dera la tundra ndi nkhalango-tundra, nyama zodya nyama zimatsatira nkhalango, zomwe zili m'zigwa za mitsinje komanso pafupi ndi nyanja. Malo abwino kwambiri, omwe ndi abwino kwa nkhandwe, akuyimiridwa ndi madera apakati ndi akumwera a dziko lathu, komwe madera ang'onoang'ono a nkhalango amalowetsedwa ndi mitsinje yambiri, mitsinje kapena minda.
Ngati nthawi yophukira-yozizira nyamayo imakhala nthawi yayitali m'malo otseguka, ndiye kuti pakayamba masika ndi chilimwe, panthawi yobereka, nyama yolusa imapita kumadera akutali kwambiri.
Zakudya zodziwika bwino za nkhandwe
Ngakhale ali mgulu la odyera ena, nkhandwe zimasiyana kwambiri. Chakudya cha nyama yotereyi chimayimiriridwa ndi mitundu mazana anayi ya nyama, komanso mitundu ingapo yamitundu yazomera. Komabe, pafupifupi kulikonse komwe chakudya cha nyama yoyamwa chimaphatikizapo makoswe ang'onoang'ono. Ndi kuyamba kwa nyengo yachisanu, nkhandwe imasaka makamaka ma voles.
Ndizosangalatsa! Kutundumuka ndi njira yosakira nkhandwe wamba, momwe nyamayo, yomwe imazindikira chivundikiro cha mbewa pansi pa chipale chofewa, imadumphira pansi pa chipale chofewa ndikulumpha mwachangu, komanso imamwaza ndi mapiko ake, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zosavuta kugwira nyama.
M'malo mwake zinyama zazikulu, kuphatikizapo mahatchi ndi ana a agwape, komanso mbalame ndi anapiye awo, sizimagwira nawo pang'ono chakudya champhaka. Anthu omwe amakhala mdera lamapululu komanso achipululu amasaka nyama zokwawa, ndipo nyama zolusa ku Canada ndi kumpoto chakum'mawa kwa Eurasia, zomwe zimakhala m'mphepete mwa nyanja, nthawi zina zimagwiritsa ntchito nsomba zomwe zidafa zitabala chakudya. M'chilimwe, nkhandwe imadya kafadala ndi tizilombo tina tambiri, komanso mphutsi zawo. Munthawi yanjala kwambiri, nyamakazi yodya nyama imatha kugwiritsa ntchito nyama yomwe yasonkhanitsidwa ngati chakudya. Masamba amaimiridwa ndi zipatso, zipatso ndi zipatso, komanso nthawi zina zamasamba.
Kubereka ndi ana
Chiyambi cha kubereka kwa nkhandwe wamba chimagwera pakati kapena kumapeto kwa dzinja, pomwe mkazi m'modzi amatha kutsatira nthawi yomweyo amuna asanu kapena asanu ndi mmodzi akugwedeza ndikumenyana. Pokonzekera kubadwa kwa ana, mkazi amatsuka bwino dzenje, ndipo atabereka ankhandwe, mayiwo amasiya kuchoka panyumba. Munthawi imeneyi, yamphongo imasaka, ikusiya nyama yake pakhomo lobooka.
Mu zinyalala, monga lamulo, pali zisanu kapena zisanu ndi chimodzi, zakhungu ndi zotsekedwa zotsekedwa, matupi awo omwe amakhala ndi ana afupiafupi amtundu wakuda. Kuyambira masiku oyamba kwambiri amoyo, ana amakhala ndi nsonga yoyera ya mchira. Kukula ndi chitukuko cha nkhandwe ndizachangu mokwanira. Ali ndi zaka ziwiri kapena zitatu zakubadwa, makanda adatsegula kale makutu ndi maso, komanso mano atuluka, motero pang'onopang'ono amayamba kutuluka mdzenje kukayesa chakudya "chachikulire".
Ndizosangalatsa!Ana omwe akukula panthawiyi amadyetsedwa ndi makolo onse awiri.
Kuyamwitsa mkaka sikungodutsa mwezi umodzi ndi theka, pambuyo pake anawo amayamba kuphunzira kusaka pang'onopang'ono. Monga lamulo, nkhandwe sizimalowa muuchikulire nyengo yophukira isanayambike. Monga momwe kuwonera kukuwonetsera, akazi achichepere ena amayamba kubereka chaka chamawa, koma nthawi zambiri amakhala okhwima ali ndi zaka chimodzi ndi theka mpaka zaka ziwiri. Amuna amakula msinkhu patatha chaka chimodzi kapena ziwiri.
Adani achilengedwe
Kukhalapo ndi mtundu wa adani a nkhandwe zimatengera komwe kumakhala... Adani odziwika omwe amasaka nkhandwe mwachindunji amaphatikizapo nyama zomwe zimakhala zazikulu komanso zazikulu. Nyama zolusa zoterezi zimaimiridwa ndi mimbulu, zimbalangondo, nkhandwe ndi nkhandwe, komanso mbalame zazikuluzikulu, kuphatikizapo chiwombankhanga, mphungu yagolide, mphamba ndi mphamba. Ma steppe ferrets, ma badger ndi ma ermine amathanso kuopseza nkhandwe.
Fox zoweta
Nkhandwe yodziwika bwino yakhala ikuweta bwino kwambiri ndipo nthawi zambiri imasungidwa ngati chiweto choyambirira komanso chodzichepetsa. Ngakhale ali mgulu la mayini, nkhandwe zoweta zimakhala ndimakhalidwe ambiri ofanana ndi amphaka. Mwachitsanzo, nkhandwe zimakonda kusewera, ndipo zimaphunziranso mosavuta kudzipulumutsa m'bokosi lapadera lazinyalala.
Nkhandwe imakhala ndi chidwi chambiri pamaphunziro komanso maphunziro oyambira. Chinyama choterocho chimazolowera kuyenda pa leash kapena pa chitsulo. Nthawi zambiri, zakudya zomwe nkhandwe zimadya nthawi zonse zimaphatikizira zakudya zapamwamba kwambiri zomwe zimapangidwira agalu oweta. Koma zakudya zoterezi ziyenera kuwonjezeredwa ndi zipatso, ndiwo zamasamba, zitsamba ndi zipatso.
Zofunika! M'mikhalidwe ya nkhandwe wamba kunyumba, chisamaliro chapadera chiyenera kuperekedwa pakutsatira mosamalitsa mayeso opewera komanso njira yothandizira katemera.
Mtengo wa ubweya wa nkhandwe
Kusungunuka kwa nyama kumayamba mozungulira February kapena Marichi, ndipo kumatha pafupi pakati pa nthawi yotentha... Pambuyo pa kusungunuka, kotchedwa ubweya wachisanu umayamba kukula mwachangu mu nkhandwe wamba, yomwe imapangidwa kwathunthu Novembala kapena Disembala. Ngati ubweya wachilimwe umadziwika ndi kaonekedwe kakang'ono kwambiri ka tsitsi lalifupi, ndiye kuti ubweya wachisanu umakhala wolimba komanso wobiriwira. Malinga ndi mtundu wa ubweya, mitundu yotsatirayi imasiyanitsidwa:
- nkhandwe yofiira wamba;
- nkhandwe zofiira;
- wamba nkhandwe mtanda;
- nkhandwe wamba wakuda.
Ubweya wa nyama yobala ubweyawu umakondedwa kwambiri ndi zotchingira zachinsinsi, komanso oimira misika ikuluikulu ya mafakitale ndi mafakitale. Ubweya wochuluka kwambiri umapezeka kumadera akumwera, ndipo zikopa zochokera kumadera akumpoto ndizochepa kwambiri, koma ndi zomwe zimawerengedwa kuti ndizapamwamba kwambiri.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Zaka zingapo zapitazo, ankhandwe anaphedwa mochuluka ndi alenje, omwe anali ngati njira yopewa kutuluka kwa malo achilengedwe a nkhandwe. M'zaka zaposachedwa, katemera wamlomo watsala pang'ono kuthetseratu kufunika kwazinthu zowopsa monga kuwombera nkhandwe mosalekeza.
Komabe, kuchuluka kwa nkhandwe wamba kumatha kusinthasintha kwakukulu, ndipo ngakhale pakufika bwino kwa malo ogawa, omwe akuyimiridwa ndi nkhalango ndi nkhalango, anthu amtunduwu ndi osakhazikika. Pakadali pano, kuchuluka kwa nkhandwe ndikokwanira, chifukwa chake, nyama yonyamayi siomwe ili m'gulu lachilengedwe kapena zamoyo zomwe zili mu Red Book.
