Nkhunda ndi imodzi mwa mitundu yotchuka kwambiri ya mbalame yomwe imapezeka kulikonse padziko lapansi. Malo awo ndi otakata kwambiri. Pafupifupi munthu aliyense woyenda paki kapena mumsewu wawonapo mbalame zokongola izi. Ndipo ndi anthu ochepa omwe amaganiza za mitundu ingati ya mbalamezi padziko lapansi, koma yoposa 300 ikudziwika pano.
Mitundu ya nkhunda
Mwa mitundu yonse ya nkhunda, imagawika nyama zakutchire, zokongoletsa, zapositi komanso, oddly mokwanira, nyama... Banja ili limaphatikizapo nkhunda ndi njiwa zamakamba, zomwe ndizofala ku Europe ndi kutsidya lina. Mitundu yayikulu kwambiri ya njiwa imapezeka ku South, Southeast Asia ndi Australia.
Ambiri mwa iwo amakhala m'malo amitengo, nthawi zambiri amakhala m'nkhalango zam'malo otentha. Mitundu ina, monga thanthwe lanthwe, yasinthiratu bwino kukhala zamoyo zam'mizinda ndipo imapezeka pafupifupi mumzinda uliwonse padziko lapansi.
Klintukh amatanthauza nkhunda zakutchire. Nthenga za mtunduwu zimakhala ndi mtundu wabuluu, khosi lokhala ndiubweya wobiriwira, chotupacho ndi chofiira, mapiko ake ndi otuwa buluu, ndipo pamiyendo pake pamakhala mikwingwirima yakuda. Malo okhala nkhunda izi ndi kumpoto kwa Kazakhstan, kumwera kwa Siberia, Turkey, Africa ndi China. Mbalame zimatha kusamuka ngati zimakhala m'malo ozizira. M'malo otentha amakhala moyo wongokhala.
Nkhunda yovekedwa korona imakhalanso ya nkhunda zakutchire, mtundu uwu umakhala mmaiko otentha, mwachitsanzo ku New Guinea. Malo ake okhalamo ndi nkhalango zanyontho, tchire la mango ndi nkhalango zotentha. Mbalameyi ili ndi dzina chifukwa chakapangidwe kake, komwe kakhoza kuwuka ndikugwa kutengera momwe mtima wa nkhunda umakhalira.
Ndizosangalatsa! Mmodzi mwa oimira akuluakulu a nkhunda ndi nkhunda nkhuni. Mchira umakhala wautali masentimita 15. Khosi la njiwa - lokhala ndi mtundu wobiriwira wobiriwira. Vyakhir imapezeka ku Europe ndi Asia. Amakonda chisa m'nkhalango kapena m'mapaki. Imalekerera mosavuta nyengo iliyonse.
Mwa mitundu ina ya nkhunda, yomwe imapangidwira makamaka chakudya, ndi bwino kudziwa mitundu ya King ndi English Modena. Nkhunda zotere zimabadwira m'minda yapadera.
Palinso nkhunda zonyamula ndi zowuluka. Koma pakadali pano, kuthekera kwawo kubwerera komwe amakhala sikosangalatsa kwa aliyense, zonunkhira zokongola ndi okonda mitundu, chifukwa njira zamakono zolankhulirana zakhalapo kale.
Maonekedwe, kufotokoza
Woimira wamkulu pabanjapo akuyenera kuwonedwa ngati njiwa yovekedwa korona yaku Papua New Guinea, kulemera kwake kumasiyana 1.7 mpaka 3 kg. Nkhunda yaying'ono kwambiri ndi nkhunda yamizeremizere yochokera ku Australia, yolemera magalamu 30 okha.
Ndizosangalatsa! Nkhunda si mbalame zazikulu kwambiri. Kutalika kwawo, kutengera mitundu, kumatha kusiyanasiyana pakati pa 15 mpaka 75 cm, ndi kulemera kwake kuyambira 30 g mpaka 3 kg.
Malamulo a mbalamezi ndi wandiweyani, okhala ndi khosi lalifupi komanso mutu wawung'ono. Mapikowo ndi otakata, ataliatali, nthawi zambiri amakhala omangika kumapeto, amakhala ndi nthenga zoyambira 11 ndi 10-15 yachiwiri. Mchira wa nkhunda ndi wautali, kumapeto kwake amatha kuloza kapena kutambalala, kuzungulira; Nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi nthenga za 12-14 mpaka 18 mu nkhunda zovekedwa nkhumba.
Mlomo nthawi zambiri umakhala wamfupi, osakhala wamtali, wowongoka, wowonda, nthawi zambiri wokhala ndi mawonekedwe m'munsi. Pansi pa mulomo pali malo opanda khungu lofewa lotchedwa sera. Kuphatikiza apo, pali khungu lopanda kanthu kuzungulira maso.
M'mitundu yambiri, chiwerewere (chosiyana pakati pa amuna ndi akazi) sichimawonetsedwa mu nthenga, ngakhale kuti amuna amawoneka okulirapo. Kupatula kokha ndi mitundu ina yam'malo otentha, mwa amuna omwe nthenga zake zimakhala ndi utoto wowala kwambiri.
Nthenga zake ndizolimba, zowirira, nthawi zambiri zimakhala zakuda, zofiirira kapena zonona, ngakhale kumadera otentha kulinso mitundu yowala, monga njiwa za motley. Miyendo nthawi zambiri imakhala yayifupi: zala zinayi zakumiyendo zitatu kutsogolo ndi imodzi kumbuyo, pomwe zimasinthidwa kuti ziziyenda pansi.
Ngakhale kukhala nkhunda kumatsimikizika mosavuta ndi mawonekedwe a morphological, mbalame zina zimafanana kunja ndi mabanja ena: pheasants, partges, parrot kapena turkeys.
Ndizosangalatsa! njiwa ya pheasant imawoneka ngati pheasant ndipo samawonedwa ngati njiwa ndi anthu ambiri.
Monga mbalame zina, nkhunda zimasowa chikhodzodzo cha ndulu. Akatswiri ena azachilengedwe akale anena molakwika kuti njiwa zilibe ndulu. Izi zikugwirizana bwino lomwe ndi chiphunzitso cha madzi amthupi anayi - kusapezeka kwa bile "kowawa" kunapatsa mbalame zina "umulungu". M'malo mwake, nkhunda zimakhala ndi ndulu, yomwe imabisala m'matumbo.
Malo okhala, malo okhala
Nkhunda zimayimilidwa kwambiri kumayiko onse kupatula South Pole... Amakhala m'mitundu yambiri yapadziko lapansi kuchokera ku nkhalango zowirira kupita kuzipululu, amatha kukhala pamtunda wa mamita 5000 pamwamba pa nyanja, komanso m'matawuni. Mitundu yambiri yamitundu yosiyanasiyana imapezeka ku South America ndi Australia, komwe amakhala makamaka m'nkhalango zam'madera otentha. Zoposa 60% yamitundu yonse ndizokhazokha, sizikupezeka m'makontinenti.
Mitundu ina, monga ngati nkhunda yamwala, imapezeka kwambiri kumadera ambiri padziko lapansi ndipo ndi mbalame wamba zam'mizinda. M'dera la Russia, mitundu 9 ya nkhunda imakhala kuthengo, kuphatikizapo nkhunda, miyala, clintuch, nkhunda yamatabwa, nkhunda yobiriwira yaku Japan, njiwa wamba, nkhunda yayikulu, yolira ndi nkhunda yaying'ono, komanso mitundu iwiri yosamukasamuka: njiwa yayifupi-pang'ono ndi njiwa zofiirira.
Moyo wa njiwa
Mitundu yakutchire ya nkhunda imatha kukhala m'mphepete mwa mitsinje, m'miyala ya m'mphepete mwa nyanja, m'zigwa. Kupezeka kwa malo olimapo kapena malo okhalamo anthu nthawi zonse kumakopa mbalame ngati chakudya, chifukwa chake ubale ndi anthu wakhala ukupangidwa kwazaka zambiri.
Mbalame sizinachedwe kuweta ndipo, atazindikira kuthekera kwawo, anthu amatha kuzichepetsera ndikuzigwiritsa ntchito pazolinga zawo. Mitundu ya njiwa zapositi ndi zouluka zimakhala pafupi ndi anthu, m'malo opangidwira izi. Pakadali pano, nkhunda zambiri zokongoletsa zimayamikiridwa ndi okonda ndi akatswiri a mbalame zokongola izi, pali zibonga ndi mayanjano padziko lonse lapansi.
Zakudya, chakudya cha njiwa
Ndizosangalatsa! Chakudya chachikulu cha nkhunda ndi chakudya chomera: masamba, mbewu ndi zipatso za zomera zosiyanasiyana. Zipatso nthawi zambiri zimameza zathunthu, kenako mbeuyo imatuluka. Mbewu nthawi zambiri zimakololedwa pansi kapena kumenyedwa mwachindunji kuchokera ku zomera.
Khalidwe losazolowereka limawoneka mu Galapagos Turtle Nkhunda - posaka mbewu, imanyamula nthaka ndi mulomo wake. Kuphatikiza pa kubzala chakudya, nkhunda zimadyanso tizilombo tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono, koma nthawi zambiri kuchuluka kwawo pazakudya zonse ndizochepa kwambiri. Mbalame zimamwa madzi, zimayamwa mkati - njira yosagwirizana ndi mbalame zina, ndipo pofunafuna madzi mbalamezi nthawi zambiri zimayenda maulendo ataliatali.
Kubereka, kutalika kwa moyo
Kubalana nkhunda kumatengera kuikira mazira... Wodziwa kubereketsa nkhunda amatha kuneneratu zakudyazo pasadakhale, popeza panthawiyi wamkazi samakhala wotakataka, samangoyenda pang'ono ndikukhala chisa nthawi zambiri. Khalidwe la nkhunda limakhala lodziwika bwino ndikamayikira masiku awiri kapena atatu. Nkhunda nthawi zambiri zimaikira mazira patadutsa masiku khumi ndi awiri kapena khumi ndi asanu mutakwerana.
Onse makolo amatenga nawo gawo pomanga chisa cha ana. Wamphongo amabweretsa zomangira zisa, ndipo mkazi amazipangira. Nthawi yayitali ya nkhunda kuthengo ndi pafupifupi zaka 5. Kunyumba, komwe kuli adani achilengedwe ochepa ndipo pali chisamaliro choyenera, zimatha mpaka zaka 12-15, pamakhala zochitika zapadera pomwe nkhunda zapakhomo zimakhala zaka 30.
Adani achilengedwe
Nkhunda zimakhala ndi adani ambiri achilengedwe... Kum'mawa kwa Europe, izi ndi zolusa nthenga zomwe zimagwira nyama yawo mlengalenga. Ikhoza kukhala khwimbi, chithaphwi, chodyera, mphamba ndi mbalame zina zodya nyama. Padziko lapansi, martens, ferrets, amphaka komanso makoswe ndi owopsa kwa nkhunda.
M'madera ena padziko lapansi komwe nkhunda ndizofala, pafupifupi nyama zonse zowononga zimakhala zowopsa pamtundu uwu wa mbalame. Mukasunga mbalamezi m'kachikopa, ndiye kuti muyenera kuchita zonse zomwe zingawonongetse nyama yowononga. Choopsa chachikulu, makamaka kwa anapiye ang'onoang'ono, ndi ferret komanso mbewa imvi yokha.
Chifukwa chiyani nkhunda ili mbalame yamtendere
Chikhulupiriro ichi chabwerera kalekale. Ankakhulupirira kuti, komabe, nkhunda ilibe ndulu motero ndi cholengedwa choyera komanso chokoma mtima, popeza ilibe bile komanso chilichonse choyipa ndi choyipa. Anthu ambiri amamulemekeza ngati mbalame yopatulika, kwa ena ndi chizindikiro cha chonde. Baibulo limatchulanso nkhunda yoyera yomwe idabweretsa mtendere.
Ndizosangalatsa! Wojambula wotchuka padziko lonse P. Picasso adabweretsa lingaliro lamakono la "nkhunda - chizindikiro chamtendere". Mu 1949, adapereka chithunzi chosonyeza nkhunda yomwe ili ndi nthambi ya azitona pamlomo pake. Kuchokera nthawi imeneyo, chithunzi cha nkhunda ngati mbalame yamtendere chayamba kuzika mizu.
Nkhunda ndi munthu
Nkhunda ndi munthu amalumikizidwa ndi mbiri yakale. M'mbuyomu, pomwe kunalibe njira zamakono komanso zodalirika zolumikizirana, amagwiritsidwa ntchito popereka makalata. Nkhunda zanyama zinkadziwikanso kwambiri. Nkhunda ili ndi malo ambiri pachikhalidwe; amatchulidwanso m'Baibulo ndi nthano zaku Sumeriya. M'masiku amakono pali chikhalidwe chonse cha "njiwa", ndi dziko lotsekedwa kwathunthu ndi malamulo ake ndi mfundo zake.
Nkhunda zonyamula
Pali mitundu yambiri ya nkhunda zonyamulira, koma yotchuka kwambiri ndi 4: miyala yamtengo wapatali ya ku England, Flanders, kapena Brussels, Antwerp ndi Luttich. Onse ndi achikulire msinkhu ndipo samasiyana ndi ena kupatula "kumverera kwawo." Mitundu iyi ya nkhunda imasiyana ndi anzawo pakuuluka mwachangu mpaka 100 km / h komanso kupirira kwapadera. Pakadali pano, pakasowa makalata a nkhunda atatha, mtunduwo umakhala ndi chidwi pakati pamasewera.
Nkhunda zapakhomo
Nkhunda zoweta zimasungidwa makamaka kuti zikhale zokongola, nthawi zambiri zimasungidwa kuti zikhale nyama. Amasiyana mosiyanasiyana ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana. Taganizirani za mitundu yotchuka kwambiri ya nkhunda zoweta.
Masiku ano tippler nkhunda mtundu ndi imodzi mwa otchuka kwambiri ku Ulaya.... Ponena za okonda njiwa ku Russia, oweta nkhuku odziwa bwino ntchito yawo akhala akudziwapo kale za akuba ndipo ambiri amafuna kukhala nawo, koma nthawi zina zimakhala zovuta kupeza nkhunda zotere pano, ngakhale sizichitika kawirikawiri.
Ngati timalankhula za mawonekedwe, ndiye kuti ma tipplers alibe zachilendo - nthenga zawo ndi zotuwa pang'ono pang'ono pakhosi. Thupi liyenera kuwunikiridwa; oimira mtunduwu amadziwika ndi thupi lamphamvu komanso lamphamvu. Ma Tipplers amakhalanso ndi mawonekedwe othawa kwambiri. Mndandanda wa nkhunda za kupirira zamitunduyi ndiwokwera kwambiri; osayima, mbalame zimauluka m'mlengalenga kwa maola pafupifupi 20.
Ndizosangalatsa! Ma hryvnias ndi mbalame zoweta, zomwe zidapangidwa ndi akatswiri aku Russia.
M'madera a Russia, mtundu uwu ndiwodziwika kwambiri. Monga momwe dzinalo likusonyezera, mane ali ndi mane wamkulu pamutu pake. Nthawi zambiri, ma manes amakhala ndi nthenga zoyera, ndipo pamakhala pakhosi paliponse paliponse paliponse pofiira pena paliponse pathupipo.
Armavir cosmachines nawonso adatulutsidwa ndi akatswiri aku Russia. Sadziwika ndi magwiridwe antchito othamanga; pafupifupi, amatha pafupifupi maola 1.5-2 mlengalenga. Kutalika kwawo kwakutali kulinso kotsika, sikungafikire mita 100. Komabe, mwambiri, nkhunda izi zimauluka bwino kwambiri. Mbalamezi zimauluka mosavuta komanso popanda vuto lililonse, zimatha kumenya kasanu kuti zilowe pamtengo, ndipo zikatsika, nthawi zambiri "zimazungulira" ndikungotembenuka m'mwamba.
