Pokambirana ngati kuli kotheka kupatsa nsomba amphaka, palibe njere ya choonadi yomwe yapezeka. Gulu "ayi" lochokera kwa akatswiri a sayansi ya zamoyo limatsutsana mosagwirizana ndi zomwe zimachitika kwa okonda mphaka, omwe vaska yawo idapulumuka mpaka imvi, ndikudya nsomba zokha.
Ubwino ndi kuipa kwa nsomba mumphaka
Mukachotsa mphika wa mphaka ndikumutumizira buledi waulere, azikumbukira kuti njala si luso la amayi ake omwe aiwalika ndipo ayamba kusaka nyama zing'onozing'ono, monga makoswe, mbalame, amphibiya (newt ndi achule), zokwawa (abuluzi ndi njoka), nyama zopanda mafupa komanso, kumene, nsomba. Lolani mphaka wanjala kumtunda ndipo mudzawona momwe mwakachetechete, ndikugunda kamodzi kwa dzanja lake, imagwira nsomba yosazindikira.
Ubwino wa nsomba
Ndizosadabwitsa kuti amphaka ambiri amataya mitu yawo chifukwa cha nsomba: pali zochepa zothandiza kwambiri komanso nthawi yomweyo chakudya chosavuta kugaya padziko lapansi.... Ngakhale mitundu yamafuta okwera kwambiri samakhala ndi mafuta opitilira 25-30%, ndipo mapuloteni a nsomba amaposa mapuloteni amtundu uliwonse pakufulumira kwa chimbudzi komanso kupezeka kwa amino acid wapadera. Kodi tinganene chiyani za omega-3 ndi omega-6 fatty acids odziwika bwino, omwe amathandizira minyewa yam'mimba / yamtima poyang'anira njira zama cell. Pali zambiri mwazida izi zamtundu wamafuta, monga:
- Salimoni;
- nsomba ya makerele;
- nsomba;
- Salimoni;
- Utawaleza wa utawaleza;
- hering'i;
- sadini.
Nsomba ndizowonjezera mavitamini amchere oyandama, pomwe mavitamini A, D, E amalumikizana molingana ndi chitsulo, calcium, zinc, phosphorous, magnesium ndi selenium. Omwe amakhala munyanja amawonjezera ayodini, cobalt ndi fluorine pamndandanda.
Ndizosangalatsa! Pali mapuloteni ochepa omwe amalumikizidwa ndi mapuloteni a nsomba, ndipo ngakhale omwe amaimiridwa makamaka ndi collagen, yomwe imasinthidwa kukhala gelatin (mawonekedwe osungunuka). Ndiye chifukwa chake nsombayo imawira nthawi yomweyo, ndipo m'mimba imagonjetsedwa ndi madzi am'mimba popanda kukana.
Pachifukwa chomwecho, mapuloteni am'madzi amatenga 93-98%, ndi mapuloteni anyama - ndi 87-89% yokha.... Nutritionists amakonda nsomba chifukwa cha mafuta ochepa: 100 g ya nsomba zamtsinje zimapatsa thupi 70-90 kcal, pomwe ng'ombe - pafupifupi kuwirikiza kawiri.
Kuchuluka kwa mapuloteni mumitundu yosiyanasiyana ya nsomba kumasiyanasiyana. Akuluakulu a dongosolo la nsomba (nsomba, nsomba zoyera, nsomba, utawaleza mumapezeka nsomba), tuna, komanso sturgeon (stellate sturgeon ndi beluga) ndi nkhokwe mapuloteni.
Ngozi ndi kuvulaza
Tsopano tiyeni timvere zonena za madotolo, akatswiri a sayansi ya zamoyo ndi okonda mphaka, omwe ziweto zawo zavutika chifukwa chodya kwambiri nsomba. Mndandanda wa zodandaula umaphatikizapo zinthu pafupifupi khumi ndi ziwiri.
Kutulutsa urolithiasis. Ili ndilo mlandu wofala kwambiri wotsutsana ndi nsomba. Kupezeka kwake pamenyu nthawi zonse akuti kumapangitsa kuti impso zizigwira bwino ntchito komanso kwamikodzo, ndikuwonetsa kusokonekera kwa michere ndi michere yambiri.
Zofunika! Posachedwa, akuti adachotsa miyala yamchikhodzodzo ndi impso zomwe zimangoyikidwa m'zinyama zokhazokha. Zotsatira zake, ICD imayamba pakubereka amphaka osati opanda mphamvu zamwamuna.
Kupsinjika kwa okosijeni. Zimapezeka mu amphaka omwe amadya chakudya chaiwisi cha nsomba. Ali ndi vuto loyeserera kwa redox, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale kuwongolera kwama radicals owopsa.
Kulephera kwa calcium. Chodabwitsa, koma nsomba zonse, khungu ndi mafupa zimakhala ndi calcium yochepa kwambiri. Poyerekeza ndi kuchuluka kwa phosphorous (ndi mtundu wachilengedwe wa zakudya), izi zidakumananso ndimatenda amikodzo.
Kunenepa kwambiri. Amayamba chifukwa cha kusowa kwa vitamini E, kuphatikiza mafuta ochulukirapo. Mu mphaka, minofu ya adipose imatuluka, chovalacho chimatha, ulesi umawonekera, kutentha kumakwera ndipo chilakolako chimazimiririka. Panniculitis (matenda achikasu achikasu), amphaka sayenera kusisitidwa chifukwa ndiopweteka kulekerera ngakhale kukhudza kosakhwima kwambiri.
Kusokonezeka kwa kagayidwe kake. Zimachitika chifukwa chosowa vitamini B1, yomwe imakhudzidwa munjira zonse zamagetsi. Iwonongedwa ndi enzyme yapadera (thiaminase) yokhazikika pamutu ndi mkati mwa nsombazo. Nsomba zoopsa kwambiri za thiaminase zimadziwika ngati pike, carp, bream, smelt, whitefish, minnow, catfish, chub, ide, herring, herring, capelin, sardinella, sardine, smelt, nsomba, carpian crucian, tench, chebak, burbot, sprat, hamsa, sprat , magpie, sea catfish, eelpout ndi nyanja bream.
Thiaminase imasowa nthawi yophika theka la ola, koma panthawiyi nsomba nawonso imataya zinthu zofunikira... Benfotiamine (mavitamini B1) omwe amatha kusungunuka mafuta) amatha kuwonjezeredwa pachakudya cha paka, chomwe chimayamwa kuposa thiamine.
Kuperewera kwa magazi m'thupi. Nthawi zina zimayamba chifukwa chodya nsomba zatsopano zomwe zimakhala ndi trimethylamine oxide (TMAO). Amamanga chitsulo, kuchichotsa kuti sichingathe kuyamwa. Kuchepa kwa magazi kumachitika amphaka omwe amadyetsedwa:
- nyerere yogwira m'nyengo yozizira;
- chikwapu;
- pollock;
- capelin;
- haddock;
- hake ya siliva
- Zolemba za Esmark;
- buluu woyera ndi mitundu ina.
Trimethylamine oxide imachedwetsa kukula kwa mphonda, ndipo mwa akulu zimayambitsa kusabereka. TMAO imavundikiranso mukaphika, koma ngati pali nsomba zambiri zam'madzi zomwe zimadyedwa, zotsalazo ziyenera kukhala zoyenerera, chifukwa chitsulo kuchokera kuzinthu zanyama chimakhala chosavuta. Njira ina ndikupatsa paka yanu chitsulo chowonjezera chachitsulo.
Hyperthyroidism. Matendawa, malinga ndi US Environmental Protection Agency, amayamba chifukwa chodya kwambiri nsomba. Mu 2007, anthu aku America adachita kafukufuku yemwe adawonetsa kuti chithokomiro chopitilira muyeso chinali chowoneka kasanu ku amphaka omwe amadya nsomba zamzitini kuposa omwe amadya nyama.
Kuwukira kwa helminthic. Chifukwa chake gwero la opisthorchiasis (lomwe limakhudzanso kapamba, ndulu ndi chiwindi) limatha kukhala nsomba za carp. Mwa iwo simukhala mphutsi zokha zomwe zimayambitsa opisthorchiasis, komanso ma helminths ena, mwachitsanzo, tapeworm.
Kuchepetsa magazi. Nsomba sizingathe kuthandizira kupanga vitamini K, yomwe imayambitsa kuundana moyenera. Chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa vitamini K, amphaka odalira nsomba nthawi zambiri amafa. Chifukwa cha imfa ndi kukha mwazi m'mimba ndi chiwindi. Si akatswiri onse azachipatala omwe amalimbikitsa kugwiritsa ntchito menadione, m'malo mwa mavitamini K osungunuka ndi madzi, chifukwa ndi owopsa. Menadion adapangidwanso ku USSR motsogozedwa ndi dzina la Vikasol.
Matenda am'mimba. Zimachitika chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa mafuta amkati kapena kudyetsa kosasangalatsa, pomwe mphaka umangopatsidwa mkaka, caviar kapena mitu ya nsomba. Mukamadula nsomba, dziwani mafuta ake ndi diso kuti muteteze chiweto chanu kutsekula m'mimba.
Kuvulala kwa mafupa. Mafupa a nsomba amakhala ndi mafupa owopsa (ang'ono ndi akulu) omwe amakakamira mosavuta m'kholingo, m'mero komanso m'matumbo.
Zakudya zovuta. Potengera pafupipafupi momwe thupi limayambira (chifukwa cha histamine), nsomba ili mu TOP-3 yazinthu zowopsa kwambiri pankhaniyi.
Scombroid poyizoni. Dzinalo limachokera kubanja la mackerel (Latin Scombridae), lomwe limaphatikizaponso mackerel, mackerel, tuna ndi mitundu yofananira. Pano, histamine imadziwikanso, yomwe imakhala ngati poizoni wotulutsidwa pakutha kwa bakiteriya kwa mackerel. Kwa poyizoni wa scombroid, monga momwe zimakhalira ndi chifuwa, antihistamines amalimbikitsidwa.
Mkulu kawopsedwe. Zimafotokozedwa ndi kupezeka kwa ma heavy metal salt, mankhwala ophera tizilombo ndi zina zotsekemera, kuphatikizapo dioxins ndi chlorobiphenyls, m'matupi amadzi. Omalizawa samangowonetsa poizoni wokha, komanso kulimbikira kwabwino: amadzipezera m'thupi kwa zaka zambiri, pomwe osawonongeka.
Ndizosangalatsa! Minda yamafuta ndi malo oberekera ma chlorbiphenyls, omwe amapezeka mu nsomba zosungunuka ndi mafuta, omwe amapatsidwa nsomba. Malinga ndi magazini ya Science, nsomba za m'mafakitale zimakhala ndi ma chlorobiphenyl ochulukitsa kasanu kuposa nsomba zamtchire.
Poyang'ana kumbuyo kwa zonse zomwe zanenedwa, kutulutsa kotsiriza kumawoneka kopanda vuto, koma kumatha kuwononga moyo wa wokonda mphaka ndikumva kununkhira kwakukulu: ndowe za amphaka omwe amadalira nsomba (makamaka pollock) ndi fungo losaneneka.
Ndi nsomba zamtundu wanji zomwe mungapatse mphaka wanu
Amphaka ambiri amakonda kununkhiza / kulawa kwa nsomba, ndipo akazolowera, amanyalanyaza zakudya zina.... Posankha pakati pa anthu okhala m'madzi ndi madzi oyera, ndibwino kukhala pazoyambilira (zokhala ndi mchere wambiri).
Kenako, yang'anani mitundu yomwe simapeza chuma chambiri:
- Salimoni;
- pollock, hering'i;
- sardines ndi hake;
- anchovies ndi catfish;
- tilapia ndi haddock;
- nsomba za m'nyanja zikuluzikulu ndi mitsinje;
- flounder ndi kuyera.
Wogulitsa nsomba zokoma kwambiri, zathanzi komanso zopanda vuto (akukula kuthengo) ndi banja la salimoni: nsomba ya pinki, nsomba, nsomba ya chum, nsomba, nsomba zofiira, chinook nsomba, coho salmon, brown trout, omul, whitefish, char, taimen, grayling ndi lenok.
Kwa amphaka achikulire komanso onenepa kwambiri, mitundu yopanda mafuta monga European flounder, halibut, cod, hake ndi haddock ndioyenera. Ngati mukupereka nsomba, kaya yaiwisi kapena yophika, chotsani mafupa ngati zingatheke. Odwala ena amaumirira kugwiritsa ntchito nsomba yaiwisi (!) Cod, komwe kulibe helminths.
Ndi nsomba ziti zomwe siziyenera kupatsidwa amphaka
Nsomba zonse za mumtsinje / m'nyanja zimawopseza baleen, makamaka kwa iwo omwe amadalira eni ake... Kumidzi vaska, ozolowera nsomba zazing'ono, osatsamwa ndi mafupa, koma ndibwino kuti amphaka amzindawu azitumikanso nsomba zodulidwa, zomwe zimachotsedwa mafupa akuthwa.
Zofunika! Ngakhale piki zazikulu ndi carps, momwe muli mafupa ang'onoang'ono komanso akuthwa, ndizowopsa. Osadyetsa amphaka capelin, sprat, whitening whiting, pollock ndi saury. Sizothandiza kwenikweni. Kuphatikiza apo, Alaska pollock amakhala ndi mgwalangwa pakati pa nsomba potengera mutu.
Ngati sizingatheke kupaka mphaka wanu ndi nsomba zabwino, onjezerani omega-3 ndi omega-6 kukonzekera, monga Nutricoat kapena Brewers yisiti, pachakudya chake.
