Border Collie ndi mtundu wa agalu oweta ziweto omwe ndi odziwika mdziko lathu komanso pakati pa oweta agalu akunja, obadwira ku UK. Kafukufuku wopangidwa ndi akatswiri aku Britain University atsimikizira kuti Border Collie ndiye galu wanzeru kwambiri pamitundu yonse yomwe ikudziwika masiku ano.
Mbiri ya komwe kunachokera
Kutchulidwa koyamba kwa mtunduwu kuli ndi zaka zosakwana 500. Amakhulupirira kuti dzina la mtunduwo limachokera ku malo omwe akuyimiridwa ndi malire a madera a England ndi Scotland.... Komabe, pakadali pano ndizovuta kudziwa motsimikiza za mtunduwo. Mtundu waukuluwo umatengera lingaliro loti makolo a boarder adalumikizana ndi agalu abusa wamba, koma adayambitsidwa ndi ma Vikings.
Ndizosangalatsa! Chifukwa cha malaya okongola komanso owoneka bwino, komanso nkhope yokongola, ma collies am'mbali anali ndi mawonekedwe abwino komanso okongoletsa, ndipo Mfumukazi Victoria idakondana kwambiri.
Malongosoledwe athunthu oyamba amtunduwu adayamba koyambirira kwa zaka za m'ma 1800. Nyamazo zidatenga nawo gawo pamipikisano ya ziweto, cholinga chake chinali kusankha agalu okhala ndi machitidwe abwino kwambiri, osatengera mawonekedwe akunja. Komabe, kunja kwa Broder Collie ndikosangalatsa - chinyama ndichokongola kwambiri komanso chokongola, osati chachikulu kwambiri. Mu 1976, mtunduwo udadziwika mu kalabu ya Chingerezi, ndipo zaka khumi ndi ziwiri pambuyo pake, malire-coli adaphatikizidwa pamndandanda wa FCI.
Kufotokozera, maonekedwe a collie malire
Border Collie ndi galu wokoma mtima kwambiri, wodziwika ndi mamangidwe ofanana, olimba komanso olimba chimango. Kutalika kwa amuna kumakhala pakati pa 47.5-55.0 cm, ndi kutalika kwa hule ndi 45.0-52.5 masentimita olemera makilogalamu 13.5 mpaka 22.5.
Chovalacho chimatha kutalika kapena kutalika. Pazochitika zonsezi, chovala chamkati chokhala bwino komanso chothina kwambiri chimadziwika, chomwe chimakhala chitetezo chabwino kwambiri cha nyama munyengo yovuta. Mitundu yoyera imadziwika ndi yoyera yoyera.
Miyezo ya ziweto
Malinga ndi mtundu wa FCI, miyezo yotsatirayi yakhazikitsidwa pamtundu wa Border Collie:
- chigaza chachikulu chokhala ndi mawonekedwe osadziwika kwambiri a occipital;
- chigaza chofanana kutalika ndi kutsogolo kwa mphuno, cholimba ndikuthina m'mphuno;
- pali kusintha kotchulidwa bwino kuchokera kumalo oyandikira kupita kumphutsi;
- mphuno yokhala ndi mphuno zodziwika bwino imatha kukhala yakuda, yabulauni kapena shale;
- otalikirana kwambiri, nthawi zambiri maso amtundu wofiirira, chowulungika ndi kukula pang'ono;
- makutu a kukula kwapakatikati, otambalala pang'ono, owongoka kapena owongoka;
- mano olimba ndi nsagwada zopangidwa bwino ndi kulumidwa kosalala komanso kosangalatsa nthawi zonse zimakhalapo;
- khosi lolimba komanso lamphamvu ndilopindika pang'ono ndipo limafutukuka kulunjika kumaphewa;
- thupi la masewera, lokhala ndi nthiti zotumphuka;
- chifuwa ndi chakuya komanso chokulirapo pang'ono;
- dera lumbar ndi lakuya komanso laminyewa, silimamangika konse;
- mzere wa otsetsereka kumbuyo bwino kwa otsetsereka pang'ono, ndi wautali ndi lonse, croup minofu;
- mchira ndiwotsika, ndi malaya abwino, osaponyera kumbuyo;
- otsogola amadziwika ndi dongosolo lofananira komanso kukhalapo kwa fupa lolimba, koma osati lolemera;
- yotakasa ndi yokwanira minofu yakumbuyo miyendo ndi kupindika wokongola pa caudal m'munsi;
- dera la ntchafu ndilotalika, lakuya komanso laminyewa, lolongosoka bwino pamafundo a bondo ndi kukhazikika, mwamphamvu, ma hocks otsika;
- zikhasu ndizowulungika, zokhala ndi ziyangoyango zakuya, zokhala ndi misomali yayifupi komanso yolimba.
Kusunthaku ndi kwaulere, koma kofewa, ndikutuluka pang'ono kwa zikopa, zomwe zimapereka chithunzi cha "chozemba".
Tsitsi lokutira limakhala lolimba, ndikulimba kwapakatikati. Pali mkanjo wamkati wofewa bwino komanso wandiweyani. Chinyama chokhala ndi chovala chachitali chimakhala ndi mane, "mathalauza" ndi "mchira wa nkhandwe".
Chovalacho sichikhala ndi fungo labwino ndipo sichitha kwambiri panthawi yokhetsa... Pamalo pamphuno, makutu, gawo lakumbuyo ndi miyendo yakumbuyo, malaya amayenera kukhala amafupika komanso osalala kwambiri.
Malire a collie
Border Collie ndi galu wofulumira komanso wamphamvu kwambiri. Mtunduwo umadziwika ndi kutengeka, nzeru ndi kuzindikira, umafunikira kupsinjika kwakuthupi ndi kwamaganizidwe. Amasamala akunja, ndipo m'banja amadziwika ndi kumvera, udindo komanso kuzindikira kwa onse omuzungulira.
Ndizosangalatsa! Border Collie ndioyenera kwambiri pamitundu yonse yomwe imadziwika masiku ano chifukwa chothamanga komanso mpikisano wama freestyle.
Muyenera kuyamba kuphunzitsa galu wachinyamata pafupifupi miyezi isanu ndi itatu. Nyamayo ndi yokhulupirika kwambiri kwa eni ake, anzeru kwambiri komanso ophunzitsidwa bwino kuyambira ali aang'ono. Sichisonyeza wamanyazi kapena wankhanza. Ali ndi luso lalikulu.
Utali wamoyo
Ngati Border Collie amasamalidwa bwino, chakudya chopatsa thanzi komanso chopatsa thanzi, komanso gawo lochita masewera olimbitsa thupi kuyambira ali aang'ono kwambiri, nthawi yayitali yokhala ndi chiweto ndi zaka khumi ndi zitatu, ndipo nthawi zina kuposa pamenepo.
Kusunga collie wakunyumba kunyumba
Mtunduwo ndiwodzichepetsa kwathunthu posamalira. Wanyama wamiyendo inayi sangayambitse vuto ngakhale kwa oweta agalu oyamba kumene.
Njira zofananira, posunga mtundu wotere kunyumba, ndizodzikongoletsa bwino kwa malaya, kusamba kwa ziweto nthawi ndi nthawi, kudula ndi njira zina zaukhondo, komanso kupanga zakudya zabwino.
Kusamalira ndi ukhondo
Ana agalu amayenera kuyenda kangapo masana, zomwe zimalola kuti nyamayo isangogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zowonjezerazo, komanso kuthandizira kuzolowera chiweto chamiyendo inayi kuchimbudzi cha tsiku ndi tsiku.
Ngati ndi kotheka, amafunika kutsuka pang'ono maso ndi makutu, ndikuzolowetsa nyama kuzinthu izi kuyambira ali aang'ono kwambiri. Kuyeretsa makutu anu kuyenera kuchitidwa mosamala kwambiri, pogwiritsa ntchito nsalu yofewa komanso mafuta aukhondo.... Kukongoletsa tsitsi mwa kusamba kumachitika kawiri kapena katatu pamlungu.
Chochitika choterocho chimakulolani kuchotsa tsitsi lakufa ndikulimbikitsa kukula kwa malaya atsopano. Kusamba, ma shampu apadera amagwiritsidwa ntchito, omwe ayenera kusankhidwa molondola kutengera mtundu wa ubweya.
Zakudya - zomwe mungadyetse collie wa m'malire
Chakudya chabwino cha Border Collie ndi gawo lofunikira posunga mtunduwo kunyumba. Zakudyazo ziyenera kukhala ndi michere yokwanira, komanso mavitamini ndi michere yokwanira kuti nyama ikule ndikukula. Musaletse galu wanu kupeza madzi abwino komanso oyera, makamaka ngati chakudya chouma chofunikira chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kudyetsa. Chakudya cha tsiku ndi tsiku chiyenera kukhala pafupifupi 50% ya nyama, nsomba ndi zinyalala.
Ndizosangalatsa! Kudyetsa agalu amtunduwu sikusiyana munjira zina, koma kuyenera kutsogozedwa ndi zoyendetsa nyama ndi msinkhu wake.
Ana agalu opatsidwa chakudya ayenera kupatsidwa mkaka wapadera. Zotsatira zabwino zimapezeka pogwiritsa ntchito chisakanizo chokometsera, chomwe chimayimiriridwa ndi mazira, shuga ndi mkaka ndikuwonjezera mavitamini apadera ndi mchere.
Nyama yayikulu imafunika kudyetsedwa kangapo patsiku, zomwe zimachepetsa chiopsezo chokhala ndi vuto la kugaya chakudya... Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti chimbudzi choyenera cha m'malire chimadalira kupatsa chiweto mokwanira, komanso kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi.
Matenda ndi zofooka za mtundu
Mtunduwo umadziwika ndi kupirira komanso thanzi labwino. Komabe, kuphatikiza mitundu ina, ma collies am'malire nawonso atengeka ndi matenda ena omwe ali osiyana nawo, omwe atha kuyimilidwa ndi:
- khunyu;
- kobadwa nako kugontha;
- zovuta zam'maso, kuphatikizapo retrophy atrophy;
- kutulutsa osteochondritis;
- kuchuluka kwa chiwopsezo cha mankhwala ochokera ku gulu la mankhwala oletsa ululu;
- dysplasia ya mafupa a m'chiuno;
- khansa.
Pofuna kuteteza thanzi la chiweto chamiyendo inayi, mwini wake akuyenera kupatsa chiweto mayeso a ziweto nthawi zonse, komanso katemera wa panthawi yake motsutsana ndi matenda ofala kwambiri.
Gulani malire collie - maupangiri ndi zidule
Chikhalidwe cha mtundu wa Border Collie ndikumatha kugwira ntchito ya mbusa pamtundu wamtundu, chifukwa chake, nyama zomwe zimagulitsidwa ndi oweta akatswiri zilibe ndewu. Kokani nyama zomwe zilibe ufulu kapena nzeru.
Mpikisano wapadziko lonse lapansi komanso mayiko amatheketsa kuzindikira nyama zomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito posankha ndi kuswana, kotero obereketsa onse ali ndi chidwi chochita nawo zochitika ngati izi.
Komwe mungagule, zomwe muyenera kuyang'ana
Njira yabwino kwambiri yogulira mwana wagalu Wamalire ndi ochokera kuzinja zazimuna. Nyama yobadwira mdziko lathu siinakhale yotsika konse pamtundu uliwonse komanso mawonekedwe amtundu uliwonse kwa ana agalu ochokera kwa oweta akunja.
M'zaka zaposachedwa, mtunduwu udasankhidwa kukhala wapadziko lonse lapansi, chifukwa chake, posankha mwana wagalu, ndikofunikira kutsogozedwa ndi cholinga china cha nyama. Monga galu wothandizana naye komanso bwenzi lapabanja, mutha kugula ana agalu oyenda komanso ogwira ntchito ochepa.
Zofunika! Kuti mutenge nawo mbali pazowonetsa ndi ziwonetsero, ndibwino kugula nyama yodekha ndi mawonekedwe owoneka bwino kwambiri.
Border Collie Galu Mtengo
Mtengo wa mwana wagalu umadalira pazinthu zambiri, koma zifukwa zazikulu ndi mitu ndi zovala za makolo a nyama, kalasi yake, ndi udindo wa kennel.
Ana agalu oyeserera sangathe kutenga nawo mbali pazowonetsa ndipo sagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti abereke, zomwe zimachitika chifukwa cha zovuta zina zomwe sizimakhudza thanzi la nyama.
Mtengo wapakati wagalu wotere umayamba kuchokera ku ruble zikwi 15... Nyama ya "mtundu wamagulu" nthawi zambiri imapezeka kuti ibereke. Mulimonse momwe zingakhalire, ana agalu amtunduwu amawononga ma ruble osachepera 18-25 zikwi.
Ana agalu owonetsera amtengo wapatali kwambiri. Ndiwo nyama zomwe zimachita nawo ziwonetsero nthawi zonse ndipo ali mgulu la oimira mitundu yowunikira. Kugulidwa kwa mwana wagalu m'kalasiyi kumatha kutenga "zozungulira" zonse, chifukwa mtengo umayamba kuchokera ku 30-35 zikwi zikwi.
Ndemanga za eni
Border Collies, malinga ndi eni ake amtunduwu, amakhala ndi ndende yayikulu kwambiri ndipo amatha kukhalabe ndi magwiridwe antchito kwakanthawi. Nyama yamphamvu, yolimba komanso yolimbikira imagwira ntchito tsiku ndi tsiku komanso zolimbitsa thupi zokwanira. Kupanda kutero, machitidwe a galu atha kuwonongeka, ndipo "chimphepo champhamvu" chidzawonekera mnyumbamo.
Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti okwera ndege ndi mtundu wa "ambuye othawa", omwe amatha kukwera mosavuta mpandawo ndikulowera pafupifupi kulikonse, chifukwa chake, muyenera kuyang'anitsitsa mwanayo poyenda.
Zofunika! Malire amayenera kupereka maola angapo tsiku lililonse, ndipo izi siziyenera kungokhala kuyenda, koma masewera olimbikira komanso kuthamanga kwakanthawi.
Mitunduyi imakonda kudya, koma chakudya choyambirira chimayenera kukhala choyambirira, chomwe ndi chapamwamba kwambiri ndipo chimatha kukwaniritsa zosowa zonse za chiweto. Malire sayenera kudyetsedwa ndi nyemba, kabichi, nyama zosuta ndi maswiti.
Mwazina, sikulimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito nsomba zamtsinje pazakudya.... Monga momwe tawonetsera, zakudya zabwino kwambiri pamtunduwu zimayimiriridwa ndi chiwindi cha nkhuku ndi nyama zouma mu uvuni, zisa zolimba za tchizi ndi zakudya zapadera za agalu.
Ngati palibe njira yocheza nthawi yambiri ndi mphamvu pa masewera olimbitsa thupi ndi chiweto chamiyendo inayi, ndiye kuti ndibwino kuti musagule collie wamalire. Mosasamala kanthu za msinkhu, galu wotere samasinthidwa konse kuti azisamalira unyolo kapena kusungulumwa kwanthawi yayitali. Monga oweta agalu ambiri ochita masewera olimbitsa thupi komanso odziwa kugwira ntchito za agalu amazindikira, mtunduwu sungakhale wokhutira ndi masewera olimbitsa thupi, chifukwa chake umafunikira ntchito zovuta tsiku ndi tsiku zopangidwa ndi eni ake.
