Brown kapena chimbalangondo wamba, ndi nyama yoyamwa kuchokera kubanja la chimbalangondo. Ndi imodzi mwazilombo zazikulu kwambiri komanso zoopsa kwambiri zopezeka kumtunda. Pali pafupifupi ma subspecies makumi awiri a chimbalangondo chofiirira, chomwe chimasiyana pamawonekedwe ndi magawidwe.
Kufotokozera ndi mawonekedwe
Maonekedwe a chimbalangondo chofiirira ndichikhalidwe kwa onse oimira banja la chimbalangondo. Thupi la nyama limakula bwino komanso lamphamvu.
Maonekedwe akunja
Pali chowuma chapamwamba, komanso mutu wokulirapo wokhala ndi makutu ndi maso ang'ono. Kutalika kwa mchira wawufupi kumasiyana masentimita 6.5-21.0. Mapazi ake ndi olimba komanso otukuka bwino, okhala ndi zikhadabo zamphamvu komanso zosabweza. Mapazi ndi otakata kwambiri, zala zisanu.
Makulidwe a chimbalangondo chofiirira
Kutalika kwapakati pa chimbalangondo chofiirira chokhala ku Europe, monga lamulo, kumakhala pafupifupi theka ndi theka mpaka mita ziwiri ndikulemera kwa makilogalamu 135-250. Anthu omwe amakhala pakatikati pa dziko lathu ndi ocheperako ndipo amatha kulemera pafupifupi 100-120 kg. Zazikulu kwambiri ndi zimbalangondo zakum'maŵa ndi Far grizzlies, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimakhala zazikulu mamita atatu.
Mtundu wa khungu
Mtundu wa chimbalangondo chofiirira umasiyanasiyana... Kusiyanasiyana kwa mtundu wa khungu kumadalira malo omwe akukhalamo, ndipo utoto waubweya umatha kuyambira pachakera mpaka chakuda. Mtundu wofiirira umatengedwa ngati wamba.
Ndizosangalatsa!Chikhalidwe cha grizzly ndi kupezeka kwa tsitsi lokhala ndi zoyera kumbuyo, chifukwa chomwe pamakhala mtundu wa imvi pa ubweya. Anthu omwe ali ndi utoto wonyezimira amapezeka ku Himalaya. Nyama zokhala ndi ubweya wa bulauni-bulauni zimakhala ku Syria.
Utali wamoyo
Mwachilengedwe, nthawi yayitali ya moyo wa chimbalangondo chofiirira ndi pafupifupi zaka makumi awiri mpaka makumi atatu. Mu ukapolo, mtundu uwu ukhoza kukhala zaka makumi asanu, ndipo nthawi zina kupitilira apo. Anthu wamba amakhala m'malo achilengedwe mpaka zaka khumi ndi zisanu.
Brown chimbalangondo subspecies
Mtundu wa zimbalangondo zofiirira umaphatikizapo ma subspecies angapo kapena otchedwa mitundu, omwe amasiyana kukula ndi utoto.
Subpecies ofala kwambiri:
- Chimbalangondo chofiirira ku Europe chotalika masentimita 150-250, mchira wa 5-15 cm, kutalika kwa kufota kwa 90-110 masentimita ndikulemera kwapakati pa 150-300 kg... Subpecies yayikulu yokhala ndi thupi lamphamvu komanso chithunzithunzi chodziwika bwino chimafota. Mitundu yambiri imachokera ku utoto wonyezimira mpaka wakuda wakuda. Ubweya wake ndi wandiweyani, wamtali;
- Chimbalangondo chofiirira cha ku Caucasus chokhala ndi kutalika kwa thupi kwa masentimita 185-215 ndi thupi lolemera makilogalamu 120-240... Chovalacho ndi chofupikirapo, chosalala, cha utoto wowoneka bwino kuposa ma subspecies aku Europe. Mtunduwo umakhala utoto wobiriwira mpaka utoto wofiirira. Pali malo otchulidwa, akulu akuda akamafota;
- Chimbalangondo chofiirira chakum'mawa kwa Siberia cholemera makilogalamu 330-350 komanso chigaza chachikulu... Ubweyawo ndi wautali, wofewa komanso wonenepa, wokhala ndi sheen. Chovalacho ndi chofiyira kapena chofiirira kapena chakuda. Anthu ena amadziwika ndi kupezeka kwa utoto wonyezimira ndi wakuda mithunzi;
- Ussuri kapena chimbalangondo chofiirira cha Amur... M'dziko lathu, subspecies iyi imadziwika kuti grizzly yakuda. Kulemera kwakuthupi kwamwamuna wamkulu kumatha kusiyanasiyana pakati pa 350-450 kg. Subpecies amadziwika ndi kupezeka kwa chigaza chachikulu komanso chopangidwa bwino lomwe lili ndi gawo lalitali lammphuno. Khungu limakhala lakuda. Mbali yapadera ndi kupezeka kwa tsitsi lalitali m'makutu.
Chimodzi mwazinthu zazikuluzikulu mdziko lathu ndi Far Eastern kapena Kamchatka brown chimbalangondo, chomwe thupi lawo limakhala lopitilira 450-500 kg. Akuluakulu akulu ali ndi chigaza chachikulu, chachikulu komanso chachikulu, chakutsogolo chakumutu. Ubweyawo ndiwotalika, wandiweyani komanso wofewa, wachikasu wotumbululuka, wakuda bulauni kapena wakuda kwathunthu.
Dera lomwe chimbalangondo chofiirira chimakhala
Gawo lachilengedwe logawira zimbalangondo lasintha kwambiri m'zaka 100 zapitazi. M'mbuyomu, ma subspecies anali kupezeka m'magawo ambiri kuyambira ku England kupita kuzilumba za Japan, komanso kuchokera ku Alaska kupita pakatikati pa Mexico.
Lero, chifukwa chowonongera zimbalangondo zofiirira komanso kuthamangitsidwa kwawo kumadera omwe akukhalamo, magulu ambiri achiwombankhanga adalembedwa kumadzulo kwa Canada, komanso ku Alaska komanso madera akutchire a dziko lathu.
Khalani ndi moyo
Nthawi yogwira chilombocho imagwera madzulo, m'mawa ndi madzulo. Chimbalangondo chofiirira ndichinyama chanzeru kwambiri, chokhazikika mlengalenga makamaka mothandizidwa ndi kumva ndi kununkhiza. Maso olakwika ndi mawonekedwe. Ngakhale kukula kwawo kwakukulu komanso kulemera kwakukulu, zimbalangondo zofiirira zimakhala chete, zachangu komanso zosavuta kusuntha nyama zolusa.
Ndizosangalatsa!Kuthamanga kwapakati ndi 55-60 km / h. Zimbalangondo zimasambira mokwanira, koma zimatha kuyenda movutikira kwambiri pachikuto chakuya cha chipale chofewa.
Zimbalangondo zofiirira zili m'gulu la nyama zokhala pansi, koma nyama zazing'ono zomwe sizimasiyana ndi banja zimatha kuyendayenda ndikuyang'ana mwachangu wokondedwa. Zimbalangondo zimalemba ndikuteteza malire amdera lawo... M'chaka, zimbalangondo zimapuma pansi, ndikukhazikika pakati pazitsamba ndi masamba otsika a shrub. Pofika nyengo yophukira, nyamayo imayamba kudzikonzekeretsa pothawirapo nthawi yozizira.
Chakudya ndi nyama ya chimbalangondo chofiirira
Zimbalangondo zakuda zimakonda kudya, koma maziko azakudya zawo ndi zomera, zoyimiriridwa ndi zipatso, zipatso, mtedza, mizu, ma tubers ndi zimayambira za mbewu. M'zaka zowonda, oats ndi chimanga ndizabwino m'malo mwa zipatso. Komanso, chakudya cha chilombocho chimaphatikizapo mitundu yonse ya tizilombo, yoyimiriridwa ndi nyerere, nyongolotsi, abuluzi, achule, kumunda ndi mbewa zamtchire.
Nyama zazikulu zazikuluzikulu zimatha kuukira ma artiodactyls achichepere. Mbawala, mphalapala, nswala, nguluwe komanso nkhono zimatha kukhala nyama. Chimbalangondo chachikulire chofiirira chimatha kuthyola nyama yake ndikumumenya kamodzi, kenako chimadzaza ndi matabwa ndikuchiteteza mpaka nyama itadyedwa. Pafupi ndi madera amadzi, mitundu ina ya zimbalangondo zofiirira imasaka zisindikizo, nsomba ndi zisindikizo.
Grizzlies amatha kulimbana ndi zimbalangondo zakutchire ndikulanda nyama zazing'ono.
Ndizosangalatsa!Mosasamala zaka, zimbalangondo zofiirira zimakumbukira bwino. Nyama zakutchirezi zimatha kuloweza pamtima bowa kapena mabulosi, komanso zimawapezera msanga.
Maziko a zakudya za zimbalangondo zofiirira zakum'maŵa akutali chilimwe ndi nthawi yophukira ndi nsomba zomwe zimatuluka. M'zaka zowonda komanso zopanda chakudya, chilombo chachikulu chimatha kulimbana ndi ziweto kapena kudyetsa ziweto.
Kubereka ndi ana
Nyengo yokhwima ya chimbalangondo chofiirira imatenga miyezi ingapo ndipo imayamba mu Meyi pomwe amuna amenya ndewu zowopsa. Zazikazi zimakwatirana ndi amuna achikulire angapo nthawi imodzi. Mimba yaposachedwa imakhala mukukula kwa mwana wosabadwa pokhapokha nthawi yakubisala kwa nyama. Mkazi amabereka ana kwa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi kapena isanu ndi itatu... Akhungu ndi ogontha, osowa chochita komanso okutidwa ndi tsitsi laling'ono, ana amabadwira m dzenje. Monga lamulo, mkazi amabala ana awiri kapena atatu, omwe kutalika kwake panthawi yobadwa sikupitilira kotala mita ndikulemera 450-500 g.
Ndizosangalatsa! M'phanga, anawo amadya mkaka ndipo amakula mpaka miyezi itatu, pambuyo pake amakhala ndi mano a mkaka ndipo amatha kudya zipatso zawo zokha, zomera ndi tizilombo tokha. Komabe, anawo amayamwitsidwa kwa chaka chimodzi ndi theka kapena kupitilira apo.
Osati kokha mkazi amene amasamalira ana, komanso mwana wotchedwa pestun, yemwe adawonekera m'zinyalala zam'mbuyomu. Pafupi ndi yaikazi, anawo amakhala zaka pafupifupi zitatu mpaka zinayi, asanakule msinkhu. Mkazi amakhala ndi ana, monga lamulo, zaka zitatu zilizonse.
Brown chimbalangondo hibernation
Tulo la chimbalangondo chofiirira ndi chosiyana kotheratu ndi nthawi ya kubisira yomwe imafalikira kuzinthu zina zamamayi. Nthawi yozizira, kutentha kwa thupi kwa chimbalangondo chofiirira, kupuma, komanso kugunda sikusintha. Chimbalangondo sichikugwera chonchi, ndipo m'masiku oyamba chimangogona.
Pakadali pano, chilombocho chimamvetsera mwachidwi ndipo chimachita chilichonse pangozi posiya phanga. M'nyengo yozizira yotentha ndi chipale chofewa pang'ono, ndi chakudya chochuluka, amuna ena samabisala. Kugona kumachitika kokha pakayambika chisanu choopsa ndipo kumatha kupitirira mwezi... M'maloto, nkhokwe zamafuta ochepa, omwe adasonkhanitsidwa mchilimwe ndi nthawi yophukira, zimawonongeka.
Zikhala zosangalatsa: Chifukwa chiyani zimbalangondo zimagona m'nyengo yozizira
Kukonzekera kugona
Zogona zachisanu zimakhazikika ndi akulu m'malo otetezeka, akutali ndi ouma, pansi pa mphepo yamkuntho kapena mizu ya mtengo wakugwa. Chilombocho chimatha kukumba chidebe chakuya pansi kapena kutenga mapanga ndi mapanga amiyala. Zimbalangondo zofiirira zapakati zimayesetsa kudzikonzekeretsa okha ndi ana awo chimbudzi chakuya komanso chokulirapo, chotentha, chomwe chimayikidwa mkati ndi moss, nthambi za spruce ndi masamba akugwa.
Ndizosangalatsa!Ana aakazi anyani nthawi zonse amakhala m'nyengo yozizira ndi amayi awo. Ana a Lonchak a chaka chachiwiri cha moyo atha kulowa nawo kampaniyi.
Nyama zonse zazikuluzikulu komanso zokhazokha zimabisala m'modzi m'modzi. Kupatula kwawo ndi anthu omwe amakhala mdera la Sakhalin ndi zilumba za Kuril. Apa, kupezeka kwa achikulire angapo m khola limodzi nthawi zambiri kumawonedwa.
Kutalika kwa nthawi yobisalira
Kutengera nyengo ndi zinthu zina, zimbalangondo zofiirira zitha kukhala m khola lawo miyezi isanu ndi umodzi. Nthawi yomwe chimbalangondo chimagona m dzenje, komanso kutalika kwa tulo tokha, zimadalira momwe zinthu zimakhalira nyengo, zokolola zamafuta, zogonana, magawo azaka komanso momwe thupi lanyama lilili.
Ndizosangalatsa!Nyama yakale yakutchire yomwe yakhala ndi mafuta ambiri imapita ku hibernation kale kwambiri, chisanadze chivundikiro chachikulu cha matalala, ndipo anthu achichepere ndi osakwanira mokwanira amagona m dzenje mu Novembala-Disembala.
Nthawi yogona imatha milungu ingapo kapena miyezi ingapo. Amayi apakati amakhala oyamba nthawi yozizira. Pomaliza, mapanga amakhala ndi amuna akale. Malo omwewo obisalapo nthawi yozizira atha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi chimbalangondo chofiirira kwa zaka zingapo.
Zoyipa Zoyipa
Ndodo yolumikizira ndi chimbalangondo chofiirira chomwe sichinakhale nayo nthawi yopeza mafuta okwanira ndipo, pachifukwa ichi, sichitha kulowa mu hibernation. Pakusaka chakudya chilichonse, chilombochi chimatha kuyendayenda mozungulira nthawi yozizira yonse. Monga lamulo, chimbalangondo chofiirira choterocho chimayenda mosatsimikizika, chimakhala chowoneka bwino komanso chotopa.
Ndizosangalatsa!Akakumana ndi adani owopsa, zimbalangondo zofiirira zimatulutsa kubangula kwakukulu, imirirani ndi miyendo yawo yakumbuyo ndikuyesera kugwetsa mdani wawo mwamphamvu kuchokera m'manja mwamphamvu yakutsogolo.
Njala imapangitsa kuti nyamayo iwonekere pafupi kwambiri ndi malo okhala anthu... Chimbalangondo cholumikizira chimakhala chofanana kumadera akumpoto omwe amakhala ndi nyengo yozizira kwambiri, kuphatikiza madera a Far East ndi Siberia. Kuukira kwakukulu kwa zimbalangondo zolumikizira kumatha kuwonetsedwa nyengo zowonda, pafupifupi kamodzi pazaka khumi zilizonse. Kusaka nyama zolumikizira zimbalangondo si ntchito yosodza, koma kukakamizidwa.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Zimbalangondo za Brown sizili mgulu la nyama zamtengo wapatali zamalonda, koma nthawi zambiri zimakhala ngati chinthu chosakira masewera. Mwazina, zikopa za zimbalangondo zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga makalapeti, ndipo nyama imaperekedwa ndi malo odyera ngati chakudya chokoma komanso chachilendo.
Bear bile ndi mafuta ali ndi mankhwala. Pakadali pano pali anthu pafupifupi zikwi mazana awiri a chimbalangondo chofiirira padziko lapansi, chifukwa chake mitunduyo idatchulidwa kuti ili pangozi mu Red Book.
