Mukakumana ndi hammerhead shark, simuyenera kuyang'anitsitsa cholengedwa chodabwitsa ichi. Zoyipa zakunja kwake ndizofanana kwambiri ndi nkhanza zosasunthika zomwe zimawonetsedwa kwa munthu. Ngati mwawona "sledgehammer" ikuyandama pa inu - bisani.
Mutu wachilendo
Chifukwa cha iye, simudzasokoneza nyama yotchedwa hammerhead shark (Latin Sphyrnidae) ndi munthu wina wokhala m'nyanja yakuya. Mutu wake (wokhala ndi zotuluka zazikulu m'mbali mwake) umakhala wolimba ndikugawika magawo awiri.
Amakolo a hammerhead shark, monga mayeso a DNA adawonetsera, adawonekera zaka 20 miliyoni zapitazo... Atasanthula DNA, akatswiri a sayansi ya zamoyo adazindikira kuti nthumwi yotchuka kwambiri ya banja la Sphyrnidae iyenera kutengedwa ngati nyundo yamutu yayikulu. Chimaonekera motsutsana ndi nsombazi ndi ziphuphu zochititsa chidwi kwambiri, komwe chiyambi chake chikufotokozedwa ndimitundu iwiri ya polar.
Ochirikiza lingaliro loyamba ali otsimikiza kuti mutu udapeza mawonekedwe ake ngati nyundo kwazaka zingapo miliyoni. Otsutsawo amaumirira kuti mutu wodabwitsa wa nsombazi unayamba chifukwa chosintha mwadzidzidzi. Kaya zikhale zotani, nyama zolusa zam'madzi izi zimayenera kuganizira mawonekedwe awonekedwe lawo lachilendo posankha nyama yawo ndi moyo wawo.
Mitundu ya hammerhead shark
Banja (kuchokera m'kalasi la nsomba zam'mimba) lotchedwa hammerhead kapena hammerhead shark ndilokulirapo ndipo limaphatikizapo mitundu 9:
- Nsomba yodziwika kwambiri ya nyundo.
- Nyama yayikulu yam'mutu.
- Nyama yam'madzi yaku West Africa.
- Nyama yam'mutu yozungulira.
- Nsomba zamkuwa.
- Nsomba zazing'ono zam'mutu (shovel shark).
- Panamo Caribbean nyundo.
- Shaki yaying'ono yamaso yaying'ono.
- Nyama yayikulu kwambiri ya nyundo.
Wachiwiriyu amadziwika kuti ndi woopsa kwambiri, wosachedwa komanso othamanga, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zowopsa kwambiri. Zimasiyanasiyana ndi kubadwa kwake ndi kukula kwake kwakukulu, komanso kasinthidwe ka kutsogolo kwa "nyundo", yomwe ili ndi mawonekedwe owongoka.
Nyundo zazikulu zimakula mpaka mamita 4-6, koma nthawi zina zimagwira zitsanzo zoyandikira mamita 8.
Zowononga izi, zoopsa kwambiri kwa anthu, ndi banja lonse la Sphyrnidae zakhazikika m'madzi otentha a Pacific, Atlantic ndi Indian.
Ndizosangalatsa!Sharki (makamaka akazi) nthawi zambiri amasonkhana m'magulu m'matanthwe apansi pamadzi. Kuchuluka misa amadziwika masana, ndi usiku ogwirira kupita mpaka tsiku lotsatira.
Hammerfish yawonedwa ponseponse panyanja komanso pakuya kwakukulu (mpaka 400 m). Amakonda miyala yamchere yamchere, nthawi zambiri amasambira kupita m'madziwe ndikuwopseza alendo opita kunyanja.
Koma nyama zazikuluzikuluzi zimapezeka pafupi ndi zilumba za Hawaii. Sizosadabwitsa kuti kuli pano, ku Hawaiian Institute of Marine Biology, komwe kafukufuku wovuta kwambiri wasayansi wopangidwa ndi nyundo zotchedwa hammerhead shark wachitika.
Kufotokozera
Zotuluka pambuyo pake zimakulitsa gawo lamutu, khungu lake lodzaza ndi maselo amisili omwe amathandizira kunyamula zikwangwani kuchokera ku chinthu chamoyo. Shaki imatha kugwira mphamvu zamagetsi zochepa zomwe zimachokera pansi pa nyanja: ngakhale mchenga womwe woyeserayo amayesera kubisala sungakhale chopinga.
Mfundoyi idanenedwa posachedwa kuti mawonekedwe amutu amathandizira nyundo kuti ikhale yolimba panthawi yakuthwa. Zinapezeka kuti kukhazikika kwa nsombazi kumaperekedwa ndi msana wokonzedwa mwanjira yapadera.
Pamapeto pake (moyang'anizana) pali maso akulu, ozungulira, omwe Iris amakhala achikaso chagolide wachikaso. Ziwalo zamasomphenya zimatetezedwa kwazaka zambiri ndipo zimawonjezeredwa ndi nembanemba yonyenga. Kukhazikika kosavomerezeka kwa maso a shark kumathandizira pakulemba kwathunthu (360-degree) danga: chilombocho chikuwona zonse zomwe zimachitika kutsogolo, pansi ndi pamwamba pake.
Ndi machitidwe amphamvu ngati awa a mdani (ozindikira komanso owoneka), nsombazi sizimusiyira mwayi wochepa wopulumutsidwa.Pamapeto pa kusaka, chilombocho chimapereka "mkangano" womaliza - mkamwa wokhala ndi mzere wosalala wakuthwa... Mwa njira, chimphona chotchedwa hammerhead shark chili ndi mano owopsa kwambiri: ndi amakona atatu, opendekera pakona pakamwa ndipo amakhala ndi notches zowoneka.
Ndizosangalatsa! Nsomba, ngakhale mumdima wandiweyani, sizidzasokoneza kumpoto ndi kumwera, komanso kumadzulo ndi kum'mawa. Mwina akutenga mphamvu yamagetsi yapadziko lonse lapansi, yomwe imamuthandiza kuti asadere.
Thupi (patsogolo pamutu) silodabwitsa: limafanana ndi choluka chachikulu - chakuda chakuda (bulauni) pamwambapa ndi choyera pansi.
Kubereka
Hammerhead shark amadziwika kuti ndi viviparous fish... Amuna amachita zogonana m'njira yapadera kwambiri, akumata mano ake mwa mnzake.
Mimba, yomwe imachitika pambuyo pokwatirana bwino, imatha miyezi 11, kenako ana 20 mpaka 55 oyandama kwambiri (40-50 cm kutalika) amabadwa. Kuti mkazi asavulazidwe pobereka, mitu ya shark yotchedwa nascent imatumizidwa osati kudutsa, koma mthupi.
Atatuluka m'mimba mwa mayi, nsombazi zimayamba kuyenda mwachangu. Kuyankha kwawo ndi changu chawo zimawapulumutsa kwa adani, omwe nthawi zambiri amakhala nsombazi.
Mwa njira, ndi nsombazi zomwe ndizokulirapo kuposa nyundo zomwe zimaphatikizidwa pamndandanda wafupipafupi wa adani awo achilengedwe, omwe amaphatikizaponso anthu ndi tiziromboti tambiri.
Hammerhead shark kugwira
Hammerhead shark amakonda kudzipangira okha nsomba monga:
- nyamazi ndi nyamayi;
- nkhanu ndi nkhanu;
- sardines, mackerel ndi nsomba zam'nyanja;
- zonyansa zam'madzi ndi nyanja;
- nsomba, nsomba za hedgehog ndi nsomba zazingwe;
- amphaka am'nyanja ndi ma hump;
- nsomba za mustelidae ndi nsombazi zaimvi zakuda.
Koma chidwi chachikulu kwambiri cha hammerhead shark chimayambitsidwa ndi kunyezimira.... Nyamayo imasaka m'mawa kapena kulowa: ikamafuna nyama, nsombazi zimayandikira pansi ndikupukusa mutu kuti ikweze mbalameyi.
Kupeza nyama yodyedwa, nsombazi zimaimenya ndi mutu, kenako nkuigwira ndi nyundo ndikuluma kuti cheza chiwonongeke. Kuphatikiza apo, akung'amba stingray ija, ndikuigwira ndi pakamwa pake.
Ma Hammerhead modekha amanyamula minga ya poizoni ya stingray yomwe idatsalira pachakudya. Atafika pagombe la Florida, nsombazi zinagwidwa zokhala ndi zoterera 96 mkamwa mwake. Kudera lomweli, nsomba zazikuluzikulu zotchedwa hammerhead shark (motsogozedwa ndi kamvekedwe kake kabwino) nthawi zambiri zimakhala chikho cha asodzi am'deralo, ndikukhomera mbedza.
Ndizosangalatsa! Pakadali pano, akatswiri a biology adalemba pafupifupi zikwangwani 10 zomwe zimasinthana ndi hammerhead shark, zomwe zimasonkhana m'masukulu. Asayansi atsimikizira kuti zizindikilo zina zimakhala ngati chenjezo: zina zonse sizinasinthidwe.
Munthu ndi nyundo
Ku Hawaii kokha kuli nsomba zomwe zimafanana ndi milungu yam'nyanja yomwe imateteza anthu ndikuwongolera kuchuluka kwa nyama zam'nyanja. Aaborigine amakhulupirira kuti mizimu ya abale awo omwe adamwalira imasamukira ku nsomba, ndikuwonetsa ulemu waukulu kwa ashaka okhala ndi nyundo.
Chodabwitsa ndichakuti, ndi ku Hawaii komwe pachaka kumabweretsa malipoti azinthu zomvetsa chisoni zomwe zimakhudzana ndikuukiridwa ndi nsombazi za hammerhead kwa anthu. Izi zikhoza kufotokozedwa mophweka: chilombocho chimalowa m'madzi osaya (kumene alendo amasambira) kuti aswane. Munthawi imeneyi, nyundo ya nyundo imalimbikitsidwa komanso yamphamvu.
A priori, nsombazi siziwona nyama yake mwa munthu, chifukwa chake sizimamusaka mwachindunji. Koma, tsoka, nsomba zolusa izi zili ndi mawonekedwe osayembekezereka, zomwe nthawi yomweyo zimatha kuzikakamiza kuti ziukire.
Ngati mungakumane ndi cholengedwa cha mano akuthwa ichi, kumbukirani kuti kusuntha mwadzidzidzi (kugwedeza mikono ndi miyendo, kutembenuka mwachangu) ndikoletsedwa mwamtheradi.... Muyenera kusambira kuchoka pa shark mmwamba komanso pang'onopang'ono, kuyesera kuti musakope chidwi chake.
Mwa mitundu 9 ya hammerhead shark, atatu okha ndi omwe amadziwika kuti ndi owopsa kwa anthu:
- shark wamkulu nyundo;
- nsomba zamkuwa zamkuwa;
- nsomba yotchedwa hammerhead shark.
M'mimba yawo yong'ambika, zotsalira za matupi a anthu zimapezeka kangapo.
Ngakhale zili choncho, akatswiri a sayansi ya zamoyo amakhulupirira kuti pankhondo yosadziwika pakati pa nyundo za shark ndi anthu otukuka, anthu ndi omwe amapambana.
Kuti odwala awalandire mafuta a shark, ndi ma gourmets kuti azisangalala ndi mbale za nyama za shark, kuphatikiza msuzi wotchuka wa kumapeto, eni ake awonongedwa ndi masauzande. Pofuna phindu, makampani osodza satsatira gawo lililonse kapena zikhalidwe zilizonse, zomwe zadzetsa kuchepa kwakukulu kwa mitundu ina ya Sphyrnidae.
Gulu lowopsa lidaphatikizanso, makamaka, nyundo yayikulu yamutu. Pamodzi ndi mitundu ina iwiri yocheperako, International Union for Conservation of Nature yotchedwa "osatetezeka" ndipo idaphatikizidwa mu Zowonjezera zapadera zalamulo la malamulo a usodzi ndi malonda.
