Buluzi wamkulu kwambiri padziko lapansi amakhala pachilumba cha Komodo ku Indonesia. "Ng'ona ikukwawa pansi." Palibe ma Komodo ambiri omwe amayang'anira abuluzi omwe atsala ku Indonesia, chifukwa chake, kuyambira 1980, nyamayi yaphatikizidwa mu IUCN.
Kodi chinjoka cha Komodo chikuwoneka bwanji
Maonekedwe a buluzi wamkulu kwambiri padziko lapansi ndiwosangalatsa kwambiri - mutu, ngati buluzi, mchira ndi zikono, ngati alligator, mphuno yomwe imakumbukira kwambiri chinjoka chamiyala, kupatula kuti moto sutuluka mkamwa yayikulu, koma pali china chake chodabwitsa minyama iyi. Buluzi wamkulu wowunika wochokera ku Komod amalemera makilogalamu oposa zana, ndipo kutalika kwake kumatha kufika mamita atatu. Pali nthawi zina pomwe akatswiri a zoo adakumana ndi abuluzi akulu kwambiri komanso amphamvu a Komodo, olemera ma kilogalamu zana ndi makumi asanu ndi limodzi.
Khungu la abuluzi owunika amakhala otuwa ndimalo owala. Pali anthu omwe ali ndi khungu lakuda komanso madontho ang'onoang'ono achikaso. Buluzi wa Komodo ali ndi mano olimba, "chinjoka" ndipo zonse zasokonekera. Kamodzi kokha, mutayang'ana chokwawa ichi, mutha kukhala ndi mantha akulu, chifukwa mawonekedwe ake owopsawo "amafuula" za kulanda kapena kupha. Palibe nthabwala, chinjoka cha Komodo chili ndi mano sikisite.
Ndizosangalatsa! Mukapeza chimphona cha Komodo, nyamayo imasangalala kwambiri. Kuyambira kale, poyang'ana koyamba, chokwawa chokongola, buluzi wowonera amatha kukhala chilombo chokwiya. Iye akhoza, mothandizidwa ndi mchira wamphamvu, kugwetsa mdani yemwe adamugwira, kenako ndikumupweteketsa. Chifukwa chake, sikoyenera kuwopsa.
Mukayang'ana chinjoka cha Komodo ndi miyendo yake yaying'ono, titha kuganiza kuti imayenda pang'onopang'ono. Komabe, ngati chinjoka cha Komodo chikuwona zoopsa, kapena ngati wawona woyenera kutsogolo kwake, ayesa nthawi yomweyo m'masekondi ochepa kuti afulumizitse kuthamanga kwa makilomita makumi awiri ndi asanu pa ola limodzi. Chinthu chimodzi chingapulumutse wovulalayo, kuthamanga mwachangu, popeza oyang'anira abuluzi sangathe kuyenda mwachangu kwa nthawi yayitali, atopa kwambiri.
Ndizosangalatsa! Nkhaniyi yatchulapo mobwerezabwereza za abuluzi opha a Komodo omwe amenya munthu, ali ndi njala kwambiri. Panali vuto pomwe abuluzi oyang'anira zazikulu adalowa m'midzi, ndikuwona ana akuwathawa, adawapeza ndikung'ambika. Nkhani yotereyi idachitikanso pamene buluzi wowonongera adaukira asakawo, omwe adawombera mphalapala ndikuzinyamula paphewa. Buluzi woyang'anira uja adaluma imodzi kuti ichotse nyama yomwe akufuna.
Komodo yowunikira abulu akusambira bwino kwambiri. Pali mboni zowona ndi maso zomwe akuti buluziyu adatha kusambira kuwoloka nyanjayi kuchokera pachilumba chachikulu kupita pachilumba china mphindi zochepa. Komabe, chifukwa cha izi zidatenga buluziyu kuti ayime ndikupuma kwa mphindi pafupifupi makumi awiri, popeza amadziwika kuti oyang'anira abulu amatopa msanga
Mbiri yoyambira
Anayamba kukambirana za abuluzi a Komodo panthawi yomwe, kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 2000, pafupi. Java (Holland) idafika kwa woyang'anira telegalamu kuti kuzilumba zazing'ono za Sunda kuli zazikulu, mwina zimbalangondo, kapena abuluzi, zomwe ofufuza asayansi sanamvepo. Van Stein ochokera ku Flores adalemba izi kuti pafupi ndi chilumba cha Flores ndi ku Komodo kumakhala chinthu chosamvetsetseka ndi sayansi "ng'ona yapadziko lapansi".
Anthu akumaloko adauza Van Stein kuti zilombo zimakhala pachilumbachi chonse, ndizowopsa, ndipo zimawawopa. Kutalika, mizukwa yotere imatha kufikira mamita 7, koma nthawi zambiri pamakhala zinyama za Komodo za mita inayi. Asayansi ochokera ku Java Island Zoological Museum adaganiza zopempha Van Stein kuti asonkhanitse anthu pachilumbachi kuti atenge buluzi, zomwe asayansi aku Europe sanadziwebe.
Ndipo ulendowu udakwanitsa kugwira buluzi woyang'anira Komodo, koma anali wamtali kokha masentimita 220. Chifukwa chake, ofunafuna adaganiza, mwa njira zonse, kuti atenge zokwawa zazikuluzikulu. Ndipo pamapeto pake adakwanitsa kubweretsa ng'ona zazikulu za 4 za Komodo, chilichonse kutalika kwake mita zitatu, ku malo owonera zakale.
Pambuyo pake, mu 1912, aliyense amadziwa kale zakupezeka kwa nyama yayikulu kwambiri yolembedwa kuchokera ku almanac yofalitsidwa, momwe chithunzi cha buluzi wamkulu wokhala ndi siginecha "Komodo dragon" chidasindikizidwa. Nkhaniyi ikayandikira ku Indonesia, kuzilumba zingapo, Komodo yowunika abuluzi iyambanso kupezeka. Komabe, pokhapokha atasanthula zakale za Sultan, zidadziwika kuti amadziwa za matenda akulu am'miyendo ndi mkamwa koyambirira kwa 1840.
Zinachitika kuti mu 1914, pamene nkhondo yapadziko lonse idayamba, gulu la asayansi linayenera kutseka kaye kafukufukuyu ndikugwira abuluzi oyang'anira Komodo. Komabe, zaka 12 pambuyo pake, a Komodo amawunika abuluzi ayamba kale kuyankhula ku America ndikuwatcha dzina lawo mchilankhulo chawo "dragon comodo".
Kukhazikika ndi moyo wa chinjoka cha Komodo
Kwa zaka zoposa mazana awiri, asayansi akhala akufufuza za moyo ndi zizolowezi za chinjoka cha Komodo, komanso akuphunzira mwatsatanetsatane kuti abuluzi akuluakuluwa amadya bwanji komanso momwe amadyera. Zapezeka kuti zokwawa zamagazi ozizira sizichita kalikonse masana, zimayambitsidwa kuyambira m'mawa mpaka dzuwa kutuluka ndipo kuyambira 5 koloko masana zimayamba kufunafuna nyama yawo. Onetsetsani abuluzi ochokera ku Komodo sakonda chinyezi, amakhala makamaka komwe kuli zigwa zouma kapena amakhala m'nkhalango yamvula.
Zimphona zazikulu za Komodo zimangokhala zopanda pake, koma zimatha kukhala ndi liwiro losaneneka, mpaka makilomita makumi awiri. Chifukwa chake ma alligator samayenda mwachangu. Amaperekanso chakudya mosavuta ngati chili kutalika. Amadzuka modekha ndi miyendo yawo yakumbuyo ndipo, podalira mchira wawo wamphamvu komanso wamphamvu, amapeza chakudya. Amamva fungo la omwe adzakhale nawo mtsogolo kwambiri. Amathanso kununkhiza magazi patali mtunda wamakilomita khumi ndi umodzi ndikuwona wovulalayo patali, popeza kumva, kuwona ndi kununkhira kwawo kuli bwino kwambiri!
Onetsetsani abuluzi amakonda kudya nyama iliyonse yokoma. Sasiya mbewa imodzi kapena zingapo, ngakhale kudya tizilombo ndi mphutsi. Nsomba ndi nkhanu zonse zikaponyedwa kumtunda ndi namondwe, amathamangira uku ndi uko m'mbali mwa gombe kuti akhale oyamba kudya "nsomba". Onetsetsani abuluzi amadyetsa makamaka nyama zakufa, koma zakhala zikuchitika pomwe ankhandwe amaukira nkhosa zamtchire, njati zam'madzi, agalu ndi mbuzi zanyama.
Zinyama za Komodo sizimakonda kukonzekera pasadakhale, zimaukira mwachinsinsi wovulalayo, kumugwira ndikumukokera mwachangu kumalo ake.
Kuswana kuyang'anira abuluzi
Onetsetsani abuluzi anzawo nthawi yotentha, mkatikati mwa Julayi. Poyamba, wamkazi amafunafuna malo oti athe kuikira mazira ake bwinobwino. Samasankha malo apadera, amatha kugwiritsa ntchito zisa za nkhuku zakutchire zomwe zimakhala pachilumbachi. Mwa kununkhiza, akangoti chinjoka chachikazi cha Komodo apeza chisa, amakwirira mazira ake kuti pasapezeke wina wowapeza. Nguluwe zakutchire, zomwe zimakonda kuwononga zisa za mbalame, zimakonda kwambiri mazira a chinjoka. Kuyambira koyambirira kwa Ogasiti, mzimayi m'modzi amayang'anira buluzi amatha kuikira mazira opitilira 25. Kulemera kwake kwa mazirawo ndi magalamu mazana awiri ndi masentimita khumi kapena asanu ndi limodzi m'litali. Buluzi wamkazi akangoyikira mazira, samasunthira patali, koma amadikira mpaka ana ake ataswa.
Tangoganizirani, miyezi isanu ndi itatu yonseyi mkazi akuyembekezera kubadwa kwa ana. Abuluzi ang'onoang'ono amabadwa kumapeto kwa Marichi, ndipo amatha kutalika kwa masentimita 28. Abuluzi ang'onoang'ono samakhala ndi amayi awo. Amakhala m'mitengo yayitali ndikudya pamenepo kuposa momwe angathere. Anawo amaopa abulu achikulire omwe amawunika abuluzi. Iwo omwe adapulumuka osagwera m'manja mwamphamvu za nkhwangwa ndi njoka zodzadza pamtengo amayamba kufunafuna chakudya pansi patatha zaka ziwiri, akamakula ndikulimba.
Kuonetsetsa abuluzi ali m'ndende
Sizingachitike kuti chimphona cha Komodo chowunika abuluzi amaweta ndikuwakhazikika kumalo osungira nyama. Koma, modabwitsa, kuyang'anira abuluzi azolowere msanga anthu, amatha kuwongoleredwa. M'modzi mwa oimira abuluzi owonera amakhala ku London Zoo, amadya momasuka kuchokera kwa wowonayo ndipo amamutsata kulikonse.
Masiku ano, Komodo amayang'anira abuluzi amakhala m'mapaki azilumba za Rinja ndi Komodo. Iwo adalembedwa mu Red Book, chifukwa chake kusaka abuluzi ndikoletsedwa ndi lamulo, ndipo malinga ndi lingaliro la komiti yaku Indonesia, kugwidwa kwa abuluzi oyang'anira kumachitika kokha ndi chilolezo chapadera.
