Kangaude (Scytodes thoracica) ndi ya gulu la arachnid.
Kufalikira kwa kangaude.
Mamembala amtundu wa Scytode nthawi zambiri amakhala akangaude otentha kapena otentha. Komabe, akangaude akulavulira amafalikira kudera la Nearctic, Palaearctic, ndi Neotropical. Mitunduyi imapezeka kwambiri kum'mawa kwa United States, komanso ku United Kingdom, Sweden, ndi mayiko ena aku Europe. Kulavulira akalulu apezeka ku Japan ndi Argentina. Kukhalapo kwa mitunduyi m'malo ovuta kumafotokozedwa ndi kupezeka kwa nyumba zotentha komanso nyumba zomwe akangaudewa adakwanitsa kukhalamo.
Kulavulira malo akangaude.
Kulavulira akalulu amapezeka m'nkhalango zotentha. Nthawi zambiri zimapezeka m'makona akuda a nyumba zogona, zipinda zapansi, zitseko ndi zipinda zina.
Zizindikiro zakunja za kangaude.
Akangaude ali ndi mateyala ataliatali, owonda komanso opanda tsitsi (opanda ubweya), kupatulapo timinyewa tating'onoting'ono tomwe timabalalika m'thupi lonse. Akangaudewa amadziwikanso mosavuta ndi cephalothorax (prosoma) yochulukirapo, yomwe imayang'ana kumbuyo kumbuyo. Mimba ili ndi mawonekedwe ofanana mozungulira ngati cephalothorax ndi malo otsetsereka otsika, ndipo ndi ocheperako pang'ono kuposa cephalothorax. Monga akangaude onse, mbali ziwirizi za thupi (zigawo) zimasiyanitsidwa ndi mwendo woonda - "m'chiuno". Zilonda zazikulu, zopangidwa bwino zamatenda zili patsogolo pa cephalothorax. Zotupitsa izi zidagawika magawo awiri: yaying'ono, yakutsogolo, yomwe imakhala ndi poyizoni, ndi chipinda chachikulu cham'mbuyo, chomwe chimakhala ndi gooey.
Kangaude akalulu amatulutsa chinsinsi chomata, chomwe chimasakanikirana ndi zinthu ziwiri, ndipo chimatulutsidwa mwa mawonekedwe a chelicerae, ndipo sichingatulutsidwe padera.
Mtundu uwu wa kangaude ulibe chiwalo chobisa silika (cribellum). Kupuma ndi tracheal.
Chivundikiro chokongola cha thupi lachikaso loyera lokhala ndi zipsera zakuda zamawangamawanga pa cephalothorax, mtundu uwu umafanana pang'ono ndi zeze. Miyendo imangoyenda pansi kumayerekeza ndi makulidwe akutuluka mthupi. Zimatalika ndi mikwingwirima yakuda. Kutsogolo kwa mutu, pali zinthu zina zomwe zili pansi pano. Amuna ndi akazi amakhala ndi matupi osiyanasiyana: 3.5-4 mm m'litali amafikira amuna, ndipo akazi - kuyambira 4-5.5 mm.
Kubalana kwa kangaude.
Kulavulira akalulu amakhala okha ndipo amakumana okha nthawi yokwatirana. Kuyanjana kwambiri kumachitika m'nyengo yotentha (mu Ogasiti), koma akangaude amatha kukwatirana kunja kwa nyengo inayake ngati amakhala muzipinda zotenthetsera.
Amatulutsa ma pheromones, omwe amapezeka muubweya wapadera womwe umaphimba masambawo ndi miyendo yoyamba.
Akazi amadziwika kukhalapo kwamwamuna ndi zinthu zonunkhira.
Pakakumana ndi chachikazi, champhongo chimatengera umuna kumaliseche kwa mkazi, komwe umunawo umasungidwa kwa miyezi ingapo mpaka mazirawo atengana ndi umuna. Poyerekeza ndi ma arachnid ena, akalulu akulavulira amaikira mazira ochepa (mazira 20-35 pachoko) ndi zikopa ziwiri zomwe mkazi amamanga chaka chilichonse. Kangaude wamtunduwu amasamalira ana, akazi amavala cocoko ndi mazira pansi pamimba kapena chelicerae kwa milungu 2-3, kenako akangaude omwe amawoneka amakhalabe ndi akazi mpaka molt wawo woyamba. Kukula kwa akalulu achichepere, chifukwa chake kuchuluka kwa kusungunuka, kumagwirizana kwambiri ndi kupezeka kwa nyama. Akasungunuka, akalulu achichepere amwazikana kumadera osiyanasiyana kuti akhale moyo wokhalokha, ndikukhwima pambuyo pa 5-7 molts.
Poyerekeza ndi mitundu ina ya akangaude, akangaude amakhala ndi moyo wautali m'deralo, samafa atangokwatirana. Amuna amakhala zaka 1.5-2, ndipo akazi zaka 2-4. Kulavulira akalulu amakumana kangapo kenako kumafa ndi njala kapena kudya, nthawi zambiri amuna, akamayenda kukafunafuna wamkazi.
Makhalidwe amtundu wa kangaude.
Kulavulira akalulu nthawi zambiri kumakhala usiku. Amayendayenda okha, amasaka nyama zawo, koma popeza amakhala ndi miyendo yayitali, yopyapyala, amayenda pang'onopang'ono.
Masomphenya awo ndi osauka, choncho akangaude nthawi zambiri amayang'ana chilengedwe ndi ziwalo zawo zakutsogolo, zomwe zimakutidwa ndi ziphuphu.
Pozindikira nyama yomwe ikubwerayo, kangaudeyu amakopa chidwi chake, kenako amagogoda pang'onopang'ono ndi miyendo yakutsogolo mpaka wovulalayo ali pakati pawo. Kenako imalavulira nyama yolimba, yapoizoni pa nyama, kuphimba mikwingwirima 5-17 yofananira. Chinsinsicho chimatulutsidwa pa liwiro la 28 mita pamphindikati, pomwe kangaudeyo amanyamula chelicerae yake ndikuwayendetsa, ndikuphimba wovulalayo ndi zigawo za nthiti. Kenako kangaudeyo amayandikira msanga nyama yake, pogwiritsa ntchito mwendo woyamba ndi wachiwiri wa miyendo, umakola nyama ija kwambiri.
Guluu wakupayo amawononga thupi, ndipo ikangouma, kangaudeyo amaluma kudzera mwa wovulalayo, kubaya poyizoni mkati kuti ziwononge ziwalo zamkati.
Pambuyo pa ntchitoyo, kangaudeyu amalavulira bwinobwino miyendo iwiri yoyambirira ya guluu wotsalawo, kenako amabweretsa nyama yovutayo mothandizidwa ndi ma pedipalps ake. Kangaudeyo amamugwira ndi miyendo iwiri ndikumakulunga mu ukonde. Tsopano imayamwa pang'onopang'ono minofu yosungunuka.
Akangaudewa amagwiritsanso ntchito “kulavulira” kwaizoni ngati njira yodzitetezera kwa akangaude ena kapena nyama zina zolusa. Amasuntha pang'onopang'ono kuti athawe ndikudziteteza motere.
Kulavulira kangaude.
Kulavulira akalulu ndimomwe amayenda usiku, koma samapanga mawebusayiti. Amakonda kudya ndipo amakhala m'nyumba, makamaka amadya tizilombo ndi zina zotere monga njenjete, ntchentche, akangaude ena ndi tizilombo ta m'nyumba (nsikidzi).
Akakhala m'chilengedwe, amasakanso tizilombo, kuwononga nsabwe za m'masamba akuda, mealybugs, zipatso za ku Philippines ndi agulugufe, amadya udzudzu (tizilombo toyamwa magazi). Zakudya zambiri zimakhala zazikulu kwambiri kuposa kangaude. Akangaude achikazi amathanso kudya mazira a tizilombo.
Ntchito yachilengedwe cha kangaude.
Kulavulira akalulu ndi ogula ndikuwongolera kuchuluka kwa tizilombo, makamaka tizirombo. Amakhalanso chakudya cha centipedes ndipo amasakidwa ndi zikopa, zitsamba, mbalame, mileme ndi nyama zina zolusa.
Kulavulira malo kangaude.
Kangaude ndimtundu wamba. Amangokhala malo okhala ndipo amabweretsa zovuta zina. Eni nyumba ambiri amathetsa akangaudewa ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo. Kangaudeyu ndi woopsa, ngakhale chelicerae yake ndi yaying'ono kwambiri kuti ingaboole khungu la munthu.
Mitunduyi sicheperako ku Europe, Argentina ndi Japan, kusungidwa kwake sikudziwika.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pBuHqukXmEs
