Kamba wonyezimira (Astrochelys radiata) ndi wa dongosolo la fulu, gulu la zokwawa.
Kufalitsa kamba wonyezimira.
Kamba konyezimira kumapezeka mwachilengedwe kokha kum'mwera chakumwera chakumadzulo kwa Madagascar. Mtundu uwu udadziwitsidwanso pachilumba chapafupi cha Reunion.
Malo okhala kamba wonyezimira.
Kamba wonyezimira amapezeka m'nkhalango zowuma, zaminga zakumwera ndi kumwera chakumadzulo kwa Madagascar. Malo okhalamo ndi ogawanika kwambiri ndipo akamba ali pafupi kutha. Zokwawa zimakhala pakampata kakang'ono pafupifupi 50 - 100 km kuchokera pagombe. Gawoli silidutsa pafupifupi ma kilomita lalikulu 10,000.
Madera awa a Madagascar amadziwika ndi mvula yochepa, ndipo masamba a xerophytic amapezeka mderali. Akamba owala amapezekanso kumapiri ataliatali, komanso pamchenga wa mchenga m'mphepete mwa nyanja, momwe amadyera makamaka udzu komanso peyala yoyambira. Munthawi yamvula, zokwawa zimawoneka pamiyala, pomwe madzi amadzipanikiza pambuyo povumba.
Zizindikiro zakunja za kamba wonyezimira.
Kamba wonyezimira - ali ndi chipolopolo kutalika kwa 24.2 mpaka 35.6 cm ndi kulemera kwake mpaka 35 kilogalamu. Kamba konyezimira ndi imodzi mwa akamba okongola kwambiri padziko lapansi. Ali ndi chipolopolo chazitali, mutu wosalongosoka komanso miyendo ya njovu. Miyendo ndi mutu ndi wachikaso, kupatula malo osakhazikika, ofiira akuda pamwamba pamutu.
Carapace ndiyonyezimira, yodziwika ndi mizere yachikaso yochokera pakatikati pa scutellum iliyonse yamdima, chifukwa chake dzina la mtunduwo "kamba wowala". Ndondomeko iyi ya "nyenyezi" ndiyotsatanetsatane komanso yovuta kuposa mitundu yofanana ya akamba. Zovuta za carapace ndizosalala ndipo zilibe zopindika, mapiramidi, monga akamba ena. Pali kusiyana kochepa kwakunja kwakugonana pakati pa amuna ndi akazi.
Poyerekeza ndi akazi, amuna amakhala ndi michira yayitali, ndipo mphako wa plastron pansi pa mchira umawonekera kwambiri.
Kubalana kwa kamba konyezimira.
Akamba onyezimira amuna amaberekana akafika kutalika kwa masentimita 12, akazi ayenera kutalika masentimita angapo. Pakati pa nyengo yokhwima, yamwamuna imawoneka ngati yaphokoso, imagwedeza mutu ndikununkhiza miyendo yakumbuyo ya mkazi ndi cloaca. Nthawi zina, amakweza mkaziyo kutsogolo kwa chipolopolo chake kuti amugwire ngati akufuna kuthawa. Kenako champhongo chimasunthira pafupi ndi chachikazi kumbuyo ndikugogoda malo amkati mwa pulasitala pachikopa chachikazi. Pa nthawi imodzimodziyo, amalira ndi kubuula, phokoso loterolo nthawi zambiri limayenda limodzi ndi akalulu. Mkaziyo amaikira mazira 3 mpaka 12 mu dzenje lokumbidwa mainchesi 6 mpaka 8 kenako amasiya. Zazikazi zokhwima zimatulutsa timitengo tokwana katatu pachaka, pachisa chilichonse kuyambira mazira mpaka 1-5. Pafupifupi 82% ya akazi okhwima ogonana amabereka.
Mwana amakula kwa nthawi yayitali - masiku 145 - 231.
Akamba achichepere amakula kuchokera 32 mpaka 40 mm. Zapangidwa utoto woyera. Akamakula, zipolopolo zawo zimakhala zozungulira. Palibe chidziwitso pa kutalika kwa akamba owala m'chilengedwe, amakhulupirira kuti amakhala zaka 100.
Kudya kamba wowala.
Akamba owala ndi odyetsa nyama. Zomera zimapanga pafupifupi 80-90% yazakudya zawo. Amadyetsa masana, amadya udzu, zipatso, zomera zokoma. Chakudya chomwe mumakonda - peyala yamchere. Mu ukapolo, akamba owala amapatsidwa mbatata, kaloti, maapulo, nthochi, zipatso za nyemba, ndi zidutswa za vwende. Amadyetsa msipu nthawi zonse mdera lomweli m'malo okhala ndi masamba ochepa. Akamba owala amawoneka kuti amakonda masamba achichepere ndi mphukira chifukwa amakhala ndi zomanga thupi zambiri komanso zopanda zingwe zochepa.
Zopseza kamba kowala.
Kugwidwa kwa zokwawa ndi kuwonongeka kwa malo okhala ndizoopseza kamba wowala. Kuwonongeka kwa malo kumaphatikizapo kudula mitengo mwachisawawa komanso kugwiritsa ntchito malo osiyidwa ngati malo olimapo ziweto, komanso kuyatsa nkhuni kutulutsa makala. Akamba osowa amapezeka kuti agulitsidwe kumayiko ena kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito ndi anthu akumaloko.
Amalonda aku Asia amachita bwino kuzembetsa nyama, makamaka chiwindi cha zokwawa.
M'madera otetezedwa a Mahafali ndi Antandroy, akamba owala bwino amakhala osatekeseka, koma m'malo ena amapezeka ndi alendo komanso ozembetsa nyama. Pafupifupi akamba owala pafupifupi 45,000 amagulitsidwa pachaka kuchokera pachilumbachi. Nyama ya kamba ndi chakudya chamtengo wapatali ndipo imakonda kwambiri Khirisimasi ndi Isitala. Madera otetezedwa samayang'aniridwa mokwanira ndipo akamba amitundu yayikulu akupitilira m'malo otetezedwa. Anthu aku Malagasy nthawi zambiri amasunga akamba monga ziweto zawo, komanso nkhuku ndi abakha.
Kuteteza kwa kamba konyezimira.
Kamba wonyezimira ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu chifukwa cha kutayika kwa malo okhala, kugwidwa kosagwiritsidwa ntchito kwa nyama, ndikugulitsa kumalo osungira nyama ndi malo oyang'anira ana. Kugulitsa nyama zomwe zalembedwa mu Zowonjezera I ku Msonkhano wa CITES kumatanthauza kuletsa kwathunthu kutumizitsa kapena kutumiza nyama yomwe ili pangozi. Komabe, chifukwa cha mavuto azachuma ku Madagascar, malamulo ambiri amanyalanyazidwa. Kuchuluka kwa akamba owala kumachepa pamlingo wowopsa ndipo zitha kupangitsa kuti mitundu yonse ya nyama zakutchire ithe.
Kamba wonyezimira ndi mtundu wotetezedwa pansi pa Malagasy Law Padziko Lonse, mtundu uwu uli ndi gulu lapadera mu 1968 African Conservation Convention, ndipo kuyambira 1975 idalembedwa mu Zowonjezera I za Msonkhano wa CITES, zomwe zimapatsa mitunduyo chitetezo chachikulu kwambiri.
Pa IUCN Red List, kamba wowala amadziwika kuti ali pangozi.
Mu Ogasiti 2005, pamsonkhano wapadziko lonse lapansi, kunenedweratu kochititsa mantha kuti popanda kuchitapo kanthu mwachangu komanso mwachangu, anthu owala akamba akhoza kutha kuthengo m'badwo umodzi, kapena zaka 45. Pulogalamu yaperekedwa kale ndi njira zotetezera akamba owala. Zimaphatikizapo kuyerekezera kovomerezeka kwa kuchuluka kwa anthu, maphunziro ammudzi ndikuwunika zamalonda padziko lonse lapansi.
Pali madera anayi otetezedwa ndi masamba ena atatu: Tsimanampetsotsa - 43,200 ha National Park, Besan Mahafali - 67,568 ha malo achitetezo, Cap Saint-Marie - 1,750 ha malo achitetezo, Andohahela National Park - 76,020 ha ndi Berenty , malo osungira anthu ena omwe ali ndi mahekitala 250, Hatokaliotsy - mahekitala 21 850, North Tulear - mahekitala 12,500. Aifati ili ndi malo oberekera kamba.
