Scorpion wachikaso (Leiurus quinquestriatus) kapena mlenje wakupha ndi wa gulu la chinkhanira, gulu la arachnid.
Kufalitsa chinkhanira chachikasu.
Zinkhanira zakuda zimagawidwa kum'mawa kwa dera la Palaearctic. Amapezeka kumpoto chakum'mawa kwa Africa. Nyumbayi ikupitilira kumadzulo ku Algeria ndi Niger, kumwera kwa Sudan, komanso kumadzulo kwambiri ku Somalia. Amakhala ku Middle East konse, kuphatikiza kumpoto kwa Turkey, Iran, kumwera kwa Oman ndi Yemen.
Malo okhala chinkhanira chachikasu.
Zinkhanira zakuda zimakhala m'malo ouma komanso ouma kwambiri. Nthawi zambiri amabisala pansi pamiyala kapena manda omwe nyama zina zasiya, ndipo amapanganso maenje awo akuya pafupifupi masentimita 20.
Zizindikiro zakunja kwa chinkhanira chachikasu.
Zinkhanira zachikasu ndi ma arachnid akuluakulu owopsa kuyambira kukula kwa 8.0 mpaka 11.0 cm kutalika ndi kulemera kwake kuchokera pa 1.0 mpaka 2.5 g. Carro-lateral carina imapatsidwa ma lobes ozungulira 3 - 4, ndipo chipilala chachitsulo chili ndi ma lobes atatu ozungulira. Pamwamba pamutu pali maso awiri apakatikati ndipo nthawi zambiri awiri kapena awiri mpaka awiri pakona yakutsogolo kwa mutu. Pali miyendo inayi yoyenda. Pamimba pali zomata ngati zomata.
"Mchira" wosinthasintha umatchedwa metasoma ndipo uli ndi magawo asanu, kumapeto kwake kuli msana wakuthwa chakupha. Mmenemo mumatseguka timabowo tomwe timatulutsa poizoni. Ili mu gawo lotupa la mchira. Chelicerae ndi zikhadabo zing'onozing'ono, zofunikira pakuchotsa chakudya ndi chitetezo.
Kubalana kwa chinkhanira chachikasu.
Kutengana ndi kusamutsidwa kwa madzimadzi pa nthawi yokwanira mu zinkhanira zachikasu ndizovuta. Mwamuna amaphimba chachikazi ndi nsaluyo, ndipo mayendedwe ena a zinkhanira zotsekedwa amafanana kwambiri ndi "kuvina" komwe kumatenga mphindi zingapo. Amuna ndi akazi amakokerana, amagwiritsitsa zikhadabo ndikuwoloka "michira" yomwe idakwezedwa. Kenako wamwamuna amaponyera spermatophore pa gawo loyenerera ndikusamutsira umunawo potsegulira kwa akazi, pambuyo pake zinkhanira ziwirizo zimakwawa mosiyanasiyana.
Zinkhanira zakuda ndi ma viviparous arachnids.
Mazirawo amakula mthupi la mkazi kwa miyezi inayi, kulandira chakudya kuchokera ku chiwalo chofanana ndi chiberekero. Mkazi amabala ana masiku 122 - 277. Zinkhanira zazing'ono zimakhala ndi matupi akulu akulu, kuchuluka kwake kumakhala pakati pa 35 mpaka 87 anthu. Ndi zoyera mtundu ndipo amatetezedwa ndi mluza
chipolopolo, chomwe chimatayidwa.
Makonda akusamalira ana mu zinkhanira zachikasu sanaphunzirepo. Komabe, mu mitundu yofanana kwambiri, zinkhanira zazing'ono zimakwera pamsana pa zazi zikangotuluka. Amakhalabe pamsana pawo mpaka molt woyamba, pokhala otetezedwa modalirika. Nthawi yomweyo, mkazi amawongolera chinyezi chofunikira kuti asinthe chivundikirocho chakale.
Pambuyo molt woyamba, zinkhanira zazing'ono zimakhala zakupha. Amatha kupeza chakudya pawokha ndikudziyang'anira. Kwa moyo wonse, zinkhanira zazing'ono zachikasu zimakhala ndi ma mollet 7-8, pambuyo pake zimakula ndikumafanana ndi zinkhanira zazikulu. Amakhala m'chilengedwe kwa zaka pafupifupi 4, ali mu ukapolo pansi pazikhalidwe, amakhala zaka 25.
Khalidwe lachikasu lachikasu.
Zinkhanira zakuda zimakhala usiku, zomwe zimathandiza kutentha kwambiri komanso kusowa madzi. Amasintha kuti apulumuke m'malo okhala ouma. Anthu ambiri amakumba maenje m'nthaka. Amakhala ndi matupi athyathyathya, omwe amawalola kuti azibisala m'ming'alu yaying'ono, pansi pamiyala komanso pansi pa khungwa.
Ngakhale zinkhanira zachikasu zili ndi maso angapo, maso awo sali okwanira kusaka nyama. Zinkhanira zimagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu yawo yakukhudza kuti ziwone ndi kusaka, komanso ma pheromones ndi ziwalo zina. Ali ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono pamapazi a mapazi awo omwe ndi ziwalo zomverera zomwe zimathandiza kuzindikira kugwedezeka pamchenga kapena nthaka. Ziwalozi zimapereka chidziwitso chakuwongolera kwa mayendedwe ndi mtunda wa zomwe zingatengeke. Ma Scorpios amathanso kugwiritsa ntchito kugwedera kuti azindikire okwatirana nawo kuti apeze mwachangu mkazi kuti abereke.
Kudyetsa chinkhanira wachikaso.
Zinkhanira zakuda zimadya tizilombo tating'onoting'ono, ma centipedes, akangaude, nyongolotsi, ndi zinkhanira zina.
Ma Scorpios amazindikira ndikugwira nyama pogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zawo zakukhudza ndi kunjenjemera.
Amabisala pansi pamiyala, khungwa, matabwa, kapena pakati pazinthu zina zachilengedwe, kudikirira nyama yawo. Kuti agwire nyama, zinkhanira zimagwiritsa ntchito zikhomo zawo zazikulu kuti ziphwanye nyamayo ndikubweretsa pakamwa. Tizilombo tating'onoting'ono timadyedwa kwathunthu, ndipo nyama yayikulu imayikidwa m'kamwa musanamwe, pomwe imakumbidwa koyambirira kenako imangolowa m'kamwa. Pakakhala chakudya chochuluka, zinkhanira zachikasu zimadzaza m'mimba mukafuna kusala kudya, ndipo zimatha kukhala osadya kwa miyezi ingapo. Ndi kuchuluka kwa anthu okhala m'malo okhalamo, ziwopsezo zakudya zimachulukirachulukira, ndikupangitsa kuti anthu omwe angathe kudyetsa m'malo owuma akhale osakwanira. Choyamba, zinkhanira zazing'ono zimawonongedwa ndipo zikuluzikulu zimatsalira, zokhoza kubereka ana.
Kutanthauza kwa munthu.
Zinkhanira zachikasu zimakhala ndi poizoni wamphamvu ndipo ndi imodzi mwamitundu yoopsa kwambiri ya zinkhanira Padziko Lapansi.
Mankhwala oopsa a chlorotoxin adayamba kupatula njoka za zinkhanira zachikasu ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito pofufuza za khansa.
Kafukufuku wa sayansi amachitanso poganizira momwe zingagwiritsire ntchito poizoni pakuthandizira matenda ashuga, ma neurotoxins amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuwongolera kupanga kwa insulin. Zinkhanira zakuda ndizomwe zimatsimikizira kuti pali mitundu ina yazamoyo, chifukwa ndimagulu akuluakulu azilombo zodyerako. Kusowa kwawo m'malo okhala nthawi zambiri kumawonetsa kuwonongeka kwa malo. Chifukwa chake, pali mapulogalamu osungira nyama zosauluka zam'mlengalenga, zomwe zinkhanira zachikaso ndizofunikira kwambiri.
Kuteteza khungu la chinkhanira.
Scorpion wachikasu alibe mtundu wa IUCN motero alibe chitetezo chaboma. Amagawidwa m'malo ena ake ndipo malire ake amakhala ochepa. Scorpion wachikasu akuwopsezedwa kwambiri ndikuwonongedwa kwa malo okhala ndi kugulitsidwa m'malo osungira mwapadera komanso popanga zokumbutsa. Mitundu ya nkhanizi ili pangozi chifukwa cha kukula kwake kwa thupi mu zinkhanira zazing'ono zomwe zimakula pang'onopang'ono. Anthu ambiri amamwalira akangobadwa. Kufa kumakhala kwakukulu m'makankhanira achikulire kuposa mitundu yazaka zapakati. Kuphatikiza apo, zinkhanira zokha nthawi zambiri zimawonongana. Pali kufa kwakukulu pakati pa akazi omwe sanakulebe, zomwe zimasokoneza kuberekanso kwa mitunduyo.
