Merganser wokhala ndi mitengo (yomwe imadziwikanso kuti crested merganser, Latin Mergellus cucullatus) ndi ya banja la bakha, ma anseriformes order.
Zizindikiro zakunja zakunja kophatikizana.
Merganser wokhala ndi zovalazo amakhala ndi thupi lokulira pafupifupi masentimita 50, mapiko otambalala: kuyambira masentimita 56 mpaka 70. Kulemera kwake: 453 - 879 g. Nthenga zamphongo ndizophatikiza modabwitsa, zofiira ndi zofiirira. Mutu, khosi ndi nthenga za thupi ndizakuda, chotupacho ndi imvi. Mchira ndi waimvi yakuda. Pakhosi, pachifuwa ndi pamimba ndizoyera.
Mikwingwirima iwiri yokhala ndi m'mbali mwakuda wakuda imayika mbali zake. Mbalizo ndi zofiirira kapena zofiirira. Mwaimuna, chodziwika kwambiri ndi nthenga za occiput, zomwe, zikawululidwa, zikuwonetsa kuphatikiza kophatikizana kodabwitsa kwa malaya oyera ndi akuda.
Mwamuna akamapuma, kukongola konse kumachepetsedwa kukhala milozo yoyera komanso yoyera kumbuyo kwa diso. Zazikazi ndi mbalame zazing'ono ndizofanana. Amakhala ndi mithunzi yakuda: imvi-bulauni kapena bulauni yakuda. Khosi, chifuwa ndi mbali ndizimvi, mutu ndi bulauni yakuda. Chisa chachikazi ndi bulauni ndi mithunzi ya sinamoni, ndipo nthawi zina nsonga zoyera. Abakha onse aang'ono amakhalanso ndi "chisa" chofananacho cha nthenga, koma ocheperako. Amuna achichepere samakhala ndi kachilombo.
Mverani mawu a merganser wobisika.
Kufalikira kwa merganser ya hood.
Zogulitsa zotsekemera zimagawidwa ku North America kokha. Nthawi ina, anali kupezeka padziko lonse lapansi, kuphatikiza zigawo zamapiri m'malo abwino. Pakadali pano, abakhawa amapezeka makamaka mdera la Great Lakes ku Canada, komanso kunja kwa Pacific Ocean m'maiko a Washington, Oregon ndi British Columbia. Merganser wokhala ndi hood ndi mtundu umodzi wokha.
Makhalidwe a hood merganser.
Ogwirizanitsa okhala ndi nyumba amakonda malo omwewo monga abakha a Caroline. Amasankha malo okhala ndi madzi odekha, osaya komanso omveka, pansi, mchenga kapena mwala.
Monga ulamuliro, mergansers okhala ndi zitseko amakhala m'madamu omwe ali pafupi ndi nkhalango zowuma: mitsinje, mayiwe ang'onoang'ono, nkhalango, madamu pafupi ndi mphero, madambo kapena matope akuluakulu opangidwa kuchokera kumadamu a beaver.
Komabe, mosiyana ndi ma carolin, ophatikizika omwe ali ndi zovundikira amakhala ndi zovuta kupeza chakudya m'malo omwe mitsinje yowononga mwamphamvu imayenda ndikuyang'ana madzi odekha pang'onopang'ono. Bakha amapezekanso panyanja zazikulu.
Makhalidwe a hoodie merganser.
Ogwirizira osunthika amasamukira kumapeto kwophukira. Amayenda okha, awiriawiri, kapena m'magulu ang'onoang'ono pamtunda wawutali. Ambiri mwa anthu omwe amakhala kumpoto kwa malowa amawulukira kumwera, kulowera kumadera omwe ali m'mphepete mwa nyanja, komwe amakhala m'madzi. Mbalame zonse zomwe zimakhala mdera labwino zimakhala. Zoyanjana zodumphira zimauluka mwachangu komanso motsika.
Pakudya, amalowa m'madzi ndikupeza chakudya pansi pamadzi. Manja awo amakankhidwira kumbuyo kwa thupi, monga abakha ambiri osambira monga mallard. Izi zimawapangitsa kukhala ovuta kumtunda, koma m'madzi alibe opikisana nawo pamasewera ndi kusambira. Ngakhale maso amasinthidwa kuti azitha kuwona m'madzi.
Chakudya chophatikizika chophatikizika.
Ogulitsa Okhazikika amakhala ndi zakudya zosiyanasiyana kuposa ma harles ena ambiri. Amadyetsa nsomba zing'onozing'ono, tadpoles, achule, komanso nyama zopanda mafupa: tizilombo, tizilombo tating'onoting'ono, nkhono ndi molluscs ena. Bakha amawononganso mbewu za zomera zam'madzi.
Kuberekanso ndi kudzala kwa merganser wobvala.
Pakati pa nyengo yobereketsa, ophatikizika okhala ndi zovalazi amafika awiriawiri ofanana, koma mbalame zina zikungoyamba kumene kuchita chibwenzi ndikusankha bwenzi. Tsiku lobwera osamukira limasiyanasiyana malinga ndi madera ndi madera. Komabe, abakha amafika molawirira kwambiri ndipo amawonekera m'malo okhala ndi ayezi madzi oundana akasungunuka mu February ku Missouri, kumapeto kwa Marichi ku Great Lakes, chakumapeto kwa Epulo ku British Columbia. Nthawi zambiri chachikazi chimabwerera kumalo komwe chidamangapo zaka zapitazo, izi sizitanthauza kuti chimangodzisankhira. Mitundu yophatikizira yokhala ndi mitundu ya abakha okhaokha, ndipo imaberekanso patatha zaka ziwiri. M'nyengo yokhwima, mbalame zimasonkhana m'magulu ang'onoang'ono, momwe mumakhala wamkazi mmodzi kapena awiri ndi amuna angapo. Yaimuna imatembenuza pakamwa pake, imagwedeza mutu wake mwamphamvu, imawonetsa mayendedwe osiyanasiyana. Nthawi zambiri amakhala chete, amayimba foni mofanana kwambiri ndi "kuyimba" kwa chule, kenako ndikupukusa mutu. Mulinso maulendo achidule achidule.
Zowanjikiza zokhala ndi zisa zisa m'mabowo amitengo omwe ali pakati pa 3 ndi 6 mita kumtunda. Mbalame sizisankha zachilengedwe zokha, zimatha ngakhale kumanga zisa m'nyumba za mbalame. Mkazi amasankha malo pafupi ndi madzi. Samatolera zowonjezera, koma amangogwiritsa ntchito dzenje, ndikukhomerera pansi ndi mulomo wake. Nthenga zomwe zimadulidwa kuchokera m'mimba zimakhala zolumikizira. Ophatikizira okhala ndi zimbudzi amalekerera kupezeka kwa abakha ena pafupi, ndipo nthawi zambiri mazira amtundu wina wa bakha amawoneka mchisa cha merganser.
Kawirikawiri mazira ochepa mu clutch amakhala 10, koma amatha kusiyanasiyana kuyambira 5 mpaka 13. Kusiyana kumeneku pamadalira zaka za bakha ndi nyengo.
Chachikulu chachikazi, koyambirira kogwirizira kumachitika, kuchuluka kwa mazira. Mazirawo amakhala okutidwa ndi madzi osanjikiza. Ngati mkaziyo akuwopa nthawi yopatulira, ndiye kuti amasiya chisa. Nthawi yosakaniza imatenga masiku 32 mpaka 33.
Bakha akayamba kutuluka, yamphongo imachoka pamalo pomwe imawikiramo ndipo samawoneka mpaka kumapeto kwa nyengo yoswana. Nyama ikapezeka, yaikazi imanamizira kuti yavulala ndipo imagwera pamapiko kuti imuchotsere mbalayo pachisacho. Anapiye amawoneka ataphimbidwa pansi. Amakhala pachisa kwa maola 24, kenako amatha kuyendayenda ndikudyera okha. Mkazi amatchula anapiyewo ndi phokoso lofewa pakhosi ndipo amatsogolera kumalo olemera opanda mphalapala ndi nsomba. Anapiye amatha kumira, koma kuyesera koyamba kulowa m'madzi sikukhalitsa, amangomira pansi pang'ono.
Pambuyo masiku 70, abakha ang'onoang'ono amatha kuwuluka kale, yaikazi imasiya ana kuti idyetse mwamphamvu kusamukira.
Chisa chachikazi kamodzi pa nyengo ndikubwezeretsanso sichimapezeka. Ngati mazira atayika pazifukwa zilizonse, koma yamphongo sinachokebe pamalopo, ndiye kuti clutch yachiwiri imawonekera pachisa. Komabe, ngati wamwamuna wachoka kale pamalowo, mkazi amakhala wopanda ana.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ytgkFWNWZQA
