Bakha wautali kwambiri ndi wa banja la bakha, anseriformes detachment.
Zizindikiro zakunja kwa bakha wautali.
Bakha wa mchira wautali ndi mbalame yaing’onoing’ono yokhala ndi mchira wautali, wakuda wakuda ndi miyendo ndi imvi. Chosiyanitsa ndi kupezeka kwa nthenga ziwiri zazitali komanso zokongola mchira. Ma Drake ndi abakha amasiyana pamitundu ya nthenga ndi kukula kwa thupi. Kwa ma drakes akuluakulu, kukula kwake kumakhala pakati pa 48 mpaka 58 cm, abakha akulu pakati pa masentimita 38 mpaka 43. Amuna achikulire amalemera pafupifupi 0.91 mpaka 1.13 kg, ndipo akazi achikulire amalemera pafupifupi 0.68 - 0.91 kg. Abakha amtundu wautali wa amuna ndi akazi onse ali ndi nthenga zitatu zosiyana, ndipo amuna akulu amayenda mu nthenga zina zowonjezera m'nyengo yozizira.
M'nyengo yozizira, yamphongo yayikulu imakhala ndi nthenga zoyera pamutu, pakhosi ndi pakhosi zomwe zimafikira pachifuwa. Khosi loyera limasiyanitsa kwambiri ndi zingwe zazikulu zakuda. Pafupi ndi maso pali nthiti imvi ndi chigamba chakuda chomwe chimafikira potseguka m'makutu. Ndalamayi ndi yakuda ndimizere yapakati yapinki. Mimba ndi mchira wakumtunda ndizoyera. Mchira, kumbuyo ndi kumbuyo nthenga zakuda. Mapikowo ndi akuda ndi mapewa oyera pansi. M'nyengo yozizira, mkazi amakhala ndi nkhope yoyera. Khosi ndi pharynx ndi mabala a bulauni ndi bulauni pafupi ndi zotseguka zamakutu. Chingwe chake chachikulu ndichonso bulauni. Msana, mchira ndi mapiko amakhalanso ndi mawu ofiira, pomwe mimba ndi mchira wakumtunda ndizoyera. Mlomo wachikazi ndi wamdima, wamtambo wabuluu.
Mverani mawu a bakha wa mchira wautali.
Bakha wa mchira wautali anafalikira.
Abakha amtundu wautali amakhala ndi magawidwe osiyanasiyana poyerekeza ndi mbalame zina zam'madzi. Abakha amtundu wautali amakhala m'dera lozungulira ndipo amakhala nthawi zonse pagombe la Arctic ku Canada, Alaska, United States of America, Greenland, Iceland, Norway ndi Russia. M'nyengo yozizira, amapezeka kumwera kwa Great Britain, North America, Korea ndi gombe la Nyanja Yakuda ndi Caspian.
Malo okhala ndi bakha wautali.
Abakha amtundu wautali amakhala m'malo osiyanasiyana. Monga lamulo, amakhala m'nyanja kapena m'nyanja zikuluzikulu, nthawi yachilimwe amapezeka panyanja zamtunda. Amakonda malo omwe amaphatikiza kupezeka kwamadzi am'madzi komanso apadziko lapansi. Abakha amtundu wautali amakhala m'madambo otentha ku Arctic, deltas, headlands, m'mphepete mwa nyanja ndi zisumbu za m'mphepete mwa nyanja. Amakhala m'malo okhala achinyezi komanso matupi amadzi omwe akuyenda. M'nyengo yotentha amakonda matupi osaya ndi zomera zam'madzi. Kunja kwanyengo, abakha amiyala yayitali amapezeka kutali ndi gombe, m'madzi amchere amchere kapena amchere. Ngakhale sizachilendo, zimabisala m'madzi akulu komanso akuya amadzi.
Kuswana kwa bakha wautali.
Monga mamembala ambiri amtundu wa bakha, abakha amtundu wautali ndi mbalame zokonda kucheza ndi amuna okhaokha. Amamanga awiriawiri kapena m'magulu ochepa. Mabanja atha kukhala zaka zingapo, kapena anthu amasankha wokwatirana naye nthawi iliyonse yokwatirana. Abakha amtundu wautali amakhala ndi chibwenzi chovuta, pomwe chachimuna chimapeza chachikazi ndikubweza mutu wake ndikumenyetsa mlomo. Kenako akutsitsa mutu wake ndikufuula mokweza. Kuyimbaku nthawi zambiri kumakopa amuna ena, ndipo amayamba kumenyana ndikuthamangitsana. Mkazi amayankha kuitana kwamphongo ndikusunga mutu wake pafupi ndi thupi lake.
Kubereka kumayambira Meyi, koma nthawi imasiyanasiyana kutengera kupezeka kwa chakudya. Abakha amtundu wautali amatha kukwatirana kuyambira chaka chachiwiri atabadwa. Pafupi ndi madzi otseguka, abwino komanso am'nyanja, amasankha malo ouma obisika m'miyala kapena pansi pa chitsamba. Mkazi amamanga chisa chooneka ngati mbale. Amapangidwa ndi udzu ndikubudula kuchokera m'thupi lake kupita kunja kwa chisa.
Kawirikawiri pamakhala mazira 6 - 8 mu clutch, kukula kwa clutch nthawi zina kumafikira mazira 17, koma izi ndizomwe zimachitika chifukwa cha parasitism ya chisa, pomwe akazi ena amaikira mazira m'zisa za ena. Mzimayi amakhala ndi ana m'modzi pachaka, koma akawonongeka, amagona kachiwiri. Mukayika mazira, nthawi yosungunulira imatenga masiku 24 mpaka 30. Ana aang'ono amakhala pachisa mpaka atakonzeka kwa masiku 35 kapena 40 enanso. Pakadali pano, yaikazi imatsogolera anapiye ake kumadzi ndikuwaphunzitsa momwe angapezere chakudya. Kenako anapiye amasonkhana m'magulu a ana atatu kapena anayi, omwe nthawi zambiri amatsogoleredwa ndi bakha wodziwa zambiri. Nthawi yonse yobereka, yamphongo imakhala pafupi ndikuteteza chisa. Chakumapeto kwa Juni komanso koyambirira kwa Seputembala, drake imachoka m'malo opangira zisa. Mu Ogasiti - Seputembala, abakha amasiya anapiye awo kuti akasungunuke pamalo obisika.
Abakha amtundu wautali amakhala ndi moyo zaka 15.3. Nthawi ina, mwamuna wamkulu amakhala kuthengo zaka 22.7.
Zodziwika bwino zamakhalidwe a bakha wautali
Abakha amtundu wautali ndi mbalame zosamukira kwathunthu. Nthawi zonse amakhala m'magulu, koma amapewa ubale wama interspecies. Mbalame zimathera nthawi yochuluka kupeza chakudya zikaviikidwa m'madzi kutali ndi gombe.
Chakudya cha bakha wautali.
Abakha amtundu wautali amadya zakudya zosiyanasiyana. Zakudya zawo zimaphatikizapo: ma crustaceans, molluscs, nyama zam'madzi zopanda nsomba, nsomba zazing'ono, mazira, tizilombo ndi mphutsi zawo. Kuphatikiza apo, amadya zakudya zamasamba: algae, udzu, mbewu ndi zipatso za tundra. Kafukufuku akuwonetsa kuti mbalame zazikulu zimakonda nkhanu, zomwe zimapereka mphamvu zochulukirapo pagalamu imodzi yolemera, kuposa nyama zina zomwe zilipo. Abakha achikulire amtundu wautali nthawi zambiri amadyetsa pafupifupi 80% yamasana m'nyengo yozizira.
Monga lamulo, abakha amathamangira m'madzi ndikusankha ma epibenthos mita 100 kuchokera pagombe. Ngakhale abakha amtundu wautali si mbalame zazikulu kwambiri, amadyetsa mwamphamvu kuti akwaniritse zosowa zawo zakuthupi ndi zamagetsi.
Abakha amtundu wautali amakhala ndi zosintha zingapo zomwe zimawapangitsa kukhala odyetsa opambana. Choyamba, ali ndi mlomo wofanana ndi chisel, wokhotakhota kumapeto kwake, womwe umathandiza kutenga epibenthos kuchokera kumagawo ang'onoang'ono. Kachiwiri, abakha amiyala yayitali amakhala ndi mano ang'onoang'ono pamilomo yawo, zomwe zimawathandiza kuti azitha kunyamula tizinyama tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono. Kuphatikiza apo, mawonekedwe amthupi ndi kuthekera kolowera m'madzi zimapatsa mwayi wofunikira kuposa nyama.
Kuteteza kwa abakha amiyala yayitali.
Bakha wa mchira wautali ndiye mitundu yokhayo yamtundu wake, motero chamoyo chosangalatsa kuphunzira ndi kuteteza. Ngakhale abakha amtundu wautali ali ndi malo ambiri pogawa ndikugwiritsa ntchito mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya nyama ndi zomera, kuchuluka kwawo kwatsika pang'ono pazaka 10 zapitazi. Ku North America, kuchuluka kwa abakha anyanja kwatsala pang'ono kutha pakati pazaka makumi atatu zapitazi.
Chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa malo okhala madambo chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa mafuta, ngalande ndi kuchotsa peat, malo okhala zisa akuwonongedwa. Panalinso zochitika zolembedwa zakufa kwa mbalame chifukwa cha poyizoni wokhala ndi mankhwala a lead, mercury ndi mafuta, komanso chifukwa chogwera maukonde. Amayi amiyala yayitali posachedwapa awonongeke kwambiri chifukwa cha kubuka kwa kolera ya mlengalenga. Amayambukiranso ndi fuluwenza ya avian. Pakadali pano akukhulupirira kuti pafupifupi 6,200,000 - 6,800,000 okhwima amakhala m'chigawo cha Arctic, chomwe sichikhala gawo lalikulu chonchi. Bakha wa mchira wautali ali ndi nkhawa.
