Eider Stider (Polysticta stelleri) kapena eider eider, kapena wochepera.
Zizindikiro zakunja kwa eider wa eider
Wonyamula Steller amakhala ndi kutalika pafupifupi 43 -48 cm, mapiko otalika: 69 mpaka 76 cm. Kulemera: 860 g.
Ili ndi bakha laling'ono - diver, mawonekedwe ake ndi ofanana kwambiri ndi mallard. Eider amasiyana ndi eider ena pamutu pake mozungulira komanso mchira wakuthwa. Mtundu wa nthenga zamphongo m'nyengo yokwatira ndi yokongola kwambiri.
Mutu uli ndi malo oyera, danga lozungulira maso ndi lakuda. Khosi ndi lobiriwira mdima, nthenga zake ndizofanana pakati pa diso ndi mulomo. Malo ena amdima amawoneka pachifuwa pansi pamapiko. Khola lakuda lazungulira pakhosi ndikupitilira pagulu lalikulu lomwe limatsikira kumbuyo. Chifuwa ndi mimba ndi zofiirira zofiirira, zotumbululuka mosiyana ndi mbali zamthupi. Mchira ndi wakuda. Mapikowo ndi ofiira-buluu. Ma underwings ndi oyera. Miphika ndi milomo ndi imvi buluu.
M'nthawi yachisanu, yamphongo imawoneka yocheperako ndipo imafanana kwambiri ndi yaikazi, kupatula nthenga za mutu ndi chifuwa, zomwe zimasiyanasiyana - zoyera. Mkazi ali ndi nthenga zofiirira, mutu wake ndi wopepuka pang'ono. Nthenga zakuwuluka zakuthambo ndizamtambo (kupatula nyengo yachisanu yoyamba pomwe zili zofiirira) komanso zoyera mkati.
Chingwe chowala chimafalikira kuzungulira maso.
Kachilombo kakang'ono kamagwera kumbuyo kwa mutu.
Pothawira mwachangu, champhongo chimakhala ndi mapiko oyera ndi m'mbali mwake; chachikazi chimakhala ndi mapanelo oyera mapiko oyera ndi m'mbali mwake.
Makhalidwe a Eider's eider
Steller's Eider imafikira kugombe lamapiri ku Arctic. Amapezeka m'malo osungira madzi abwino, pafupi ndi gombe, m'malo amiyala, mkamwa mwa mitsinje ikuluikulu. Kukhazikika mabeseni amitundu ndi kukula kwake m'malo omwe ali ndi mbali zazitali zakunyanja zotseguka. Mtsinje wa delta, umakhala pakati pa Lena moss-lichen tundra. Amakonda madera okhala ndi madzi amchere, amchere kapena amchere komanso malo am'madzi. Itatha nthawi yovundikira, imasamukira kumalo okhala m'mphepete mwa nyanja.
Kufalikira kwa eider wa eider
Eider Stider amagawidwa m'mphepete mwa nyanja ya Alaska ndi Eastern Siberia. Zimapezeka mbali zonse ziwiri za Bering Strait. Nthawi yozizira imachitika pakati pa mbalame kumwera kwa Nyanja ya Bering ndi madzi akumpoto a Pacific Ocean. Koma wobisalira wa Steller sapezeka kumwera kwa zilumba za Aleutian. Mbalame imodzi yayikulu kwambiri yomwe imadutsa ku Scandinavia m'mitsinje yaku Norway komanso pagombe la Baltic Sea.
Makhalidwe a eider wa eider
Odyera a Stellerov ndi mbalame zomwe zimakonda kusukulu zomwe zimapanga magulu ambiri chaka chonse. Mbalame zimakhala m'magulu akuluakulu, omwe amasambira nthawi imodzi kufunafuna chakudya, samasakanikirana ndi mitundu ina. Amuna amakhala chete, koma ngati kuli kofunikira, amalira mofuula, komwe kumafanana ndi kulira kwachidule.
Eider amasambira pamadzi ndi mchira wawo.
Zikakhala zoopsa, amanyamuka mosavuta komanso mwachangu kuposa ma eider ena ambiri. Pouluka, mapiko am'mapiko amatulutsa mkokomo. Akazi amalankhulana ndikukuwa, kubangula kapena kutsokomera, kutengera momwe zinthu ziliri.
Kuberekanso kwa eider wa eider
Nthawi yodzikira kwa oponyera a Stellerov imayamba mu Juni. Nthawi zina mbalame zimakhazikika m'magulu awiriawiri osalimba kwambiri, koma kangapo m'magulu ang'onoang'ono mpaka zisa 60. Chisa chakuya chimakhala ndi udzu, ndere ndipo chimakhala ndi fluff. Mbalame zimamanga zisa zawo m'matope kapena m'malo obisalapo pakati pa zotumphukira, nthawi zambiri zimangokhala m'mamitala angapo amadzi, ndipo zimabisala pakati paudzu.
Ndi azimayi okha omwe amawaikira mazira, nthawi zambiri amachokera mazira 7 mpaka 9.
Pakati pa makulitsidwe, amuna amasonkhana m'magulu akulu pafupi ndi gombe. Anapiye akangotuluka, amasiya zisa zawo. Zazikazi limodzi ndi ana awo zimasamukira kugombe, komwe zimapanga gulu.
Zoyendetsa za Steller zimasuntha mpaka makilomita 3000 chifukwa cha molt. M'malo otetezeka, amadikirira nthawi yopanda ndege, kenako amapitilira kumalo ozizira kwambiri. Nthawi ya molting ndiyosiyana kwambiri. Nthawi zina ma eider amayamba kusungunuka koyambirira kwa Ogasiti, koma mzaka zina molt imayamba mpaka Novembala. M'malo osungunuka, ma eider a Steller amapanga ziweto zomwe zimatha kupitilira anthu 50,000.
Gulu lofanana kukula kwake limapezekanso mchaka cha masika pamene mbalame zimapanga magulu awiriawiri. Kusamuka kwa masika kumayamba mu Marichi ku East Asia ndipo kwina kumayamba mu Epulo, nthawi zambiri kumafika mu Meyi. Kufika kumalo opangira zisa kumayambiriro kwa Juni. Gulu laling'ono limatsalira nthawi yonse yotentha kudera lozizira ku Varangerfjiord.
Kudya Eider wa Eider
Eider a Stellerov ndi mbalame zodabwitsa. Amadya zakudya zamasamba: algae, mbewu. Koma amadya makamaka bivalve molluscs, komanso tizilombo, nyongolotsi zam'madzi, nkhanu ndi nsomba zazing'ono. M'nyengo yoswana, amamwa zamoyo zina zodya madzi, kuphatikizapo chironomids ndi mphutsi za caddis. Pakati pa molting, ma bivalve molluscs ndiwo chakudya chachikulu
Mkhalidwe wa Consider wa eider wa Stellerov
Stellerova Eider ndi mitundu yosavutikira chifukwa ikucheperachepera, makamaka m'magulu akuluakulu aku Alaska. Kafukufuku wowonjezereka amafunikira kuti adziwe zomwe zimayambitsa kuchepa uku, komanso ngati anthu ena atha kusamutsidwa kupita kumalo osafufuzidwako.
Zifukwa zakuchepa kwa chiwerengero cha owerenga Steller
Kafukufuku wasonyeza kuti oyendetsa ndege a Steller ndi omwe atha kudwala kwambiri poyizoni, ngakhale dziko lonse laletsa kugwiritsa ntchito lead mu 1991. Matenda opatsirana komanso kuipitsa madzi kumatha kukhudza kuchuluka kwa akalulu a Steller m'malo awo ozizira kumwera chakumadzulo kwa Alaska. Amuna amakhala pachiwopsezo chachikulu pakazisungunuka ndipo amakhala osaka nyama mosavuta.
Zisa za Eider zawonongedwa ndi nkhandwe ku Arctic, akadzidzi achisanu ndi ma skuas.
Kusungunuka kwa madzi oundana kumpoto kwa Arctic kumpoto kwa gombe la Alaska ndi Russia kungakhudze malo okhala mbalame zosowa. Kuwonongeka kwa malo kumakhalanso panthawi yofufuza ndikugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zachilengedwe, kuipitsa ndi zinthu zamafuta kumakhala koopsa makamaka. Ntchito yomanga misewu ku Alaska, yovomerezedwa ndi US Congress ku 2009, itha kusintha kwambiri malo okhalamo a Steller.
Njira zachilengedwe
European Action Plan for the Conservation of Steller's Eider, yomwe idasindikizidwa mu 2000, idalimbikitsa kukhazikitsidwa kwa malo okhala pafupifupi 4.528 km2 a m'mphepete mwa nyanja kuti asunge zamoyozi. Ndi mtundu wotetezedwa ku Russia ndi United States. Ku Russia, ntchito yowerengera mbalame ili mkati, malo atsopano otetezedwa akuyembekezeka kupangidwa m'malo achisanu pachilumba cha Podshipnik ndi malo ena otetezedwa ku Komandorsky Nature Reserve. Gaga Stellerova adalembedwa mu Zowonjezera I ndi II za CITES.
Tengani njira zochepetsera ziwopsezo zenizeni, monga poyizoni ndi mankhwala amtovu, omwe amaipitsa chilengedwe cha mabizinesi akampani. Chepetsani nsomba za eider m'malo okhalamo. Thandizani mapulogalamu ogwirira mbalame zosawerengeka kuti abwezeretsenso mitundu yachilengedwe.
