Bakha wakuda waku Africa (Anas sparsa) ndi wa banja la bakha, dongosolo la Anseriformes.
Zizindikiro zakunja za bakha wakuda waku Africa
Bakha wakuda waku Africa ali ndi kukula kwa thupi masentimita 58, kulemera kwake: 760 - 1077 gramu.
Nthenga mu kuswana nthenga ndi kunja kwa nyengo yoswana ndizofanana. Mwa abakha akuluakulu, mbali zakumtunda ndi zofiirira. Zolimba zachikasu zimayang'ana kwambiri kumbuyo ndi kumunsi kwamimba. Nthawi zina mkanda wamtambo woyera moyera umakongoletsa chifuwa chapamwamba. Mchira ndi bulauni. Nthenga zam'mwamba ndi mchira zimayera zoyera.
Thupi lonse ndi lamdima, lokhala ndi mizere yoyera komanso yachikaso. Nthenga zonse zokutira zamapiko ndizofanana ndi kumbuyo, kupatula nthenga zazikulu zazikulu, zomwe zimakhala ndi malo oyera oyera, ndipo nthenga zachiwiri zamapiko zimakhala ndi ubweya wobiriwira wabuluu wokhala ndi chitsulo chachitsulo. Pansi pa mapikowo pali zofiirira ndi nsonga zoyera. Madera omenyedwa pansi ndi oyera. Nthenga za mchira ndi zakuda kwambiri.
Mkazi ali ndi nthenga zakuda, pafupifupi zakuda kuposa zamphongo. Kukula kwa bakha kumakhala kocheperako, izi zimawonekera makamaka mbalame zikapanga awiriawiri. Chophimba cha nthenga za bakha achichepere chimakhala chofanana ndi cha mbalame zazikulu, koma mikwingwirima siyosiyana kwenikweni ndi bulauni. Mimba ndi yoyera, pamakhala mawanga ochepa pamwamba, ndipo nthawi zina samakhalapo. Zigamba zachikasu kumchira. "Galasi" ndi lotopetsa. Nthenga zazikulu zokutira sizikhala zolimba.
Mtundu wa miyendo ndi mapazi umasiyana ndi wachikasu bulauni, bulauni, lalanje. Iris ndi bulauni yakuda. Mwa anthu a subspecies A. s. sparsa, bilu ya imvi, mwina yakuda. Abakha A. s leucostigma ali ndi mlomo wa pinki wokhala ndi tabu komanso owonera mdima. Subpecies A. s maclatchyi ali ndi mlomo wakuda, kupatula maziko ake.
Malo okhala bakha wakuda waku Africa
Abakha akuda aku Africa amakonda mitsinje yosaya yomwe imayenda mwachangu.
Amasambira m'madzi ndikupuma pamphepete mwa miyala yomwe ili kumadera akutali a nkhalango ndi mapiri. Mtundu uwu wa abakha umakhala m'malo mpaka 4250 mita pamwamba pa nyanja. Mbalame zimapeza malo osiyanasiyana otseguka, owuma komanso onyowa. Amakhazikika m'mbali mwa nyanja, m'mphepete mwa nyanja komanso m'mphepete mwa mitsinje yokhala ndi mchenga. Amapezekanso pamitsinje yomwe imayenda pang'onopang'ono ndikuyandama m'madzi am'mbuyo. Abakha akuda aku Africa amapita kumalo opangira madzi onyansa.
Munthawi yakukwera, abakha akauluka, amapeza ngodya zobisalira zokhala ndi masamba owundana osakhala kutali ndi malo odyetserako ziweto, ndipo amakhala m'mphepete mwa nyanja, zodzala ndi tchire, komwe mungapeze pobisalira.
Bakha wakuda waku Africa anafalikira
Abakha akuda aku Africa amagawidwa mdziko la Africa kumwera kwa Sahara. Gawo lawo logawira lili ndi Nigeria, Cameroon ndi Gabon. Komabe, bakha wamtunduwu kulibe m'nkhalango zambiri zam'malo otentha ku Central Africa ndi madera ouma akumwera chakumadzulo kwa kontinentiyo ndi Angola. Abakha akuda aku Africa afalikira kwambiri ku East Africa ndi kumwera kwa Africa. Amapezeka kuchokera ku Ethiopia ndi Sudan kupita ku Cape of Good Hope. Amakhala ku Uganda, Kenya ndi Zaire.
Subpecies zitatu zimadziwika movomerezeka:
- Sparsa (nomin subspecies) imagawidwa kumwera kwa Africa, Zambia ndi Mozambique.
- A. leucostigma imagawidwa kudera lonselo, kupatula Gabon.
- Subpecies A. maclatchyi amakhala m'nkhalango za Gabon ndi kumwera kwa Cameroon.
Makhalidwe a bakha wakuda waku Africa
Abakha akuda aku Africa nthawi zambiri amakhala awiriawiri kapena mabanja. Monga abakha ambiri amtsinje, amakhala ndi ubale wolimba, anzawo amakhala limodzi kwa nthawi yayitali.
Abakha akuda aku Africa amadyera makamaka m'mawa ndi madzulo. Tsiku lonse limakhala mumthunzi wa zomera m'madzi. Amalandira chakudya chofananira ndi nthumwi za bakha, samizidwa m'madzi kwathunthu, kusiya kumbuyo kwa thupi ndi mchira pamwamba, ndipo mutu ndi khosi zimamizidwa pansi pamadzi. Zimachitika kawirikawiri kutsika.
Abakha akuda aku Africa ndi mbalame zamanyazi kwambiri ndipo amakonda kukhala pansi osayenda pagombe ndikuthamangira kumadzi munthu akafika.
Kuswana bakha wakuda waku Africa
Nthawi yoswana mu bakha wakuda waku Africa imasiyana munthawi zosiyanasiyana kutengera dera:
- kuyambira Julayi mpaka Disembala m'chigawo cha Cape,
- kuyambira Meyi mpaka Ogasiti ku Zambia,
- mu Januware-Julayi ku Ethiopia.
Mosiyana ndi mitundu ina ya abakha ambiri mu Africa, zimakhazikika nthawi yadzuwa, mwina chifukwa chakuti zimakhala m'mitsinje ikuluikulu, zikangokhala zigumula zazing'ono. Nthawi zonse, chisa chimakhala pamtunda mu udzu kapena pachilumba china chomwe chimapangidwa ndi nthambi zoyandama, mitengo ikuluikulu, kapena kutsukidwa kumtunda ndi pano. Nthawi zina mbalame zimakonza zisa zawo mmitengo yokwanira.
Pofundira pali mazira 4 mpaka 8, azimayi okha ndi omwe amakhala pamenepo masiku 30. Ana aang'ono amakhala pachisalacho kwa masiku pafupifupi 86. Munthawi imeneyi, bakha okha ndi omwe amadyetsa ana ndikuyendetsa. Drake amachotsedwa posamalira anapiye.
Kudya bakha wakuda waku Africa
Abakha akuda aku Africa ndi mbalame zodabwitsa.
Amadya zakudya zamasamba zosiyanasiyana. Amadya zomera zam'madzi, mbewu, mbewu za mbewu zolimidwa, zipatso zamitengo yapamtunda ndi zitsamba zomwe zimapachikika pakadali pano. Amakondanso zipatso zamtundu wa muriers (Morus) ndi zitsamba (Pryacantha). Njere zimakololedwa m'minda yokololedwa.
Kuphatikiza apo, abakha akuda aku Africa amadya nyama zazing'ono ndi zinyalala. Zakudyazo zimaphatikizapo tizilombo ndi mphutsi zawo, nkhanu, tadpoles, komanso mazira komanso mwachangu mukamabereka nsomba.
Kuteteza kwa bakha wakuda waku Africa
Bakha wakuda waku Africa ndi wochuluka, kuyambira 29,000 mpaka 70,000 anthu. Mbalamezi siziopsezedwa ndi malo okhala. Ngakhale kuti malowa ndiochulukirapo ndipo ndi opitilira 9 miliyoni ma square metres. Km, bakha wakuda waku Africa kulibe kumadera onse, chifukwa momwe mitundu iyi ilili yoletsedwa kwambiri komanso yobisa, chifukwa chake kachulukidwe kachepa. Bakha wakuda waku Africa amapezeka kwambiri kumwera kwa Africa.
Mitunduyi ili ndi gulu lomwe lingawopseze kuchuluka kwake. Pakadali pano, kudula mitengo mwachidwi nkofunika, zomwe mosakayikira zimakhudza kubereka kwa magulu ena a anthu.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6kw2ia2nxlc
