Bakha wololedwa ndi wofiira ndi wa banja la bakha, dongosolo la Anseriformes.
Zizindikiro zakunja kwa bakha wofiira
Bakha wofiira wamtali amakula kuchokera 43 mpaka 48 cm.
Nthengazo ndi zofiirira komanso zoyera zoyera ngati mano m'mphepete mwa nthenga. Pamutu pali chipewa chakuda, nape wamtundu womwewo, mosiyana ndi nthenga zowala za nkhope. Mlomo ndi wofiira kwambiri. Mukamauluka, nthenga zachiwiri zouluka zachikasu ndi mzere wakuda pakati pawo zimawonekera. Mtundu wa nthenga zazikazi ndi zazimuna ndizofanana. Abakha achichepere okhala ndi malipilo ofiyira amakhala ndi nthenga zochepa kuposa mbalame zazikulu.
Bakha wofiira wamtundu wofalikira
Bakha wofiira wamtengo wapatali amapezeka kummawa ndi kumwera kwa Africa. Mitunduyi ili ndi mitundu yambiri, yomwe imaphatikizapo Angola, Botswana, Burundi, Congo, Djibouti, Eritrea. Amakhala ku Ethiopia, Kenya, Lesotho, Malawi, Mozambique, Namibia. Amapezeka ku Rwanda, Somalia, South Sudan, Swaziland, Tanzania. Kufalitsidwa ku Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe, Madagascar.
Makhalidwe amtundu wa bakha wofiira
Abakha okhala ndi khomo lofiira nthawi zambiri amangokhala kapena kusamukasamuka, koma amatha kuuluka maulendo ataliatali, mpaka makilomita 1800 nthawi yachilimwe. Mbalame zomangirizidwa ku South Africa zapezeka ku Namibia, Angola, Zambia ndi Mozambique. Abakha amtundu wofiira ndi mitundu yocheza komanso yotuluka munthawi yokhwima, komanso kumapeto kwa nyengo yowuma kapena nyengo yamvula yoyambirira. Amapanga masango akuluakulu, momwe kuchuluka kwa mbalame kumafikira zikwi zingapo. Gulu limodzi linali pafupifupi 500,000 ndipo lidawonedwa ku Nyanja Ngami ku Botswana.
M'nyengo yadzuwa, mbalame zazikulu zimadutsa masiku 24 mpaka 28 ndipo sizimatha kukwera phiko.
Munthawi imeneyi, abakha okhala ndi maila ofiyira nthawi zambiri amakhala usiku nthawi yamvula. Amadyera m'madzi osaya, kusonkhanitsa zamoyo zam'madzi masana masana ndikusambira pakati pazomera zam'madzi usiku.
Malo okhala bakha wofiira
Abakha amtundu wofiira amakonda ma biotopes osazama amchere okhala ndi zomera zambiri zam'madzi ndi zosaya madzi. Malo oyenera ali munyanja, madambo, mitsinje yaying'ono, maiwe am'manyengo omangidwa ndi madamu a pafamu. Amakhala m'mayiwe komanso m'minda yosefukira kwakanthawi. Mtundu uwu wa bakha umapezekanso pamtunda wa mpunga kapena mbewu zina, makamaka m'minda yopanda komwe kumakhala tirigu wosakolola.
M'nyengo yadzuwa, abakha okhala ndi maila ofiyira nthawi zonse amabala pang'ono m'magulu obalalika, owuma, osakhalitsa am'madera ouma, ngakhale akungochita izi ndikukhala m'madzi akulu otseguka pazomera zomwe zikubwera.
Kudyetsa bakha wofiira
Abakha ambozi ofiira amadyetsa mu zomera zam'madzi kapena m'minda yamanyengo makamaka madzulo kapena usiku.
Mtundu wa bakhawu umakhala wopatsa chidwi. Amadya:
- mbewu za mbewu zaulimi, njere, zipatso, mizu, mizu ndi zimayambira za zomera za m'madzi, makamaka madera;
- Nkhono zam'madzi, tizilombo (makamaka kafadala), nkhanu, mphutsi, mbozi ndi nsomba zazing'ono.
Ku South Africa, munthawi yoswana, mbalame zimadya mbewu zam'mera (mapira, manyuchi) zosakanikirana ndi ena opanda mafupa.
Kuswana bakha wofiira
Abakha amtundu wofiira ku South Africa amabereka kuyambira Disembala mpaka Epulo. Nthawi yabwino kwambiri ili m'miyezi yachilimwe. Koma nthawi ya kukaikira mazira imatha kusintha malinga ndi kuchuluka kwa madzi m'madamu nthawi yamvula. Kuikira mazira kumayambira nthawi yamvula. Awiriwa amakhala nthawi yayitali, koma sianthu onse omwe ali ndiubwenzi wokhalitsa.
Chisa ndi kupsinjika mumulu waudzu ndipo chimakhala pansi pakati paudzu, nthawi zambiri pafupi ndi madzi.
Yaimuna nthawi zina imakhala pafupi ndi chisa ndi kuteteza yaikazi ndi zowalamulira. Mkazi amaikira mazira 5 mpaka 12. Amakhala ndi zikopa kuyambira masiku 25 mpaka 28. Anapiye amakwanira pakatha miyezi iwiri.
Kusunga bakha wamilomo yofiira mu ukapolo
Abakha ambozi ofiira amasungidwa m'makola aulere nthawi yotentha. Kukula kochepa kwa chipindacho ndi pafupifupi 3 mita mita. M'nyengo yozizira, bakha wamtunduwu amafuna zinthu zabwino kwambiri, chifukwa chake, abakha amitengo yofiyira amasunthidwa kumalo otchingidwa, momwe kutentha kumatsika osachepera + 15 ° C. Zowononga zimayikidwa kuchokera ku nthambi, njanji kapena zowonekera. Onetsetsani kuti mwaika chidebe ndi madzi othamanga kapena osinthidwa nthawi zonse mu aviary. M'malo opumulira, amaika udzu kuchokera kuzomera zouma.
Abakha amphaka yofiira amadyetsedwa ndi tirigu, chimanga, mapira, balere. Mutha kupereka oatmeal, tirigu chinangwa, mpendadzuwa ndi chakudya cha soya. Nsomba, udzu, nyama ndi chakudya cha mafupa, zipolopolo zazing'ono, choko, gammarus amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zovala zapamwamba. M'nyengo yachilimwe ndi chilimwe, mutha kudyetsa mbalame ndi zitsamba zosiyanasiyana - letesi, dandelion, plantain. Mbalame zimakula bwino pachakudya chonyowa chopangidwa ndi kaloti wa grated ndikuwonjezera chimanga ndi mbewu zosiyanasiyana.
Pakati pa nyengo yoswana komanso pakusungunuka kwa minyewa, abakha ambozi amapatsidwa nyama ndi nsomba mosiyana. Abakha amtunduwu amagwirizana ndi mitundu ina ya bakha mchipinda chimodzi ndi mosungiramo. Mu ukapolo, utali wamoyo wazaka pafupifupi 30.
Kuteteza kwa bakha wofiira
Bakha wofiira wamtundu wofiira ndi mtundu wofala kwambiri m'malo mwake. Mwachilengedwe, pali kuchepa pang'ono kwa anthu amtunduwu, koma sikupita mwachangu kwambiri kuti ziwopseze bakha wofiira. Pali ngozi yomwe ingakhalepo chifukwa chaziphuphu za akambuku Theromyzon cooperi ndi Placobdella garoui, omwe amapatsira mbalame ndikupha.
Ku Madagascar, malo okhala zamoyozi akuopsezedwa ndikusintha kwa malo okhala.
Kuphatikiza apo, bakha wofiira wamakola amawerengedwa kuti ndiwosodza komanso kusaka masewera, zomwe zimawononga kuchuluka kwa mbalame. Malinga ndi zomwe zikugwiritsidwa ntchito ku mitundu yosawerengeka ya bakha, bakha wofiira-satera m'gululi.
