Sparrowhawk yofiira kwambiri (Accipiter ovampensis) ndi ya dongosolo la Falconiformes.
Makhalidwe azizindikiro zakunja kwa sparrowhawk wofiira
Sparrowhawk wofiira wofiira ali ndi kukula kwa masentimita 40. Mapiko ake ndi ochokera masentimita 60 mpaka 75. Kulemera kwake kumafika magalamu 105 - 305.
Wodya nyama wamphongo wamphongoyu amakhala ndi mawonekedwe komanso matupi ofanana, monga nkhono zonse zowona. Mlomo ndi waufupi. Sera ndi pinki, mutu ndi waung'ono, wachisomo. Miyendo ndi yopyapyala kwambiri komanso yayitali. Mapeto ake amafikira kutalika kwa mchira, womwe ndi waufupi. Zizindikiro zakunja kwamwamuna ndi wamkazi ndizofanana. Amayi ndi akulu 12% ndipo 85% amalemera kuposa amuna.
Mtundu wa nthenga zazingwe zofiira, mitundu iwiri yosiyana imawoneka: mawonekedwe owala ndi amdima.
- Amuna owoneka bwino amakhala ndi nthenga zaimvi. Kumchira, nthiti za mitundu yakuda ndi imvi zimasinthasintha. Chotupacho chimakongoletsedwa ndi mawanga ang'onoang'ono oyera, omwe amawonekera kwambiri nthenga za nthawi yozizira. Pawiri wa nthenga zapakati ndi mikwingwirima ndi mawanga osiyana. Pakhosi ndi thupi lotsikirapo ndi loyera kwathunthu ndi imvi ndi zoyera, kupatula pamimba wapansi, womwe ndi yoyera mofananamo. Akazi a mawonekedwe owala amakhala ndi mitundu yambiri ya bulauni ndipo pansi pake pali mizere yakuthwa.
- Sparrowhawks achikulire achikuda ofiira ofiira ndi ofiira kwambiri, kupatula mchira, womwe umakhala ngati mbalame yopepuka. Iris ndi ofiira kapena ofiira ofiira. Sera ndi mawoko ndi achikasu-lalanje. Mbalame zazing'ono zimakhala ndi nthenga zofiirira ndi zowunikira. Nsidze zowoneka pamwamba pamaso. Mchira wokutidwa ndi mikwingwirima, koma mtundu wawo woyera sutchuka. Pansi pake pamakhala poterera ndikumakhudza mdima m'mbali. Iris ya diso ndi yofiirira. Miyendo ndi yachikasu.
Malo okhala mpheta zofiira
Mpheta zam'mbali zofiira zimakhala m'malo ouma a shrub savanna, komanso m'malo okhala ndi tchire laminga. Ku South Africa, amakhala mokhazikika m'minda ndi m'minda ya bulugamu, popula, mapaini ndi sis, koma nthawi zonse amakhala pafupi. Ziweto zolusa nthenga zimakhala zazitali pafupifupi 1.8 km pamwamba pamadzi.
Kufalikira kwa sparrowhawk wofiira
Ma Sparrowhawks ofiira ofiira amakhala ku Africa.
Kugawidwa kumwera kwa chipululu cha Sahara. Mitundu ya mbalame zodya nyama sizidziwika kwenikweni, ndipo ndizodabwitsa, makamaka ku Senegal, Gambia, Sierra Leone, Togo. Komanso ku Equatorial Guinea, Nigeria, Central African Republic ndi Kenya. Ma Sparrowhawks ofiira ofiira amadziwika bwino kumwera kwa kontrakitala. Amapezeka ku Angola, kumwera kwa Zaire ndi Mozambique, komanso mpaka kumwera kwa Botswana, Swaziland, kumpoto ndi South Africa.
Makhalidwe a sparrowhawk wofiira
Mbalame zam'mbali zofiira zimakhala zokha kapena pawiri. M'nyengo yoti zikwererana, yaimuna ndi yaikazi zimauluka kapena kuyendetsa ndege mozungulira mofuula. Amuna amawonetsanso maulendo apaulendo osayenda. Kummwera kwa Africa, mbalame zodya nyama zimakhala pamitengo yachilendo limodzi ndi nyama zina zodya nthenga.
Ma hawk ofiira ofiira amakhala mbalame zokhazikika komanso zosakhazikika, amathanso kuwuluka.
Anthu ochokera ku South Africa amakhala m'malo okhazikika, pomwe mbalame zochokera kumadera akumpoto zimasuntha nthawi zonse. Zomwe zimasunthira izi sizikudziwika, koma mbalamezi zimayenda pafupipafupi kupita ku Ecuador. Mwachidziwikire, amayenda mitunda yayitali kukafunafuna chakudya chochuluka.
Kubalana kwa mpheta yofiira
Nyengo ya mpheta zammbali zofiira zimayamba kuyambira Ogasiti-Seputembala mpaka Disembala ku South Africa. Mu Meyi ndi September, mbalame zodya nyama zimaswana ku Kenya. Zambiri zanthawi yakuberekera kumadera ena sizidziwika. Chisa chaching'ono chokhala ngati chikho chimamangidwa ndi nthambi zoonda. Amayeza masentimita 35 mpaka 50 m'mimba mwake komanso masentimita 15 kapena 20 kuya. Mkati mwake mumadzaza ndi timitengo ting'onoting'ono kapena zidutswa za makungwa, masamba owuma komanso obiriwira. Chisa chimakhala pamtunda wa 10 mpaka 20 mita pansi, nthawi zambiri pamphanda mumtengo waukulu pansi pa denga. Ma Sparrowhawks ofiira ofiira nthawi zonse amasankha mtengo waukulu kwambiri, makamaka popula, bulugamu kapena paini ku South Africa. Clutch, monga lamulo, pali mazira atatu, omwe mkazi amawasungira masiku 33 mpaka 36. Anapiye amakhalabe m'chisa masiku ena 33 asanachoke.
Kudya mpheta yammbali yofiira
Sparrowhawks ofiira ofiira amadyera makamaka mbalame zazing'ono, komanso nthawi zina amatenga tizilombo tomwe timauluka. Amuna amakonda kuukira mbalame zazing'ono za Passerine, pomwe zazikazi, zamphamvu kwambiri, zimatha kugwira mbalame zazikulu ngati nkhunda. Nthawi zambiri omwe amazunzidwa amakhala ziphuphu. Amuna amasankha nyama yolemera yolemera magalamu 10 mpaka 60, akazi amatha kugwira nyama mpaka magalamu 250, kulemera kumeneku nthawi zina kumapitilira thupi lawo.
Sparrowhawks wammbali ofiira nthawi zambiri amawononga atabisala, omwe amabisika bwino kapena amapezeka pamalo otseguka komanso owoneka bwino. Zikatere, mbalame zodya nyama zimathamangira m'masamba mwachangu ndipo zimakola nyama yomwe zikuuluka. Komabe, zimakonda kuzolowera kuti mbalame zamitundumitundu zimathamangitsa nyama zawo pothawira m'nkhalango kapena m'malo odyetserako ziweto omwe amapanga gawo lawo losaka. Sparrowhawks wammbali ofiira amasaka mbalame imodzi komanso gulu la mbalame zazing'ono. Nthawi zambiri zimauluka m'mwamba, ndipo nthawi zina zimatsika kuchokera kutalika kwa mita 150 kuti zigwire nyama.
Malo osungira sparrowhawk wofiira
Ma Sparrowhawks ofiira ofiira nthawi zambiri amawoneka ngati mbalame zosowa nthawi zambiri, kupatula ku South Africa, komwe amasinthidwa kukhala chisa pafupi ndi minda ndi nthaka yolimapo.
Chifukwa cha izi, zimafalikira pafupipafupi kuposa mitundu ina yomwe ili ya nkhwangwa zowona. M'madera awa, kuchuluka kwa zisa ndizochepa ndipo akuti ndi awiriawiri 1 kapena 2 pa kilomita 350. Ngakhale zili ndi chidziwitso chotere, kuchuluka kwa mpheta zammbali zofiira akuyerekezedwa ndi anthu masauzande angapo, ndipo malo onse okhala mitunduyo ndi yayikulu kwambiri ndipo ili ndi dera lalikulu ma kilomita 3.5 miliyoni. Kulosera zakutsogolo kwa mitunduyi kumawoneka kopatsa chiyembekezo, popeza mpheta zammbali zofiira zimawoneka modekha, ngati kuti zikupitilizabe kuzolowera chilengedwe motsogoleredwa ndi anthu. Izi zikuyenera kupitilirabe ndipo mitundu iyi ya mbalame zodya nyama zizilowa m'malo atsopano posachedwa. Chifukwa chake, mpheta zammbali zofiira sizikusowa chitetezo chapadera komanso ulemu, ndipo njira zapadera zotetezera sizigwiritsidwa ntchito kwa iwo. Mitunduyi imagawidwa ngati yopanda chiwopsezo chochuluka.
