Mbalame zamatchire zamatchire kapena malo owala zamawangamawanga (lat Corydoras paleatus) ndi imodzi mwamadzi odziwika kwambiri ndi nsomba zam'madzi. Ndi mphaka wamtendere, wolimba komanso wosavuta kuweta.
Omwe amakhala m'madzi okhala zaka zoposa 100, adapezeka koyamba mu 1830. Iye ndi m'modzi mwa nsomba zoyambirira zomwe zidasungidwa mu ukapolo, koyamba kuti alandire mwachangu mu 1876, ku Paris. Lipoti loyamba la kuswana bwino lidayamba mchaka cha 1876.
Kukhala m'chilengedwe
Amachokera ku South America ndipo adafotokozedwa koyamba ndi Charles Darwin mu 1830. Amakhala m'mitsinje ndi mitsinje yamadzi amodzi mwa mitsinje yayikulu kwambiri ku Rio de la Plata.
Amapezeka m'mitsinje ku Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay ndi Uruguay. Dzinalo la sayansi lili ndi mawu achi Latin - Cory (chisoti), doras (khungu), ndi palea (phulusa, lingaliro la utoto wake).
Nsombazi zimatha kupanga phokoso pogwiritsa ntchito zipsepse zawo zam'mimba. Amuna amapanga phokoso panthawi yobereka, akazi ndi ana akamapanikizika.
Zovuta zazomwe zilipo
Wopanda ulemu, wamtendere, nsomba zamasukulu. Ovomerezeka kwa oyamba kumene, bola pakhale chakudya chokwanira komanso kusamalira madzi oyera.
Kufotokozera
Khonde lamangamanga, lotchedwa catfish yamawangamawanga, ndi nsomba zamatambala zotchuka kwambiri komanso zodziwika bwino. Makonde amkuwa okha (Corydoras aenus) ndi nsomba za panda zingapikisane naye.
Amakula ang'onoang'ono, amuna mpaka masentimita 5, ndipo akazi mpaka masentimita 6. Thupi ndi squat, lokutidwa ndi mafupa a mafupa, kumene dzina la sayansi la banja limachokera - Callichthyidae kapena catfish yonyamula zida.
Pa nsagwada kumtunda kuli ndevu ziwiri za ndevu mothandizidwa ndi nsombazi pansi pake.
Mtundu wa thupi ndi azitona wotumbululuka wobiriwira wobiriwira kapena wabuluu. Kumwazikana kwa mabanga amdima kumwazikana pathupi, ndipo sikumabwereza mwa anthu awiri nthawi imodzi.
Zithunzizi zimawonekera ponseponse, kumapeto kwake kumakhala mzere wamdima womwe umayendetsedwa ndi cheza choyamba. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya maalubino ndi golide yasinthidwa. Catfish yomwe imagwidwa m'chilengedwe imasiyana mosiyanasiyana pamawangamawanga, komanso yowala kwambiri kuposa yomwe imawumbidwa m'nyanjayi.
Izi zimachitika chifukwa chosamalidwa kwanthawi yayitali munthawi zina komanso kuswana ndi abale.
Kutalika kwa moyo kumakhala zaka 5 mpaka 10, koma kumadalira kwambiri kutentha kwamadzi ndi mikhalidwe yomangidwa. Kutentha kumatentha, kuthamanga kwa thupi ndikufupikitsa moyo.
Monga makonde ena, zamawangamawanga nthawi zina zimakwera pamwamba kuti zitenge mpweya. Amatha kupuma mpweya wam'mlengalenga powutenga pamwamba ndikuwutaya m'matumbo.
Nthawi ndi nthawi amadzuka pambuyo pake, koma ngati izi zimachitika pafupipafupi, kuchuluka kwa mpweya wosungunuka mu aquarium kumakhala kotsika ndipo aeration iyenera kuyatsidwa.
Monga mitundu yambiri ya mphalapala, nsomba zamawangamawanga zokhala ndi mikwingwirima zimakhala ndi minyewa yakuthwa pansi pa maso, pansi pa mapiko adipose, komanso chakumbuyo. Amaletsa nsomba zazikulu kuti zisameze. Komabe, mukamabzala, mphalayi imatha kusokonezeka muukonde, ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito chidebe kapena ukonde wopangidwa ndi nsalu zowirira.
Catfish ndi yamtendere kwambiri komanso imagwira ntchito tsiku lonse, ngakhale atha kukhala m'malo amodzi nthawi yayitali, kufunafuna chakudya. Ndibwino kuti muzisunga nkhosa zamawangamawanga, chifukwa zimakonda kukhala pagulu.
Ngakhale
Oyenera m'madzi am'madzi ang'onoang'ono ndi akulu, amangamanga amapambana kwambiri pagulu la anthu atatu kapena asanu.
Anansi oyenera kwa iye ndi ometa mwamtendere, ma zebrafish, onyamula amoyo, killifish, ma tetra ang'ono, ndi ma cichlids amphongo monga Ramirezi.
Kumbukirani kuti catfish imakonda madzi ozizira ndipo pewani kuwasunga ndi mitundu yamadzi ofunda monga discus. Komanso, musasunge nsomba zamawangamawanga zokhala ndi mitundu ikuluikulu komanso yaukali.
Zokhutira
Nsomba zapansi zomwe zimakhala tsiku lonse kufunafuna chakudya pansi, zimafuna nthaka yapakatikati, mchenga kapena miyala yoyera, makamaka mitundu yakuda. Mwala wamiyala, makamaka womwe uli ndi mbali zakuthwa, udzavulaza mizere yawo yovuta.
Zomera zamoyo zidzakhala zabwino, koma zopangira zitha kuperekedwa. Zomera zoyandama sizimapwetekanso, nsombazi zimakonda kuwala kofewa.
Ndikofunika kuti mufunika chivundikiro chochuluka kotero kuti nsombazi zimatha kubisala. Driftwood ndi njira yabwino; onse azikongoletsa aquarium ndikupanga malo okhala.
Madzi ayenera kukhala ozizira pang'ono kuposa masiku onse ku nsomba zam'malo otentha. Kutentha 20 - 24 ° C, kapena ngakhale kutsika. Mawangamawanga sakonda kutentha kwapamwamba kuposa 25 ° C, chifukwa chake ndi bwino kuziziritsa madzi chilimwechi.
Madzi ofewa amakonda, koma nsomba zam'madzi zimakhalamo popanda zotsatira. Amalekereranso mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya pH mpaka 7.0 komanso kupitilira apo.
Ndikofunikira kupewa madzi amchere kwambiri, komanso kusintha kwama parameter mwachangu. Chachikulu ndikuti magawo amadzi anu anali okhazikika, ndipo wamawangamawanga azizolowera.
Kudyetsa
Ng'ombe zamatambala amakonda chakudya chamoyo, koma sangasiye mazira, granules, ma flakes, kapena mapiritsi. Mitundu yamoyo yabwino kwambiri ndi ma virus a magazi, brine shrimp ndi tubifex.
Amadyetsa zokhazokha kuchokera pansi, chifukwa chake ndikofunikira kuwonetsetsa kuti apeza chakudya chokwanira. Chakudya cha catfish chakumwa ndi chisankho chabwino ngati simukufuna kudyetsa amoyo.
Ngakhale zamawangamawanga zimagwira ntchito tsiku lonse, nthawi zambiri amadyetsa usiku, chifukwa chake kuponya mapiritsi ochepa dzuwa litalowa ndibwino.
Kusiyana kogonana
Sikovuta kusiyanitsa wamkazi ndi wamwamuna mu nsomba zazing'onoting'ono, zazikazi ndizokulirapo komanso zokulirapo m'mimba.
Mukayang'ana kuchokera pamwambapa, kusiyana kwake kumawonekera kwambiri chifukwa chachikazi chimakhala chokulirapo. Amuna amakhala ndi mphako wokulirapo wokulirapo, ndipo kumatako ndi owongoka kwambiri.
Amuna nawonso ali owala. Sikovuta kudziwa za jenda ndi diso lodziwa bwino.
Kuswana
Monga tanenera kale, kubzala nsomba zamangamanga si kovuta, chifukwa iyi ndi imodzi mwasamba zoyamba zomwe zimawombedwa mu aquarium.
Amatha kuberekanso m'madzi wamba. Nsombazi zimayika mazira, koma amatha kuzidya, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti kumafunikira ma aquariums ena kuti apange ndi kukulira mwachangu.
Kuti muberekenso, mufunika awiri kapena atatu: wamkazi ndi amuna awiri. Otsatsa ena amalangiza amuna ambiri pa akazi onse.
Opanga ayenera kudyetsedwa chakudya chamoyo - magazi a mphutsi, brine shrimp, daphnia, tubifex. Ndi chakudya chokhala ndi mapuloteni ambiri omwe amalimbikitsa kubereka. Ngati ndizosatheka kupeza ndalama, mutha kuyidyetsa ndi mazira.
Mkazi wokonzekera kubereka amakhala wochuluka kwambiri, ndipo nsomba zonse zimakhala zolimba. Mwa mkazi, mimba imatha kutenga utoto wofiyira, ndipo kunyezimira koyamba kwa pectoral kumapeto kungakhalenso kofiira.
Pakadali pano, ndikofunikira kusintha madzi ochulukirapo m'malo opangira (pafupifupi 30%), ndi madzi otentha pang'ono. Kusintha madzi ndi kutsika kwa madigiri 5, kumafanizira nyengo yamvula mwachilengedwe.
Ndipo izi ndizomwe zimayambitsa kuyambitsa. Ngati kubereka sikuyambira tsiku limodzi kapena awiri, bwerezaninso ndondomekoyi.
Kukhazikika kwa mphalapala wamawangamawanga ndikofanana ndi momwe makonde onse amabalira.
Choyamba, chachimuna chimatsitsimutsa chachikazi ndi tinyanga take, chomenyetsa msana ndi mbali. Kenako yamphongo imatenga mawonekedwe achikhalidwe chooneka ngati T kumakhonde. Momwe thupi lake limakhazikika molingana ndi mphuno zachikazi. Pakadali pano iye ndi inu
amalola mkaka. Mpaka lero, pali mikangano yokhudza momwe mazira a mazira amangamangai amapangidwira. Ena amakhulupirira kuti chachikazi chimameza mkaka, umadutsa m'matumbo ndikuwatulutsa m'mazirawo, omwe amawasunga m'mapiko a m'chiuno.
Ena amakhulupirira kuti mkaka umatulutsidwa mkamwa mwa mkazi, ndipo iye, podutsa m'mitsempha, amatsogolera thupi kulowa m'mazira.
Dziralo likakhala ndi umuna, awiriwo amapatukana ndipo mkazi amamatira dziralo pamwamba pomwe wasankha ndikuyeretsamo. Itha kukhala galasi, zosefera, mbewu.
Mazira akangoyikidwa, yamphongo imayambanso kuyambitsanso yaikazi ndipo mwambowu umabwerezedwa. Izi zikupitilira mpaka mazira mazana awiri kapena mazana atatu atenge feteleza ndikutsatiridwa mu aquarium.
Kubzala kumatenga ola limodzi kapena kupitilira apo. Mukangobereka, makolo amafunika kuchotsedwa mu thanki popeza amatha kudya mazira.
Mazirawo amapsa kwa masiku pafupifupi 6, ngakhale kuti nthawi imadalira kutentha, kutentha kwa madzi, kuthamanga. Madzi ozizira amatha kukulitsa nthawi mpaka masiku 8.
Akangotuluka mwachangu, amatha kudyetsedwa ndi zakudya zazing'ono kwambiri: Ma cyclops, brine mphutsi za shrimp, ma microworms, kapena zakudya zomwe zidasinthidwa kukhala fumbi.
Ndikofunikira kuti madzi azikhala oyera nthawi zonse.
Matenda
Mbalame zamatambala zamatambala sizimalimbana ndi matenda. Mwa mawonekedwewa, titha kuzindikira kutengeka kwa zomwe zili m'madzi a nitrate, mopitirira muyeso, tinyanga timayamba kufa.
