Plekostomus (Latin Hypostomus plecostomus) ndi mtundu wamba wa nsomba m'madzi. Amadzi ambiri amawasunga kapena kuwawona akugulitsidwa, chifukwa amagwiritsidwa ntchito pothetsa mavuto amchere.
Kupatula apo, iyi ndiyabwino kwambiri kuyeretsa ku aquarium, kuphatikiza kuti ndiimodzi mwamitundu yolimba kwambiri komanso yopanda chidwi.
Plecostomus ili ndi mawonekedwe osazolowereka kwambiri, kamwa yoboola pakati, malekezero akuthwa kotsalira ndi mkombero woboola pakati. Amatha kupukusa maso ake kuti aziwoneka ngati akutswinyira. Mtundu wofiirira wonyezimira, waphimbidwa ndi mawanga akuda omwe amawapangitsa kukhala amdima.
Koma catfish iyi imatha kukhala vuto kwa wam'madzi. Monga lamulo, nsomba zimagulidwa ndi mwachangu, pafupifupi masentimita 8 m'litali, koma zimakula mwachangu .... ndipo imatha kufikira masentimita 61, ngakhale m'madzi okhala m'nyanja nthawi zambiri amakhala a masentimita 30-38. Imakula mwachangu, nthawi yayitali ndi zaka 10-15.
Kukhala m'chilengedwe
Choyamba chidafotokozedwa ndi Karl Linnaeus mu 1758. Amakhala ku South America, ku Brazil, Trinidad ndi Tobago, Guiana.
Amakhala m'mayiwe ndi mitsinje, yonse yamadzi amchere komanso yamchere, yolowera kunyanja za Pacific ndi Atlantic.
Mawu akuti plecostomus amatanthauza "mkamwa wopindidwa" ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito pamitundu yambiri ya mphamba yomwe ili ndi matupi ofanana, ngakhale amasiyana kukula, mtundu, ndi zina.
Anthu amazitcha pleko, nkhono zam'madzi, ndi zina zambiri.
Nsomba zambiri zosiyanasiyana zimagulitsidwa pansi pa dzina la plekostomus. Pali mitundu pafupifupi 120 yokha ya Hypostomus ndipo pafupifupi 50 mwa iwo amawoneka. Chifukwa cha ichi, pali chisokonezo chachikulu m'gawoli.
Kufotokozera
Plekostomus ili ndi thupi lokhalitsa, lokutidwa ndi mbale zamathambo paliponse kupatula pamimba. Kutsekemera kwapamwamba kwambiri ndi mutu waukulu, womwe umangokula ndi msinkhu.
Maso ndi ochepa, amakhala pamwamba pamutu, ndipo amatha kugubuduzika m'maso mwake, kuwapangitsa kuti aziwoneka ngati akutswinyira.
Pakamwa pakamwa, ndi milomo yayikulu yokutidwa ndi minga ngati grater, imasinthidwa kuti ing'ambule ndere pamalo olimba.
Mtundu wa thupi ndi bulauni wonyezimira, koma umawoneka wakuda kwambiri chifukwa cha malo akuda ambiri. Mtundu uwu umabisa nsombazo kumbuyo kwa masamba ndi miyala yomwe yagwa. Pali mitundu yokhala ndi mawanga ochepa kapena opanda.
Mwachilengedwe, amakula mpaka 60 cm, m'madzi ocheperako, pafupifupi masentimita 30-38. Amakula msanga ndipo amatha kukhala m'nyanja yamadzi mpaka zaka 15, ngakhale m'chilengedwe amakhala nthawi yayitali.
Zovuta zazomwe zilipo
Ndizosavuta kusamalira, bola pakakhala chakudya chambiri cha algae kapena catfish, komabe, chifukwa cha kukula kwake, siyabwino kwa oyamba kumene, chifukwa malo okhala ma aquariums akuluakulu amafunikira kuti asamalire.
Magawo amadzi siofunika kwenikweni, ndikofunikira kuti akhale oyera. Khalani okonzekera kuti plecostomus imakula mwachangu kwambiri ndipo idzafuna voliyumu yambiri.
Ndiomwe amakhala usiku, zomwe zimachitika ndikudyetsa komwe kumabwera mdima, chifukwa chake mitengo yolowetsa ndi malo ena amafunikira kuyikidwa mu aquarium kuti athe kubisala masana.
Amatha kudumpha kuchokera mu aquarium, muyenera kuwaphimba. Ngakhale ndi omnivores, amadya kwambiri ndere mu aquarium.
Achinyamata a plekostomus ndiabwino, amatha kukhala ndi nsomba zambiri, ngakhale ndi ma cichlids ndi mitundu ina yaukali. Pali chosiyana chimodzi chokha - atha kukhala achiwawa komanso oyipa ndi ma plekostomus ena, pokhapokha atakula limodzi.
Amatetezanso malo omwe amakonda kuchokera ku nsomba zina zomwe zimakhala ndi njira yofananira yodyetsera. Koma achikulire akukhala achiwawa komanso abwinoko kuti azisiyanitsa pakapita nthawi.
Ndikofunikanso kudziwa kuti amatha kudya mamba kuchokera mbali zina za nsomba akagona. Izi ndizowona makamaka pa discus, scalar ndi goldfish.
Ngakhale amadya makamaka pazakudya zamasamba, amakula kwambiri ndipo limatha kukhala vuto m'madzi am'madzi ochepa.
Kudyetsa
Makamaka mudzala chakudya ndi ndere, ngakhale chakudya chamoyo chitha kudyedwa. Ikhoza kudya mitundu yofewa yochokera ku zomera, koma izi ndi ngati ilibe ndere zokwanira ndikudyetsa.
Kuti mukonze, muyenera kukhala ndi aquarium yokhala ndi zosefera zambiri. Ngati adya ndere msanga kuposa momwe amakulira, muyenera kumudyetsa ndi chakudya cha nsomba za m'madzi.
Mwa masamba, plekostomus itha kupatsidwa sipinachi, letesi, kabichi, zukini, nkhaka.
Kuchokera kuzakudya zanyama, mavuvi, mavawuni amwazi, mphutsi za tizilombo, tizilombo tating'onoting'ono. Ndibwino kudyetsa madzulo, kutatsala pang'ono kuti magetsi azimitsidwe.
Kusunga mu aquarium
Kuti plecostomus mu aquarium, voliyumu ndiyofunikira, osachepera 300 malita, ndipo ikamakula mpaka 800-1000.
Imakula mwachangu kwambiri ndipo imasowa malo ampata osambira ndi kudyetsa. Mu aquarium, muyenera kuyika nkhuni, miyala ndi malo ena, komwe amabisala masana.
Driftwood mu aquarium siyofunikira kokha ngati pogona, komanso ngati malo omwe algae amakula mwachangu, kuphatikiza apo, ali ndi mapadi, omwe nsombazi zimafunikira chimbudzi.
Amakonda malo okhala m'madzi okhala ndi zomera zambiri, koma amatha kudya mitundu yosakhwima ndikutulutsa zazikulu mwangozi. Onetsetsani kuti mukuphimba aquarium, yomwe imakonda kudumpha m'madzi.
Monga tanenera, magawo amadzi siofunika kwenikweni. Ukhondo ndi kusefera bwino ndikusintha pafupipafupi ndikofunikira, chifukwa ndi kukula kwake kwa zinyalala zimatulutsa zambiri.
Kutentha kwamadzi 19 - 26 ° C, ph: 6.5-8.0, kuuma 1 - 25 dGH
Ngakhale
Usiku. Amtendere akadali achichepere, amayamba kukangana komanso kudera limodzi atakalamba. Sangathe kuyimirira pamtundu wawo, pokhapokha ngati sanakule pamodzi.
Amatha kusenda khungu ku discus ndi scalar akagona. Achinyamata amatha kusungidwa mumchere wamba, nsomba zazikulu zimapambananso, kapena ndi nsomba zina zazikulu.
Kusiyana kogonana
Ndizovuta ngakhale kwa diso lodziwa kusiyanitsa mwamuna ndi wamkazi mu plekostomus. Obereketsa amasiyanitsa amuna ndi ma papillae, koma kwa wokonda kuchita izi ndi zosatheka.
Kuswana
Mwachilengedwe, plecostomus imaberekanso mumitsinje yakuya m'mbali mwa mtsinje. Ndizovuta kuberekanso izi mu aquarium, kapena mwina zosatheka.
Amabadwira ku Singapore, Hong Kong, Florida. Pachifukwa ichi, amagwiritsa ntchito mayiwe akuluakulu okhala ndi mabanki amatope, momwe amakumba maenje.
Awiriwo amatchera pafupifupi mazira 300, kenako yamphongo imalondera mazirawo kenako amawathira mwachangu. Malek amadyera chinsinsi kuchokera mthupi la makolo ake.
Pamapeto pake, dziwe limatsanulidwa, ndipo achinyamata ndi makolo amagwidwa.
