Anyani a Howler (Aloautta) ndi gulu lomwe limaphatikizapo nthumwi za anyani amphongo yayikulu omwe ali m'mabanja ambiri a arachnids (Atelidae). Oimira owala komanso osazolowereka a Zinyama Zam'makalasi ndi dongosolo la anyani amatha kupanga phokoso lalikulu, lomwe limafotokoza dzina lawo loyambirira.
Kufotokozera kwa a Howler
Nyama yayikulu komanso yayikulu imakhala ndi mawonekedwe achilendo komanso mawu okweza, chifukwa chake yatchuka kwambiri pakati pa anthu.... Mitundu 15 ndi ma subspecies angapo tsopano ali mgulu la a Howler, omwe amakhala ndi mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana.
Maonekedwe
Thupi la anyani olira ndilokulirapo kukula. Kutalika kwa thupi la amuna akulu kumafikira 62-63 cm, ndipo kwa akazi - mkati mwa 46-60 cm. Mchira ndi wotsogola komanso wolimba modabwitsa, ndipo utali wonse wa mchira wamwamuna wachikulire ndi pafupifupi masentimita 60-70. zimasiyanasiyana mkati mwa masentimita 55-66. Nyama yayikulu imasiyanitsidwa ndi kulemera kochititsa chidwi kwambiri: kulemera kwamwamuna ndi 5-10 kg, ndipo ya mkazi wachikulire wogonana imakhala pakati pa 3-8 kg.
Kudziwika kwa kuwonekera kwa mfuwu ndiko kupezeka kwa mphuno zowoneka bwino ndi mano akulu makumi atatu mphambu asanu ndi limodzi, omwe amapatsa nyamayo mantha komanso nkhanza. Nsagwada wa anyaniwa ndi wokulirapo komanso wowonekera pang'ono patsogolo, ndipo kukula kwakukulu kwa mayini kumalola nyama yotere kuti ipeze kokonati mwachangu, komanso imamwa mkaka mosavuta.
Ndizosangalatsa! Mwamuna wachikulire wogogoda amakhala ndi ndevu zazitali, zomwe zimasiyanitsa ndi zachikazi, komanso madera opanda tsitsi amayimilidwa ndimakutu, nkhope, mitengo ya kanjedza ndi mapazi.
Amonke omwe amadziwika kwambiri ku Colombia nthawi zambiri amakhala akuda, ndipo mbali zonse za thupi pali tsitsi lalitali lofiira kwambiri, lofanana ndi mwinjiro wapamwamba. Kutha kwa mchira wogwira kumasiyanitsidwa ndi kupezeka kwa tsitsi lopepuka lomwe limagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi wolira kuti agwire ndikugwira chakudya. Mitundu yofananira kapena zisa zachilendo zimapezeka kutalika konse kwa mchira. Chikhomo chilichonse choyamwitsa chimakhala ndi zikhadabo zisanu zolimba.
Khalidwe ndi moyo
Anyani a Howler ndi amodzi mwa anyani akuluakulu ku Brazil. Nyama yamtunduwu ndi mphalapala yokongola kwambiri, ndipo gawo lamchira lodabwitsa komanso lotukuka limagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zonse ndi nyani ngati nkhono yachisanu. Mwachilengedwe chawo, amonke omwe amalira kulira ndi nyama zokhazikika zomwe zimakhalabe zogwira ntchito masana.
Ntchito zatsiku ndi tsiku zimaphatikizapo kuyenda mozungulira gawo lanu komanso kudyetsa. Ndi mdima wokha pomwe owomba amakonda kupita kukagona, koma amuna ena, ngakhale usiku, samasiya kufuula mokweza komanso mowopsa.
Ndizosangalatsa! Nthawi zina zomwe zimayambitsa ndewu zamagazi ndi zizindikiritso, zomwe mkazi amapereka kwa amuna kapena akazi anzawo, a gulu loyandikana nalo, ndipo ndewu pakati pa amuna ndizowopsa kwambiri, ndipo wopambana nthawi zonse amaliza womenyedwayo.
Kumtchire, anyani amakhala ogwirizana m'mabanja apadera, omwe nthawi zambiri amaphatikizapo anthu khumi ndi asanu mpaka khumi ndi asanu ndi awiri. Pakati pa gulu lililonse, nthawi zonse pamakhala yamphongo, komanso wachiwiri wake ndi akazi angapo.
Ndikubangula kwamphamvu kuti wamphongoyo alengeza malire a gawo lake lonse, koma kusowa kwa magawano omveka bwino amderali nthawi zambiri kumayambitsa nkhondo pakati pa magulu angapo. Ndizochita ndewu kotero kuti amuna ambiri amafa.
Ndi howler angati amakhala
Nthawi yayitali ya anyani okweza kwambiri komanso osangalatsa ndi pafupifupi zaka makumi awiri.
Malo okhala, malo okhala
Mbalame yofiira kwambiri (Alouatta bеlzеbul) imapezeka ku Brazil, yomwe imapezeka kum'mwera chakum'mawa kwa Amazon komanso m'mphepete mwa nkhalango pakati pa Sergipe ndi Rio Grande do Norte. Mbalame yakuda (Alouatta caraya) imapezeka kumpoto chakum'mawa kwa Argentina, kumadera akum'mawa kwa Bolivia, kum'mawa ndi kumwera kwa Brazil kapena ku Paraguay, komanso limodzi ndi brown howler, mtunduwu umadziwika kuti ndiwokumwera kwambiri mwa oimira mtundu wonse.
Guyana howler (Alouatta macconnelli), yemwe amakhala patali posakhalitsa ngati mtundu winawake, amapezeka ku Guiana Highlands, kumpoto kwa Amazon, kum'mawa kwa Rio Negro ndi kumwera kwa Orinoco, ndipo dera lake litha kufalikira kumwera kuchokera kudera la Amazon, m'malo omwe ali pakati pa mitsinje ya Madeira ndi Tapajos.
Ndizosangalatsa! Coiba howler (Alouatta coibensis) imayimilidwa ndi tinthu tating'ono ting'ono ndipo imapezeka ku Panama, pomwe a Brown Howler (Alouatta guariba) amakhala makamaka mdera lakumwera chakum'mawa kwa Brazil, komanso amapezeka kumpoto chakum'mawa kwa Argentina.
Oimira amitundu aku Amazonia howler (Alouatta nigerrima) nthawi ina m'mbuyomu amawerengedwa kuti ndi subspecies a howler wamanja ofiira. Amakhala madera okhudzana ndi Central Brazil. Bolivian Howler (Alouatta sara) amakhala kumpoto ndi pakati pa Bolivia, mpaka kumalire ndi Peru ndi Brazil. Central American Howler (Alouatta pigra) amapezeka mdera lamapiri a Belize, Mexico ndi Guatemala. Wofuwula wofiira, kapena wofiyira (Alouatta seniculus) ndiwodziwika kwambiri okhala m'madela ochokera ku Amazon kupita ku Colombia, kuyambira pakati pa Bolivia kupita ku Ecuador.
Anyani akulira
Zakudya zofananira za howler wofiira ndi mtedza, masamba a mitengo, mbewu zosiyanasiyana, zipatso zambiri ndi maluwa. Mimba yanyama yayikulu kwambiri imasinthidwa bwino kuti idye chakudya chambiri chochokera kuzomera.
Ndi wautali komanso wopangidwa, komanso mulinso mabakiteriya ena apadera omwe amathandizira kupezetsa chakudya chotafuna. Nthawi zina tizilombo timaphatikizidwa mu zakudya za amonke olira.
Kubereka ndi ana
Anyani onse ofiira ofiira amakhala ndi bere lalitali, ndipo kuberekana kwawo kumachedwa pang'onopang'ono kuposa momwe zimakhalira ndi nyama zazikulu ngati izi. Kubereka mwa akazi a mtundu uwu kumakhala kosavuta komanso kwachangu, ndipo mkati mwa milungu itatu yoyambirira, mwana wakhanda wakhanda amakhala pamimba pa amayi ake, pambuyo pake amayenda pamsana pawo.
Zidzakhalanso zosangalatsa:
- Anyani tamarins
- Mkango marmosets
- Nyani simiri
- Kangaude kangaude
Amonke akuda akuda nkhawa za kugonana, ndipo ana obadwa amakhala ndi ubweya wagolide, koma amasintha mtundu wawo pakukula. Amayi aakazi amtundu wa Central American Howler amakula msinkhu wazaka zinayi, ndipo amuna patapita zaka zingapo, pambuyo pake amachoka pagulu, koma akazi nthawi zonse amakhala m'banjamo.
Anyani ofiira ofiira omwe amadziwika bwino kwambiri amadziwika ndi kusowa kwachidziwikire m'nyengo zoswana, ndipo anzawo amtunduwu amasintha nthawi zambiri... Nthawi yobereka imatenga pafupifupi masiku 186-194, pambuyo pake mwana wamwamuna mmodzi amabadwa. Mayi amadyetsa mwana wake mpaka atakwanitsa chaka chimodzi ndi theka kapena zaka ziwiri, pambuyo pake nyani wamkulu amakhala wodziyimira pawokha ndikudziyang'anira yekha.
Adani achilengedwe
Pafupifupi mitundu yonse yomwe ilipo ya amonke akulira amasakidwa ndi anthu chifukwa cha nyama zokoma komanso zosowa kwambiri, zodula. Ana a anyani achilendowa amagwidwa mwachangu ndi anthu osaka nyama ndipo amagulitsidwa ngati ziweto zotchuka.
Ndizosangalatsa! Adani achilengedwe achilengedwe a anyani achichepere ndi cougar, ocelot, harpy chiwombankhanga, kapena wodya nyani, omwe amatha kulimbana ndi anyani molunjika mlengalenga, komanso nthawi zambiri amalanda ana ang'onoang'ono kumbuyo kwa amayi awo.
Chiwerengero cha mamalia chimavutika kwambiri ndi chiwonongeko m'malo awo achilengedwe, ndipo misewu yomanga yogwira imagwira ntchito m'malo achilengedwe a howler amathandizira kugawanika kwamitundu yonse momveka bwino komanso mwachangu.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
A Redhand ndi a Coiba Howler apatsidwa mwayi wachitetezo. Anyani akuda ndi a Brown Howler tsopano akuyambitsa nkhawa kwambiri chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa anthu. Pakadali pano, International Conservation Union yapatsa Gaian howler ndi Amazon howler udindo "Wangozi".
A Central America howler ndi anyani omwe amafa mwachangu, ndipo zomwe zimawopseza mtundu uwu zikuyimilidwa ndikuwononga kwanyumba, kusaka nyama, komanso malonda oletsedwa. Bolivian Howler ndi Red, kapena Red Howler ali ndi nkhawa.
